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Pee f
reo
py" CATALOGUE
oe' OF THE
SNAKES
IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTOR ¥ye
VOLUME l.,
CONTAINING THE FAMILIUS
TYPHLOPID.®, GLAUCONIID®, BOID-”®, ILYSIIDA, UR™
XENOPELTID, ann COLUBRID AGLYPH.AZ, » ver,
NT say
BY
GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
SOLD BY
LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW;
B. QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE;
KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD;
AND AT THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
1893.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,
PREFACE.
Tue Collection of Snakes in the British Museum was catalogued
partly in the year 1849, partly in 1858, in two 12mo volumes
of respectively 125 and 281 pages. It contained at that time about
500 species represented by 3500 specimens, and ranked as one of
the two richest collections of Ophidians. However, the appearance
of those two little Catalogues led to the very fertile cooperation
of many Naturalists and Collectors in the Tropics; and the influx
of additional species was so continuous as to necessitate the
issue of supplementary reports, which were published in the ‘Annals
and Magazine of Natural History’ and in the ‘ Proceedings of the
Zoological Society,’ and continued with tolerable regularity to the
year 1872. By that time the total number of species in the
Museum amounted to 920, and that of the typical specimens to 360.
Although no opportunity of adding to the Collection has been lost
since that year, the high percentage of the new species acquired
in former years could no longer be maintained.
Until the completion of the work, which will consist of three
yolumes, it is not possible to give more than an approximate
estimate of the extent of the Collection at the present date. To
judge from this first volume, the entire Collection will probably be
found to contain not less than 1200 species represented by about
10,000 specimens.
The present edition of the Catalogue has much stronger claims
to being regarded as a Monograph of the suborder Ophidia than
its predecessor, in which little or no reference was made to
species not represented in the Museum. The principles on which
iv PREFACE.
Schlegel had built up his classification are now entirely abandoned,
and the taxonomic value of the dental is made subordinate to
that of osteological characters. The specific descriptions and the
references to the literature are given much more fully; and the re-
examination of the specimens has led to numerous changes in the
nomenclature and the limitation of species and genera, though,
in this respect, it is not to be expected that the views of different
authors will ever completely agree.
ALBERT GUNTHER,
Keeper of the Department of Zoology.
British Museum (N. H.),
March 4th, 1898.
INTRODUCTION.
Tus volume contains descriptions of 523 species of Snakes, 414 of
which are represented in the National Collection by 3324 specimens.
The general classification is the same as that followed in 1890,
when dealing with the herpetological fauna of India* ; but I have
been able to introduce some improvements in the arrangement
of the genera.
In order to render this Catalogue more useful to workers who
have not access to the Collection, the lists of specimens have fre-
quently been made to a certain extent descriptive of individual
variations of scaling or coloration. For every specimen the numbers
of ventral (V.) and caudal shields (C.) are given, and when necessary
also the number of longitudinal rows of scales (Se.). This will
enable those who differ from the author in their estimation of specific
characters to form a more correct idea of the material on which his
views are based, and thus to judge better of the correctness or fallacy
of his conclusions.
For Snakes with paired subcaudals it is to be understood that the
figures given refer to the number of pairs, not to the total number
of shields. In describing the temporal scutellation I have, unless
the contrary be stated, only given the numbers in the first two
rows; for instance, temporals 1+2 signifies that there is a single
temporal in front, immediately followed by a pair of superposed
shields, 2+3 meaning two superposed shields followed by three
disposed in the same manner. In counting the number of longi-
tudinal series of scales I have not, unless specially stated, chosen
* «The Fauna of British India, Reptilia and Batrachia.’ Lond., 1890. 8vo.
vi INTRODUCTION.
any particular region, but give the highest number to be found at
any point between the anterior and the posterior fourth of the body.
The indication of the number of teeth refers to the full set in each
maxillary ; few specimens show the complete dentition, gaps oc-
curring here and there, but shallow sockets in the bone indicate
the bases of the missing teeth. The figures intercalated in the text
will help to make clear the dental characters employed in diagnosing
the genera. A figure of the skull, with all the bones lettered,
accompanies the definition of every family.
The dimensions are taken from the largest specimens in the
Collection.
As in the preceding Catalogues of Reptiles and Batrachians, the
letters in square brackets in the third column of the list of specimens
signify :—“[P.]” = “ Presented by”; ‘ [C.]” = “Collected by ”;
“[E.]” =“ Obtained by exchange.”
G. A. BOULENGER,
Zoological Department,
January 23rd, 1893.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
OPHIDIA.
Fam. 1. TYPHLOPID.
Page
_ Helminthophis, Pérs..... 4
1. flavoterminatus, Ptrs. 5
2. frontalis, Ptrs. ...-.- é
3. petersii, Blgr. ...+++ 6
4, guentheri, Bigr....++> 6
5. albirostris, Ptrs. .... 6
Typhlops, Sch. ..+.eees ty
J. lineatus, Bote ....-- 15
2. unilineatus, D. §& B... 15
3, melanocephalus, D.§B. 16
4, braminus, Daud. .... 16
5. accedens, Jan......- Paes
6. beddomii, Blgr....+.- 18
7. jagori, Ptrs. ...++++s 18
8, leucomelas, Blgr..... 18
9, jerdoni, Blgr....+++-- 19
10. porrectus, Miah, eQeeor 20
11. guentheri, Pérs....... 20
12. leucoproctus, Blgr. .. 20
13. comorensis, Blgr..... 21
14, socotranus, Blgr. .... 21
15. vermicularis, Merr. .. 21
16. diardi, Schleg.....0++- 22
17. bothriorhynchus, Gthr. 25
18. oatesii, Blgr. .. 1.606. 23
19. siamensis, Gthr....... 24
20. nigroalbus, D. § B. .. 24
21. muelleri, Schleg. .... 29
922, madagascariensis, Bttgr. 25
93. flaviventer, Pérs. .... 25
94. theobaldianus, Stol. .. 26
25. thurstonii, Bttgr. .... 26
96. acuticauda, Ptrs. .... 26
97. aluensis, Blgr. .....- 27
928. schneideri, Jan ....... 27
99, reticulatus, Z. ...... 27
30. tenuis, Salvin ...... 28
dl.
32.
3D.
dd.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
4l.
42.
45.
44,
45,
46.
47.
48,
49,
50.
Bl.
52.
55.
54.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
Gl.
62.
65.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
filiformis, D. § B.
temminckii, Jan
ruficauda, Gray ....++
kraalii, Doria ....+:
platycephalus, D. § B.
lumbricalis, Z. ......
exiguus, Jan ...+e00+
cerecatus, Jam ....+6-.
cuneirostris, Ptrs.....
verticalis, Smith
depressus, Ptrs.......
longissimus, D. § B...
conradi, Pirs. ....<
ligatus, Pts. ....+++
torresianus, Blgr. ....
polygrammicus, Sch/eg.
regine, Blgr......+++
australis, Gray .....+
wiedil, Pirs. 0.0000.
exoceeti, Blgr. ......
bipartitus, Sawog. ....
tenuicollis, Ptrs. ....
mucronatus, Bttgr. ..
elegans, Pétrs......+..
decorosus, Buchh. §
Per as, Portlets seaetene oc
obtusus, P7rs.....000
fornasinii, Biane. ....
blanfordii, Blgr.......
boettgeri, Blgr.......
congicus, Bttgr. ....
hallowellii, Jan ......
anchietze, Bocage ....
mossambicus, Pers.
tettensis, Ptrs.
buchholzi, Pérs.
punctatus, Leach ....
bibronii, Smth ..... :
schlegelii, Bianc. ....
delalandii, Schleg.....
vili
70.
7
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
iS
78.
79.
80.
sl.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
95.
94.
95.
96.
97.
3. Typhlophis, Pérs.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
GUINEA, UTES oes oe «aie
humbo, Bocage ......
mn oaukty Jee qoondo
anomalus, Bocage ....
schinzi, Lttgr.
curvirostris, Pérs. ....
lpeollore, JAE Bbad000¢
see eee
. bituberculatus, Pérs...
unguirostris, Pérs. ....
RIMINI SLOT. ala a a sick
arenarius, Grand. ....
multilineatus, Schleg...
olivaceus, Gray ......
cumingil, Gray ......
SIMONI, BELOT. cs «s/s sce
CTOSSID) O00 ives hates
TAUNTS, cel 292 eer ialfo stew ate
andamanensis, Stol. ..
ater, Schleg.
disparilis, Jan
microstomus, Cope....
inornatus, Blgr.......
pallidus, Cope.....<-.
lumbriciformis, Ptrs.. .
ceecus, A. Dum.......
newtonil, Bocage ....
uniteniatus, Pérs.....
acutns, DG Be. wsice
wilderi, Garm.-.....,
Ot ce oaoro
ee eevee
eC
1. squamosus, Schleg.
Fam. 2. GLAUCONIID&.
1. Anomalepis, Jan
16
2. Glauconia, Gray
. macrorhynchus, Jan ..
WiGIStAELM PES LOT. criaas ele ie
COND OP Cobo
mexicana, Jan
rostrata, Bocage......
qh JPG do oseue
. albifrons, Wagl.......
. goudotii, D.§ B.....
.emini, Blgr.
. signata, Jan
. dimidiata, Jan
pmlers; 8. GG. ae
. narirostris, Pérs.
2. cairi, D. § B.
. fitzingeri, Jan
. blanfordii, Blgr.
5. longicauda, Ptrs. ....
. brevicauda, Bocage
. nigricans, Schleg.
. conjuncta, Jan
. scutifrons, Pérs.
eee eeeee
eee eee
20. sundevallii, Jan......
21. bicolor, Jan
22. macrolepis, Ptrs. .... 69
23. myopica, Garm. .... 69
24, dissimilis, Bocage .... 70
25. bilineata, Schleg. .... 70
26. humilis, B.§ G. .... 70
27. septemstriata, Schn... 71
Fam. 3. Bory”.
Subfam. 1. PyrHonin».
. Loxocemus, Cope ...... 74
le icolor:s Cope. .uiies. 6 7
PPMAECOR, G7AY i. scales cake 75
Moa, SCREY.- 7. o-ouae 2. 16
polasis Gray | fgenh. eee 76
i /ehildreni, Gray... ... th
2 AUSCUS, POSe eR aie 6 78
3. olivaceus, Gray ...... if
4. mackloti, D.§ B..... 79
5. albertisii, Pérs. § Doria 80
6. papuanus, Pérs. § Doria 80
s Python, Daud. . ss. 6s. 80
1. spilotes, Zacép. ...... 82
2. amethystinus, Schn. .. 83
3. timorensis, Pirs. .... 85
4. reticulatus, Schn. .... 85
HaschwenGiie wie weer 86
Gemoluras; Wf, 272: s ee 87
7. anchiete, Bocage .... 88
8. regius, Shaw ........ 88
9. curtus, Schleg. ...... 89
. Chondropython, 4. B.
Weyer. F. plaka tert. 90
He WATIGIS, USCHIEG: Sh tessa 90
AS DIGHES. PLB. %clyslate oe 91
1. melanocephalus, Krefft 91
2. ramsayi, Macleay .... 92
. Calabaria, Gray ........ 92
1, reinhardti, Schleg..... 92
Subfam. 2. Bomvz.
. Epicrates, Wagl. ...... 93
de conchis, ds. \ <5, sashes 94
2. angulifer, Bebr. ...... 96
SG. Siriatus, P2schs jess en 96
A, inornatus, Reinh. .... 97
OMOLAIENG LTS. clean cen re 98
G. gracilis, Fisch. ......: 98
. Corsllus, Daud)... .508. 99
PCOOK, IG HAY cn.c ae 2 99
2. hortulanus, Z. ...... 101
3. annulatus, Cope...... 102
4, caninus, 2. i5..4.05. 1
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
5, madagascariensis, D. §
PERG s iia k's ens 103
10. Enygrus, Wagl. ......-- 104
1. australis, Montrouz. 105
2. bibronii, Zombr.§ Jacg. 106
8. carinatus, Schr. ...... 107
4, asper, Gthir. ....eees 109
11. Trachyboa, Ptrs.......+- 109
1. gularis, Ptrs. ......-- 109
12. Ungalia, Gray....--++-. 110
1. taczanowskyi, Stdr. .. 111
2. moreletii, Bocourt.... 111
[ 8, melanura, Schleg. .... 111
4, maculata, Bib. ...... 112
5, pardalis, Gundl....... 115
6. semicincta, Gundl. §
Po, See 115
7, conjuncta, Fisch. 113
8. cana, Cope ........++> 114
, 13. Ungaliophis, F. Mil’. .. l4
1. continentalis, F. Mull. 114
14, Eunectes, Wagl........- 115
Lidhr nisi) os eae cee 115
VG, B08, Le. oe ce cee eos 116
1. constrictor, Z. ...... 17
2, occidentalis, Philippi.. 118
3. diviniloqua, Lawr..... 118
4. imperator, Daud. .... 119
5, mexicana, Jam ...... 119
6. dumerilii, Jan ...... 120
7. madagascariensis, D. §
i. hokage; 6 pGaee 120
16. Casarea, Gray........-- 121
1. dussumieri, Schley. 121
17. Bokerm, Gray..-...:..+- 12]
]. multicarinata, Bote .. 122
18, Eryx, Daud. ........-. 122
1. conicus, Schn. ...... 124
2. thebaicus, Ress mm 125
8. jaculus, Z. ..4......5 125
4. johnii, Russ. ....+--- 127
5. elegans, Gray ....-- 128
6. muelleri, Blgr. ....-- 128
7. jayakari, Bigr. ...... 129
19. Lichanura, Cope.......- 129
1, trivirgata, Cope...... 129
90, Charina, Gray.......-.. 130
1. bottz, Blainv. ...... 13
2. brachyops, Cope....-. 131
Fam. 4. ILysiip&.
Lael. Hysia, Hempr. ...++--> 133
1. scytale, LZ. .......+- 133
9, Anomalochilus, Jeude .. 18
1. weberi, Jeude.......- 13
VOL. I.
ix
Page
3. Cylindrophis, Wagl. .... 154
Pera; EGUr, 6 css sass 135
Demacuiatus, Li. 0.5 +2 136
3. lineatus, Blanf. .....- 137
Fam. 5, UROPELTID&.
1. Uropeltis, Cuv. .....++- 139
1. prandis, Ke/. ........ 139
2. Rhinophis, Hempr. 140
1. oxyrhynchus, Schn. .. 141
2. punctatus, Mil. 141
3. planiceps, Ptrs....... 141
4. trevelyanus, Kel. .... 142
5, sanguineus, Bedd..... 145
6. travancoricus, Bigr. .. 148
7. blythii, Kel. ........ 144
8. Silybura, Gray ........ 144
1. melanogaster, Gray .. 146
2. pulneyensis, Bedd..... 147
3. grandis, Bedd. ...... 148
4, petersii, Bedd. ...... 148
5. maculata, Bedd....... 149
6, lire CG CA on as a cee 149
7. ocellata, Bedd. ...... 150
8. nigra, Bedd. .......- 151
9, nitida, Bedd. ........ 151
10, dindigalensis, Bedd. .. 152
11. broughami, Bedd..... 152
12. macrorhynchus, Bedd. 15%
13. beddomil, Gth7......- 1538
14, ellioti Gray": . kane 154
15. phipsonii, Mason .... 165
16. rubrolineata, Gthr. 155
17. myhendre, Bedd. .... 156
18. madurensis, Bedd..... 156
19. rubromaculata, Bedd.. 157
20. arcticeps, Gthr....... 157
21. brevis, Quatasrecens = 158
22. macrolepis, Pirs. .... 159
4, Pseudoplectrurus, Blgr... 160
1. canaricus, Bedd....... 160
5. Plectrurus, D. § B. .... 160
1, perroteti, D. § B..... 161
2. davisonii, Bedd....... 162
3. guentheri, Bedd. 162
4, aureus, Bedd,........ 162
6. Melanophidium, Gthr. 165
1. wynadense, Bedd. .... 168
2. A ara Bedd..... 164
3. bilineatum, Bedd..... 164
7. Platyplectrurus, Gthr. .. 165
1. trilineatus, Bedd. .... 165
2. madurensis, Bedd..... 166
3. sanguineus, Bedd..... 166
b
x SYSTEMATIC INDEX,
Fam. 6, XENOPELTIDS,
J Page
1. Xenopeltis, Reinw....... 167
1. unicolor, Reinw, 168
Fam. 7. C OLUBRID&,
Series A, Aglypha.
Subfam. 1, ACROCHORDINA.
1. Acrochordus, Hornst.. . 178
1. javanicus, Hornst..... 175
2. Chersydrus, Cuv, ...... 173
1. granulatus, Schn. ..,, 174
3. Xenodermus, Reinh. .... 175
1. javanicus, Reinh. .... 175
4, Stoliczkaia, Jerd. ...... 175
1. khasiensis, Jerd..,... . 176
5. Nothopsis, Cones the es 176
1. rugosus, Cope........ 176
Subfam. 2, CoLuBRINa,
6. Polyodontophis, Bigr. .. 181
1. rhodogaster, Schleg. ., 182
2. torquatus, Blyr....., , 185
3 mayottensis, Ps. ..., 183
4 sumichrasti, Bocourt., 183
5. collaris, Gray... ..... 184
6. geminatus, Bote... .. . 185
7. subpunctatus, D. § B. 186
8. sagittarius, Cant. 187
7. Dromicodryas, Blgns NS9
1. bernieri, D, GBs wk Sag
2. quadrilineatus, D, &§ B. 190
8, Xenochrophis, Gthr. : tae ON
- Cerasogaster, Cant. 191
9. Prymnomiodon, Cope.... 192
1. chaleeus, Cope ... |. 192
Tropidonotus nicobarien-
sis, W. Sclater 192
10. Tropidonotus, Kuhl oe 162
1
2. vagrans, B.§ G. 202
3 chrysocephalus, Cope. . 203
4 scaliger, Jan ...., Big. 2A0)3
5. scalaris, Cope: 8... 904
6. ordinatus, Z, 205
ri 212
( ed
Page
11. picturatus, ISCRIEG,.... «15 215
12. truncatus, Pérs......, 216
13. celebicus, Ptrs. § Doria 216
14. fuliginoides, Gthr. . 217
15. variegatus, Pfrs. 217
16. swinhonis, Gthr. .... 2]
17. nuchalis, Blgr. 218
iS matrixed, & etelles,. 219\
19. vibakari, Bote......., 221
20. conspicillatus, Gthr. 222 |
21. parallelus, Blgr. 223 |
22. khasiensis, Biyr, 223 |
23. trianguligerus, Bote 224 |
24, petersii, Blgr........, 225
25. melanogaster, Ptys, 225
26. leevissimus, Githr. 226
27. olivaceus, Ptrs. ..... . 227
28. pygeeus, Cope......., 228
29. punctulatus, Gthr. ..,, 228
30. modestus, Gthr. . . 229
31. sancti-johannis, Bigr... 230
32. piseator, Schn......... 230
33. asperrimus, Blyr, ,.., 232
34, annularis, Gthr. 2... ., 233
35. tessellatus, Laur, 233
36 viperinus, Latr...... 7 200
37. validus, Kenn. ..,... 237
38. clarkii, B. & G....., , 238
39. compressicauda, Kenn,, 238
40. septemvittatus, Say .. 238
41. rigidus, Say ........ 240
42. grahami, B.§G. ...,. 24
43, ferox, Gthr. ........ 241
44, anoscopus, Cope....., 242
Boi fasciatus; Ze. sa 249
46, cyclopium, D. & B. 244
47. taxispilotus, Holbr. 245
48. sexlineatus, Gthr. ..., 2464
49. dolichocercus, Peracca. 246
50. stumpfhi, Bitgr......, 247
5]. lateralis, D.§ B. .... 248
52. platyceps, Blyth... ... 248
53. tigrinus, Bote......., 249
54, pryeri, Blgr. ........ 250
55. himalayanus, Gthr. 251
56. ceylonensis, Gthr. .,., 252
57. beddomii, Gthr. . 2... 252
58. stolatus, Z........... 958
OM avatbataisy 2.15. 4.0 OBS
60, nigrocinctus, Blyth 255
61. subminiatus, Schley. ., 256
62. spilogaster, Bote... .., 257
63. chrysargus, Schleg.... . 258
64, monticola, Jerd. .... 259
65. maculatus, Edel......, 260
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
age
66. chrysargoides, Gthr. .. 200
67. saravacensis, Gthr....,. 261
68. auriculatus, Gthr. . 261
69. crebripunctatus, Wym. 262
MOMUIMeCATNS MEGS NS «ore cr 262
71. flavitrons, Blgr. . 263
Mo. Callistus, Gt. .60. 263
75. hypomelas, Gthr. .... 264
74, dendrophiops, Gtr. .. 264
11. Macropisthodon, Blgr. .. 265
1. flaviceps, D.g B. .... 266
2. rhodomelas, Bore .... 266
3. plumbicolor, Gante. +. 267
12. Lioheterodon, D.§ B. .. 268
1. madagascariensis, D.§ B, 269
2. modestus, Gthr....... 269
13. Pseudoxenodon, Bigr..... 270
1. macrops, Blyth ...... 270
2. dorsalis, Gthr. ...... 271
3) IMOTNAIS; B01 0.6.6 272
14, Helicops, Wagl. ........ 272
1. schistosus, Daud. . 274
DDICOLOU GUIs tae cfous« 274
3. septemvittatus, Fisch. . 275
4, allenii, Garm. ........ 275
6. trivittatus, Gray...... ee
6. carinicauda, Wred..... 276
7. modestus, Gthr... 5
8. leopardinus, Sckleg. .. 278
QO. anrulatis, Lae) «seis + 278
POISCALARIS NS CRs hareuciesas's ate
11. polylepis, Gthr. ...... 280
15, Hydreethiops, Gthr. ». 280
1. melanogaster, Gthr. .. 281
16. Selec rea DS B. ¥81
I. variabilis, D.§ B. .... 282
2. nigroluteus, Cope 282
3. mocquardii, Bocourt .. 285
17. Opisthotropis, Gthr. .... 285
VEMGRA GLI wit ayeceys\s. -2O4
2. andersonii, Blgr. .... 284
3. rugosa, Jeude........ 284
4. typica, Mocg......... 285
18. Ischnognathus, D. § B. .. 285
1. kirtlandi, Kenn...... 286
2. dekayi, Holbr. ...... 286
3. occipitomaculatis, Storer 287
4. storerioides, Cope .... 288
Dvcopy, Cone. j.j62.....- 289
6. lineatus, Hadlow. 289
19. Amphiardis, Cope ...... 290
1. inornatus, Garm. .... 290
™, Haldea,2. & G...... 290
Me SUOMI AS rhe ssvarase Gs 291
21. Streptophorus, DGB. .. 291
1. diadematus, B. § G. 292
Page
2. labiosus, Bocourt .... 293
3. atratus, Hallow. ...... 298
22. Chersodromus, Teeinh..... 295
1. liebmanni, Reinh. .... 295
23, Hydrablabes, Blgr....... 296
1, periops, Gthr.. ... ac, 296
2. prefrontalis, Mocq. 297
24. Trachischium, CORR wth g
fuscum, Blyth nee oe 297
2. g uentheri, Bugr...05. 298
3. tenniceps, Blyth . 299
4. monticola, Cant.. 299
5. ? rubriventer, Jer dis: 300
25. Rhabdops, BLO ss Speuow & 300
1. olivaceus, Bedd. ...... 300
2. bicolon, Biyths ccs. % 301
25 a. Trirhinopholis, Blgr. .. 419
1. nuehalis, Blgr.. a5... 419
26, Plagiopholis, Blgr. ...... 301
1. blakewayi, Blgr....... 301
27. Oxyrhabdium, Blgr. 302
1. modestum, D. §- B. 302
2, leporinum, Gthr. .... 303
28. Xylophis, Redd... .... 5; 303
1, perroteti, D.G B. .... 304
2. stenorhynchus, Gthr... 504
29. Brachyorrhus, Boie...... 305
1. albany Beattie ae 305
50. Elapoides, Bote ........ 306
1, tuscuspoey 2c ie 307
Sl. Achalimag, \Pirgi:. 0... <a 308
1. rufescens, Blyr, 308
2. braconnieri, Sauv. .... 309
8. spinalis, Pig... <2 5-42 309
32. Haplocercus, Gthr. ...... 309
1, ceylonensis, Gthr. .... 309
33. Aspidura, W ‘agl.. sated 310
1. brachyorrhus, Bote dll
2. copii, Gthr. ...... peta 18k
3. guentheri, Ferg....... 312
4, trachyprocta, Cope 313
34. Blythia, Theob. ........ 313
1. reticulata, Blyth .... 314
35. Pseudoxyrhopus, Githr. .. 314
1, microps, Gthr. ...... 315
2. heterurus, Jan ...... 515
3. quinquelineatus, Gthr. 315
4. imerine, Grhr. 316
5
. punctatus, PUR A ele ee ONE
+36. 8, Blgrs av yer)”
i sechellensis, Schleg. ... 317
37 is, Blgr. bY, W318
1. rufulus, (8 ae Be 318
38. Tetralepis, Bttgr. ...... 319
1. fruhstorferi, Bitgr..... 320
| 39
. Lamprophis, Bites ne 520
xii
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
WR AUOTA Ey, hala they sty cee 321
2. inornatus, D. & B. .. 321
SUSY PES EQIoies ss x eiece 3,0 322
PE TISCUS PERLGT 3 --,ocs 30 322
40. Gonionotophis, Bigr..... 323
1. brussauxi, Mocg. .... 828
DMVOSSIIPPDECO I. arise clon: 323
3. gr antii, GihT eee . 24
41. Bothrophthalmus, Pérs... 324
MEMIN GAGS VEZ Ss wieters atete 324
42. Bothrolycus, Gthr. . aris to's 325
LS TEC 677) aN ar . 326
43. Cyclocorus, D. § B. .... 326
1. Iineatus, Fteih....... 3827
44, Bogdon, D. San Ay Aa 327
1. lemniscatus, D. § Bb... 829
2. geometricus, Schley. .. 529
3. infernalis, Gthr....... 35
4. virgatus, Hallow. .... 331
5. guttatus, Smith ...... B31
6. lineatus, D. §& B. . 332
7. fuliginosus, Bore .... 53
8. mentalis, Gthr....... Boe)
9. olivaceus, A. Dum. 33)
45. (ene ID sip Jb, 336
1. meleagris, Blgr....... 337
2. acutirostre, Gthr. .... 35
3. laterale, Hallow. 338
4, semiannulis, Ptrs..... 339
5. capense, Smith ...... 339
G: jackson, Bigr. 9... 0s. 340
7.irroratum, Leach .... 540
8. semicinctum, D. & B.. 341
9. abyssinicum, Blgr..... 342
10: fasciatum, Gthr:..... . 342
11. elapoides, Gthr. .. 3435
46, Hormonotus, Hallow..... 345
1. modestus, D. § B..... 843
47, Simocephalus, Gthr. .... 344
1. capensis, Smith ...... 345
mepuirali, Mocg.® <\:)..cne 346
3. poensis, Smith. ....... 346
Ae nyasse, GEA: 2. Nose 347
: 5. stenophthalmus, Mocg. 347
jameeo. Liyeodon, Dow ...:...... 348
il striatus, INMDBaie 6 boo 6 349
PRR OSGI |. sto oe somite 350
3. tessellatus, Jan ...... 351
4, anamallensis, G'thr. 3d1
VAM CUG Lr. oe sss weterelene 352
G6. laoensis, Gthr. ...... 354
7. travancoricus, Bedd... 355
8. effrenis, Canbissrewnennee 356
9. atropurpureus, Cant... 3: 56
ON StOTIAT Ws Ei Gieet ale ithe rsasehl« 357
11. albofuscus, D. & B. 357
Page
12. fasciatus, And. ...... 358
13. gammiei, Blanf....,.. 358
14. carinatus, Kuhl ...... 358
15. subcinctus, Bote...... 359
sanguiventer, Cant. .. 360
49, Dinodon, Dig B. 5 eee 360
ik rufozonatus, Can . 361
2. semicarinatus, Gee .. 362
3. septentrionalis, Gthr... 863
4, japonicus, Gthr....... 363
5. ? tessellatus, Hallow... 364
50. Stegonotus, D. OB POs
1. cucullatus, D. & B. .. 365
2. modestus, Schleg. . 366
3. heterurus, Bign ens 367
4. muelleri, D. & B. ..,. 367
5. batjanensis, Gthr. ..., 368
6. ? plumbeus, Macleay. . 368
7. dumerilii, Blgr. ...... 368
51. Dryocalamus, Gthr. .... 369
1. nympha, Daud....... 370
2. subannulatus, D. § B. 371
3. pracilis, Gir... ..2.: o71
4. davisonil, Blanf. .... 372
5. ty, istrig atus, Gthr. . a
52, Pate ae COpen mek. 373
1. cana. iL: RICE SE haem tas 373
Da. Aaocys, Cope soo. eee 374
1. dhumnades, Cant. .... 375
2. nigromarginatus, Blyth 376
3. luzonensis, Gthr. .... 377
4. carinatus, Gthr....... 377
Hetuscus, (Goin: oo. es 37
6. tenasserimensis, JV’.
ISICHGLEH Sue oe Stn fhe)
54. Zamenis, Wagl. ........ 379
1. dipsas, Schleg......... 383
2. korros, Schleg. ...... 384
Pane MNCOSUS, Lies)... eee. 385
tdey 4, OaXnce, Jan ........ 386
OS (CONSUICLON, as tala cae 387
G6. lineatus, Bocourt . 388
7. mentovarius, D. & B... 389
8. flagelliformis, Law. .. 389
9. teniatus, Hallow. .... 390
10. pulcherrimus, Cope .. 392
11. mexicanus, D. & B. .. 892
12. grahami, B. & G..... 393
TS apinals;: Pe.) . ca nies B94
14. gemonensis, Laur. .... 395
LS: Gabi Wile. «5h 8 oe 397
16. rhodorhachis, Jan .... 398
17. ventrimaculatus, Gray. 399
18. karelinii, Brandt . 401
19. elegantissimus, Gthr... 402
20. florulentus, Geoffi..... 402
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. xili
PERCU IS GEN. cee e es 404
. fasciolatus, Shaw .... 404
23. ravergieri, Ménétr..... 405
24. nummifer, Reuss. .... 407
25. soeotrm, Gthr. ...... 408
MO GIPITNG, JAN ........ 408
27. hippocrepis, Z. ...... 409
28. dorri, Lataste........ 410
29. diadema, Schleg....... 411
VOL. I.
Page
30. arenarius, Blgr....... 413
31. microlepis, Jan ...... 413
55, Lytorhynchus, Pfrs. .... 414
1. diadema, D. § B..... 415
2. ridgewayi, Blgr....... 415
3. paradoxus, Gthr. .... 416
4, decurtatus, Cope .... 417
5. brownii, Stejn. ...... 417
CATALOGUE
OF
SNAKES.
Order OPHIDIA *
“Quadrate bone articulated to the skull; brain-capsule entirely
osseous ; rami of the mandible united by ligament. Anal cleft trans-
verse. Copulatory organs present, paired.”’—Giinther, Phil. Trans.
elvii. 1867, p. 625.
Synopsis of the Families.
I. No ectopterygoid (transpalatine) ; pterygoid not extending to
quadrate or mandible ; no supratemporal ; prefrontal forming
a suture with nasal; coronvid present ; vestiges of pelvis.
Maxillary vertical, loosely attached, toothed; mandible edentulous ;
a single pelvic bone. -1. Typhlopidz, Vol. I. p. 3.
Maxillary bordering mouth, forming a suture with premaxillary,
prefrontal, and frontal, toothless; lower jaw toothed; pubis
and ischium present, latter forming a symphysis. P
~2. Glaueontide, Vol. 1. p. 57. 5)
II. Eetopterygoid present ; both jaws toothed.
A. Coronoid present ; prefrontal in contact with nasal.
1. Vestiges of hind limbs; supratemporal present.
Supratemporal large, suspending quadrate.
‘3. Boidew, Vol. I. p. 71.
Supratemporal small, intercalated in the cranial wall.
4, Ilysiide, Vol. I. p. 131.
* The author now regards the Snakes as forming only a Suborder ( Ophidia)
of the Order Syuamata, Oppel, equivalent to the Suborders Lacertilia and
Rhiptoglossa, which have been dealt with in the ‘Catalogue of Lizards,’
Of. Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 52 (1890), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 117.
VOL, I. B
bo
OPHIDIA.
2. No vestiges of limbs ; supratemporal absent.
5. Uropeltidz, Vol. I. p. 137.
B. Coronoid absent ; supratemporal present.
1. Maxillary horizontal; pterygoid reaching quadrate or
mandible.
Prefrontal bone in contact with nasal.
6. Xenopeltidx, Vol. I. p. 167.
Prefrontal not in contact with nasal.
- 7. Colubridx, Vol. I. p. 169.
2. Maxillary horizontal, converging posteriorly towards
palatine; pterygoid not reaching quadrate or mandible.
8. Amblycephalide.
3. Maxillary vertically erectile perpendicularly to ecto-
pterygoid; pterygoid reaching quadrate or mandible.
- 9. Viperide.
No serial arrangement can convey a correct idea of the affinities
of the various groups as conceived by the classificator. A diagram
is therefore appended illustrating the author’s views on the classifi-
cation of the Ophidia, and, to a certain extent, their phylogeny.
Leaving aside the Typhlopes and Glauconiw, which should be
regarded as degraded burrowing types independently derived from
some Ophidian form less specialized than any with which we are at
present acquainted, the family Borde, and more specially the Pythons,
claim the position of ancestral group from which all other Ophidia
may have been derived, in the manner illustrated by the diagram.
This, if rightly conceived, shows how unnatural a classification
into poisonous and harmless Snakes is. The Elapoids, for instance,
long regarded as forming the passage from the Colubroids to the
Vipers, stand apart, the author considering the Viperine maxillary
as derived from the Opisthoglyphous type.
9. Viperide.
8. Amblycephalide.
5. Uropeltide. Ta. C. Opisthoglypha. 7b. C. Proteroglypha.
L er a
4. Llysiide. 6. Xenopeltide. 7. Colubride (Aglypha).
| |
pa ee!)
1. Lyphlopide. 3. Bode. 2. Glauconiide.
TYPHLOPID®. 5
The lettering of the bones is the same in all the figures of skulls
in this work, and reads as follows :—
an, Angular. pl. Palatine.
ar. Articular. pm, Premaxillary.
bo. Basioccipital. pif. Prefrontal.
bs. Basisphenoid. pro. Prodtic.
cor. Coronoid. pg. Pterygoid.
ca. Columella auris: ptf. Postfrontal.
d. Dentary. g. Quadrate.
eo. Exoccipital. so. Supraoccipital.
epg. Ectopterygoid. sor. ees
Jf. Frontal. sp. Splenial.
m. Maxillary. ste. Supratemporal.
n. Nasal. tw. Turbinal.
p. Parietal. v. Vomer.
Fam. 1. TYPHLOPIDA.
Anguiformes, part., Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 49, 1811.
Imbricate, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
Angiostomata Typhlopina, J. Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. p. 269,
1831.
Scolécophides Typhlopiens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 256,
1844.
Typhlopsidz, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 130, 1845.
Opotérodontes Epanodontiens, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. p. 422,
1853.
Typhlopide, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 9, 1863.
Scolecophidia, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 230.
Typhlopide, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 170, 1864.
Typhlopes, Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 68, and Reise n.
Mossamb. iii. p. 90, 1886.
Typhlopide, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 481, 1886.
Typhlopide, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 234, 1890.
Cranial bones solidly united; no ectopterygoid; pterygoid not
extending to quadrate or mandible; no supratemporal ; prefrontal
forming a suture with nasal; maxillary loosely attached, with a
few teeth disposed transversely to the axis of the skull; no teeth on
palate. Mandible edentulous; coronoid bone present. Vestiges
of pelvis, reduced to a single bone oneach side. Body covered with
uniform cycloid scales; eyes under the shields.
South Europe; South Asia; Africa; Australia; Tropical
America.
Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Head with large shields.
A pair of large prefrontals and a frontal; nostril between two
PMR | lores, «so» A acneln ... 1. Helminthophis, p. 4.
B2
4 TYPHLOPID™®.
Nasal shield very large, divided or semidivided, extending on each
side of the rostral to the upper surface of the head.
2. Typhlops, p. 7.
II. Head covered with small uniform scales.
3. Typhlophis, p. 57.
Skull of Zyphlops lumbricalis.
1. HELMINTHOPHIS.
Rhinotyphlops (non Fitz.), Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 40.
Helminthophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 517, and Sits. Ges.
naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 69; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 502
1882).
Tae anicns Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1861, p. 6, and Arch. Zool. Anat.
Phys. i. 1862, p. 186, and Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 32 (1864).
Liotyphlops, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 69; Bocourt,
op. cit. p. 501.
A pair of large prefrontals and a frontal; nostril between two
nasals.
Tropical America.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Preefrontals in contact behind the rostral.
Ocular shield in contact with the third
upperfabial:.. 2.0.2... We 8 Sor 1. flavoterminatus, p. 5.
Ocular separated from the labials by a sub-
Brinaeulair Ae Sa vas er 2. jrontalis, p. 5.
1. HELMINTHOPHIS, 5
II. Prefrontals separated, the rostral forming a suture with the
frontal.
Eye under the ocular, which is separated
from the labials by a subocular; two
superposed preoculars ............ 3. petersti, p. 6.
Eye under the ocular, which is in contact
with the third upper labial; a single
COMED elie g oro, <. 0st o's ova gem 4, guentheri, p. 6.
Eye under the suture between the prxe-
frontal and the ocular, which is sepa-
rated from the labials by a subocular.. 5. albirostris, p. 6.
1. Helminthophis flavoterminatus.
Typhlops flavoterminatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 402, and
Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 43; Giinth. Tr. R. Soc. Mauritius, iv. 1870,
pp. 63, 139.
-Idiotyphlops flavoterminatus, Jan, ll. ce. Icon. 1. 1, pls. v. & vi.
fig. 10 (1860).
Helminthophis flavoterminatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881,
p- 69.
Rostral not half the width of the head, not extending to the level
of the eyes, separated from the frontal by the prafrontals, which
form a suture with each other; frontal broad ; two superposed pree-
oculars and a subocular; eye distinguishable under the ocular ;
four upper labials, first largest, third in contact with the ocular.
Diameter of body 50 to 60 times in the total length; tail as long
as broad or a little longer than broad, rounded. 24 scales round
the body. Brown, each scale darker in the centre; head and tail
yellow.
Total length 300 millim.
Venezuela.
a-c, Ad, & her. Venezuela. Dr. Seeman [P.].
d-e, Ad. Caracas. Dr. Ernst [P.].
fg. Ad. & her. Caracas.
h. Ad. Rio Juan.
7, Ad. Mauritius (imported). L. Bouton, Esq. [P.]}.
2. Helminthophis frontalis.
Typhlops (Helminthophis) frontalis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860,
p. 517, pl. —. fig. 1.
Helminthophis frontalis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 502,
Rostral not half the width of the head, not extending to the level
of the eyes, separated from the frontal by the prefrontals, which
form a suture with each other; frontal broad; a single preocular
and two suboculars ; eye distinguishable under the ocular, which is
very small; four upper labials, first largest. Diameter of body
6 TYPHLOPIDE.
58 times in the total length; tail once and a half as long as broad,
rounded. 22 scales round the body. Dark brown; head and anal
region whitish.
Total length 158 millim.
Costa Rica.
3. Helminthophis petersii. (Puxarz I. fig. 1.)
Helminthophis petersii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889,
p. 360.
Rostral half the width of the head, extending to between the
eyes, truncate posteriorly, and forming a broad suture with the
frontal ; two superposed preeoculars and a subocular; eye distin-
guishable under the ocular; four upper labials, first largest, third in-
contact with the subocular. Diameter of body 55 times in the,
total length; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20°
scales round the body. Brown, each scale darker in the centre;
snout and anal region yellowish.
Total length 110 millim.
Ecuador.
a. Guayaquil. Mr. Fraser [C.]. (Type.)
4. Helminthophis guentheri. (Purare I. fig. 2.)
Helminthophis guentheri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889,
p- 361.
Rostral one third the width of the head, extending to the level of
the eyes, rounded posteriorly and forming a suture with the frontal,
which is very broad; a single preocular; no subocular; eye dis-
tinguishable under the ocular; four upper labials, first largest, third
in contact with the ocular. Diameter of body 50 times in the
total length ; tail twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 20
scales round the body. Olive-brown above, head white; yellowish
inferiorly, with small scattered olive spots.
Total length 170 millim.
Brazil.
a. Ad. Porto Real, Proy. Rio Janeiro. M. Hardy du Dréneuf
[C.]. (Type-)
b-c. Ad. Porto Real. M. Hardy du Dréneuf
fOr):
5. Helminthophis albirostris.
Rhinotyphlops albirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 402.
Liotyphlops albirostris, Peters, Sitz. Ges. natu:f. Fr. 1881, p. 69;
Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mev., Rept. p. 501, pl. xxx. fig. 1 (1882).
rteane (Idiotyphlops) emunetus, Garman, N. Am. Rept. i. p. 3
2. TYPHLOPS. 7
Helminthophis emunctus, Cope, Bull, US. Nat. Mus, no. 32, 1887,
p. 91.
Rostral very large, half the width of the head, extending beyond
the level of the eyes, in contact with the frontal, which is broad;
no preocular; two suboculars; eye distinguishable, under the
suture between the prefrontal and the ocular; four upper labials,
first largest, second in contact with the prefrontal. 22 scales
round the body. Black, each scale with a reddish-brown border ;
head whitish.
Total length 158 millim.
Isthmus of Panama.
2. TYPHLOPS *.
Typhlops, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 339 (1801) ; Merr. Tent.
p. 158 (1820); Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 25 (1826); Wagl. Syst.
Amph. p. 195 (1830).
Typhlops, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 279 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. Liz.
p. 152 (1845) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 7 (1864); Giinth. Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 172 (1864) ; Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 70;
Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 499 (1882); Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 255 (1890).
Typhlina, Wag. 1. c. p. 196 ; Giinth. 1. c. p. 171; Peters, 1. e. p. 70.
Pilidion, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 257 (1844).
Ophthalmidion, Dum. § Bibr. 1. ec. p. 262.
Cathetorhinus, Dum. § Bibr. 1. c. p. 268; Peters, 1. c. p. 70.
Onychocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. l. c. p. 272; Giinth. 1. c. p. 177;
Peters, l. c. p. 70.
Onychophis, Gray, /. ¢. p. 152.
Typhlinalis, Gray, J. c. p. 154.
Anilios (non Oken), Gray, l. c. p. 135.
Argyrophis, Gray, l. ¢. p. 156.
Meditoria, Gray, 1. c. p. 139.
Diaphorotyphlops, Jan, Elenco, p. 10 (1863) ; Peters, 1. e. p. 70.
Letheobia, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 322; Peters, l. c. p. 70.
Gerrhopilus, Peters, /. c. p. 69.
Gryptotyphlops, Peters, 1. ¢. p. 70.
Aspidorhynchus, Peter's, 1. ¢. p.70.
Prefrontal single and small; frontal small; nasal large, single
or divided into two.
South Europe ; South Asia; Africa ; Tropical America ; Australia,
Synopsis of the Species.
I. No preocular; no subocular; ocular in contact with the second
and third labials.
Snout rounded ; nostrils inferior; 22 scales
Rammnuendy .... . + cde lelas = ere 1. lineatus, p. 15.
* T. wilderi, Garm. Science Observer, iv. 1883, p. 48, from Brazil, is insuffi-
ciently characterized.
8 TYPHLOPID®.
Snout with angular edge ; nostrils inferior ;
26 or 28 scales round the body........ 2. unilineatus, p. 15.
Snout with angular edge; nostrils lateral ; [p. 15.
1@ Scales round the body >.< :....-. cm, u- 3. melanocephalus,
II. A preocular, in contact with the second, third, or second and
third labials ;.no subocular ; ocular in contact with labials.
A. Snout rounded ; nostrils lateral}. .
1. Preocular in contact with the second and third labials.
a. Nasal cleft, or suture dividing the nasal, proceeding from
the preeocular.
20 scales round the body .............- 4. braminus, p. 16.
22, scales round the body .............. 5. accedens, p. 17.
b, Nasal cleft proceeding from the second labial.
a. Nasals in contact behind the rostral.
1S Seales ‘round the ‘body -\).° . seme = = 6. beddomii, p. 18.
28 sales round the body’... ....:.2...0% 7. jagori, p. 18.
f. Nasals separated by the preefrontal.
* Nasal cleft extending to the upper surface of the
snout ; 22 scales round the body.
Rostral about one third the width of the
ess eis. |. 3S ash Se ee a ee 8. leucomelas, p. 18.
Rostral hardly one fourth the width of the
BIBL is 0s oo ate ts ese eee 9. jerdoni, p. 19.
** Nasal cleft not extending to the upper surface of
the snout.
+ Nasal not completely divided into two.
~ 18 scales round the body; diameter of body
60 to 90 times in the total length.
Rostral about one third the width of the
11200 ese clos 352 Sos ets 3 10. porrectus, p. 19.
Rostral nearly half the width of the head.. 11. guentheri, p. 20.
tt 20 scales round the body; diameter of body
40 to 65 times in the total length.
Rostral one third the width of the head .. 12. leucoproctus, p. 20.
1 This arrangement into species with lateral or inferior nostrils is not perfectly
satisfactory, and in some doubtful cases it will be necessary to try both divi-
sions of this synopsis,
2. TYPHLOPS. i)
Rostral two fifths the width of the head .. 13. comorensis, p. 21.
Rostral more than half the width of the
OEM YK s65d . o's,- «su 6 2.0 SO 25. thurstonii, p. 26.
fff 22 or more scales round the body ; diameter of
body 29 times or more in the total length.
§ Tail not longer than broad, ending in a
spine.
{{ Rostral one third, or hardly one third,
but more than one fourth, the width of
the head.
24 scales round the body; preocular
broader than the ocular ............ 14. socotranus, p. 21.
22 or 24 scales round the body; rostral
rather more than one third the width of
the head; diameter of body 40 times or
more in the total length ............ 15. vermicularis, p. 21.
24 or 26 scales round the body ; diameter
of body not 40 times in the total length.. 16. diardi, p. 22.
24 scales round the body ; three concavities p..23.
or pits under the snout .............. 17. bothriorhynchus,
22 scales round the body; rostral not
quite one third the width of the head .. 19. siamensis, p. 24.
26 scales round the body ; przocular a little
broader than the ocular.............. 20. nigroalbus, p. 24,
4/4] Rostral hardly one fourth the width of
the head, not extending to the level
of the eyes; 24 scales round the body.
18. oatesii, p. 23.
4/44] Rostral half the width of the head,
not extending to the level of the eyes ;
26 or 28 scales round the body.
21. muelleri, p. 25.
§§ Tail slightly longer than broad, rounded at
the end, without spine; 24 scales round
the body........ 22. madagascariensis,
[p. 25.
$$$ Tail longer than broad, ending in a spine ;
22 scales round the body.
Rostral about one third the width of the
[oT ke ae \ es , 23. flaviventer, p. 25.
Rostral nearly half the width of the head. 24. theobaldianus,
[p. 26,
10 TYPHLOPID A.
tttt 26 scales round the body ; diameter of body
26 times in the total length.
28. schneideri, p. 27.
ttttt 20 scales round the body; diameter of
body 22 to 30 times in the total length.
29. reticulatus, p. 27.
+t Nasal completely divided into two.
2 scales round the body ....'... 0.2% 26. acuticauda, p. 26.
22 scales round the body ........:2.... 27. aluensis, p. 27.
18 seales round the body .-.......... 30. tenws, p. 28.
c. Nasal cleft proceeding from the first labial.
20 scales round the body .............. 31. filiformis, p. 29.
22 scales round the body... 5.220... 32. temminckit, p. 29.
2. Preocular in contact with the third labial only.
a. Nasal incompletely divided.
30"scales round the body ;...... nm. a4. 33. ruficauda, p. 29.
24 or 26 scales round the body.......... 34. kraali, p. 30.
b. Nasal completely divided into two.
24 scales round the body. +... -hies ssh 35. platycephalus, p.30.
20 or 22 scales round the body.......... 36. lumbricalis, p. 31.
18 scales round the body ; tail longer than
LOR) sos soos ace setae woe oe es Oe 37. eviguus, p. 31.
18 scales round the body ; tail broader than
Man 8, Peo 5 alee eee toe he Wise oe 38. cecatus, p. 32.
B. Snout rounded ; nostrils inferior.
1. Rostral narrow, not more than one third the width of the
head. .
a. Nasal cleft not extending to the upper surface of the
snout, which is much depressed; 22 scales round the
body.
Diameter of body 30 times in the total
length; tail broader than long........ 39. cuneirostris, p. 32.
Diameter of body 58 times in the total
length ; tail longer than broad........ 41. depressus, p. 33.
b. Nasal cleft extending to the upper surface of the snout.
24 scales round the body ; nasal cleft pro-
ceeding from the first labial .......... 44. ligatus, p. 34.
22 scales round the body ; nasal cleft* pro-
ceeding trom the second labial ........ 45. torresianus, p. 34.
2. TYPHLOPS. 11
2. Rostral more than one third the width of the head.
a. Nasal cleft proceeding from the second labial.
a. Rostral not half the width of the head. ™
* Preocular narrower than the ocular; 22 scales
round the body ........ 40. verticalis, p. 32.
** Preeocular larger than the ocular.
22 scales round the body .............. 42. longissimus, p. 33.
18 scales round the body .............. 43. conradi, p. 33.
(. Rostral at least half the width of the head.
* Przeocular narrower than the ocular.
22 scales round the body............... 48. australis, p. 35.
20 scales round the body .............. 49, wiedii, p. 36.
24 scales round the body .............. 53. mucronatus, p. 37.
** Prosocular as broad as the ocular.
20 scales round the body ; tail longer than
RENE UI AGB eles che ais vans» Gave anal Siete 50. exoceti, p. 36.
22 scales round the body ; tail longer than
(UES Ni ay ier 51. bipartitus*, p. 37.
22 scales round the body; tail as long as :
CMe MRR E ey duly oes e's wise mo 52, tenuicollis, p. 37.
b. Nasal cleft extending from the first labial to the upper
surface of the snout; 22 scales round the body.
Rostral extending to the level of the eyes.. 46. polygrammicus,
Rostral not extending to the level of the [p. 34.
LCR Sea OS rer 47. regine, p. 35.
c. Nasal cleft proceeding from the first labial, not ex-
tending to the upper surface of the snout; tail broader
than long.
a. 18 or 20 scales round the body. 54. elegans, p. 37.
B. 22 or 24 scales round the body.
Diameter of body 66 times in the total
lengthy. sii... ” 2 Dasieeght OEE iba ono 55. decorosus, p. 38.
Diameter of body 43 to 50 times in the
OUD LGU Qe ISS Ral Sa AR REIS 56. obtusus, p. 38.
Diameter of body 23 to 30 times in the total
enue eee... 3 a tle eee ee 57. fornasinii, p. 38.
y- 30 scales round the body .... 58. blanfordii, p. 39.
' The place assigned to this species in the present synopsis may prove
incorrect on examination of the type specimens, the original description being
insufficient.
12 TYPHLOPID®.
C. Snout not hooked, with obtusely angular horizontal edge ;
nostrils inferior.
1. Eye not distinguishable.
a. 26 to 32 scales round the middle of the body ; diameter
of body 19 to 28 times in the total length.
Nasal cleft proceeding from the first labial ;
middle dorsal scales larger than the
GUNSIB es sas sa late Ole ade RR 60. congicus, p. 40.
Nasal cleft proceeding irom the first labial ;
three upper labials.....°° 2. aaaeicerer 61. hallowelliz, p. 40.
Nasal cleft proceeding on the lower
lateral border of the rostral.......... 62. anchiete, p. 40.
b. 24 scales round the middle of the body ; diameter of body
53 times in the total length.. 65. buchholzi, p. 41.
2. Eye distinguishable.
a. cues of body 44 to 50 times in the total length ; 20
22 scales round the middle of the body.
59. boettgert, p. 39.
b. Diameter of body 21 to 36 times in the total length.
Nasal completely divided into two; 24
scales round the middle of the body.... 63. mossambicus, p. 41.
Nasal incompletely divided; 22 or 24 scales
round the middle of the body ; ocular in
contact with the second, third, and fourth
Da DIAIS § evade coe Pasees ee Lee eee 64, tettensis, p. 41.
Nasal semidivided; 24 to 30 scales round
the middle of the body ; preocular not
more than half as broad as the ocular .. 66. punctatus, p. 42.
Nasal semidivided ; 30 to 32 scales round
the middle of the body; preocular a
little narrower than the ocular........ 67. bibronit, p. 44.
D. Snout more or less distinctly hooked in profile, or with sharp
cutting horizontal edge ; nostrils inferior.
1. 28 to 42 scales round the body; snout not hooked.
a. Nasal cleft extending from the first labial to the nostril.
a. The portion of the rostral visible from below broader
than long.
2. TYPHLOPS. ile
40 to 42 scales round the middle of the
body, the diameter of which is 25 to 30
timespimrune total -........ 00s comes 68. schlegelit, p. 44.
28 to 30 scales round the middle of the
body, the diameter of which is 35 to 50
Pees ieGne DOLaL 6. eke ee past ae eee 69. delalandii, p. 45.
34 to 40 scales round the middle of the
body, the diameter of which is 42 to 46
MUGS CHE OCA oe. wn ee ewe e ee 70. dinga, p. 45.
B. The portion of the rostral visible from below as long as
broad ; 30 to 38 scales round the body.
Preocular two thirds the width of the
ocular, partly covering the eye........ 71. humbo, p. 46.
Preocular not two thirds the width of the
CATES aloe Me be een kee 72. mucruso, p. 46.
b. Nasal cieft extending from the lower lateral border of the
rostral to the nasal; 28 to 30 scales round the body.
73. anomalus, p. 47.
2. 26 scales round the middle of the body; snout strongly
[9012 Te, bee aa en Pr ae n 74. schinzi, p. 47.
3. 18 to 24 scales round the body.
a. Eye distinguishable.
a. Diameter of body less than 50 times in the total length.
24 scales round the body; rostral with
obtusely angular edge ..............
22 scales round the body; rostral with
5. curvirostris, p. 48.
~
sli) OP Sta pr 76. bicolor, p. 48.
20 scales round the body ; snout trilobate.. 77. bituberculatus,
[p. 48.
B. Diameter of body 50 times or more in the total length.
* Tail not twice as long as broad,
22 or 24 scales round the body; tail not
Weer GNET DROME oc... +.» sous cn ne as 78. unguirostris, p. 49.
18 scales round the body ; tail about once
and a half as long as broad .......... 79. affinis, p. 49.
20 scales round the body; tail not much
POMP er GHA BEOAG .... 0... .0secnane 80. arenarius, p. 49.
** Tail twice to twice and a half as long as broad;
20 or 22 scales round the body.
Rostral extending to between the eyes.... 81. multilineatus, p. 50.
Rostral not extending to between the
RIM oad we Simin: Wo) = gn ma eee 82. olivaceus, p. 50.
14 TYPHLOPID®.
*** Tail 4 or 5 times as long as broad; 24 scales
round the body ........ 83. cumingir, p. 51.
b. Eye not distinguishable; 20 or 22 scales round the
body.
Nasal cleft extending from the nostril to
Phe rshlabial ©... 2. .qcke seme eee ee 84. simoni, p. 51.
Nasal cleft extending from the nostril to
he secone Labial .:2).< . seonstene’ store 85. crossit, p. D2.
III. A preocular and one or two suboculars.
A. Snout rounded.
1. Preocular not in contact with the labials ; 18 scales round
the body.
a. Two suboculars.
Ocular in contact with the fourth labial .. 86. mirus, p. 52.
Ocular separated from the labials........ 87. andamanensis,
rp, 52
[p. 92
6. A single subocular............ 88. ater, p. 53.
2. Preeocular in contact with one or more labials ; a single
subocular.
a. Rostral narrow; 18 scales round the body.
Preocular in contact with the second and
LpirGelaials ~ <oe cese cevrecaiete «elle enone re ee 89. disparilis, p. 53.
Preocular in contact with the second
Weuaellt (22, 8rd. S8 ic eras eke arate eee 90. microstomus, p. 53.
b. Rostral nearly half the width of the head.
20 scales round the body; preeocular in
contact with the second, third, and fourth
Vajotale:. *. sscre Gisleke ig aoe ee cuatro 91. inornatus, p. 54.
22 scales round the body; praocular in
contact with the second and third labials. 92. pallidus, p. 54.
B. Snout with sharp horizontal edge.
1. Eye not distinguishable.
[p. 54,
18 scales round the body ............-. 93. lumbriciformis,
22 scales round the body ..........---- 94. cccus, p. 55.
28 scales round the body .............- 95. newtonti, p. 55.
2. Eye distinguishable under the nasal shield.
25 to 27 scales round the body .......... 96. uniteniatus, p. 55.
28 to 36 scales round the body.......... 97. acutus, p. 56.
2. TYPHLOPS. 1S
1. Typhlops lineatus.
Typhlops lineatus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 563; Schleg. Abbild. p. 39,
pl. xxxii. figs. 32-34 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 7, 1. 1, pls. v. &
vi. fig. 9 (1860).
Pilidion lineatum, Dum, § Bibr. vi. p. 259 (1844) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal.
Rept. p. 50 (1847).
Typhlinalis lineatum, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 134 (1845).
ATT lineata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 171, pl. xvi. fig. B
(1864).
Snout rounded, strongly projecting, flat inferiorly; nostrils
inferior. Rostral very large; nasal semidivided, the cleft pro-
ceeding from the first labial; a single large shield (the ocular) on
each side behind the nasal; eyes hidden ; prefrontal, supraoculars,
and parietals large, transverse; four upper labials. Diameter of
body 40 to 60 times in the total length; tail about as long as
broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Blackish
above, each scale with a yellowish spot, or yellowish or pale
brownish with dark brown longitudinal lines running between the
series of scales; head and lower parts yellowish white.
Total length 480 millim.
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
a. Ad. Singapore. General Hardwicke [ P.}.
b. Ad. Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
e-d. Ad. Malacca. D. F. A. Hervey, Esq. [P.].
e-h. Ad. & her. Salak, Java. . R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. [ P.].
i,k, l. Ad. & hgr. Java.
mn. Ad. K. Indies.
o, Her. Hong Kong (?). C. Bowring, Esq. [P. ].
2. Typhlops unilineatus.
Onychocephalus unilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 278 (1844).
Typhlops unilineatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 29, 1. 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 2
(1864).
Snout strongly projecting, with angular horizontal edge ; nostrils
inferior. Rostral about half the width of the head ; nasal semi-
divided ; a single large shield (the ocular) on each side behind the
nasal; eyes distinguishable; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged.
Diameter of body about 50 times in the total length. 26 or 28
scales round the body. Olive-brown above, with a black vertebral
streak.
Total length 310 millim.
Cayenne.
3. Typhlops melanocephalus.
Cathetorhinus melanocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 270 (1844) ;
Peters, Mon. Berl. Ag, 1865, p. 263, pl. —. fig. 6.
Typhlops melanocephalus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 8, 1. 1, pls. v. & vi.
fig. 8 (1860).
16 TYPHLOPID A.
Snout strongly projecting, with angular horizontal edge; nostrils
lateral. Rostral very large, about three fifths the width of the
head ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ;
a single large shield (the ocular) on each side behind the nasal ;
eyes hidden; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged; four upper
labials. Diameter of body about 50 times in the total length;
tail nearly twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales
round the body. Uniform dark brown; head black.
Total length 180 millim.
Hab. (3
4, Typhlops braminus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xliii. (1796).
Eryx braminus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 279 (1803).
Tortrix russellii, Merr. Tent, p. 84 (1820).
Typhlops braminus, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 73 (1829); Dum. &
Bibr. vi. p. 309 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 12, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v.
fig. 16 (1864); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 175, pl. xvi. fig. 1 (1864) ;
Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 263; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xxxix. 1870, p. 370; Stolczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 425 ;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 125 (1876); Boettg. Abh. Senck.
Ges. xi. 1879, p. 459, pl. 1. fig. 1; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. ii.
p. 91 (1882); Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 374 (1884) ; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 236 (1890).
russellii, Schleg. Abbild. p. 59 (1844).
Argyrophis truncatus, Gray, Cat. Inz. p. 188 (1845).
bramicus, Gray, l. c.
Onychocephalus capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. i.
fig. 3, & pl. liv. figs. 9-16 (1845).
? Ophthalmidium tenue, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 497.
Typhlops inconspicuus, Jan, Elenco, p. 11 (1863).
tenuis (non Salv.), Giinth. op. cit. p. 176, pl. xvi. fig. C.
pammeces, Giinth. op. cit. p. 444; Theob. op. cit. p. 125.
reuteri, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1881, p. 650.
? Typhlops lenzi, Boettg. Zool. Anz, 1882, p. 478.
Typhlops euproctus, Boettg. 1. c. p. 479.
Rostral narrow, its upper portion hardly one third the width of
the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes; nostril
between two nasals, the anterior (lower) of which extends to the
upper surface of the head and is in contact inferiorly with the prae-—
ocular ; prefrontal nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with
the second and third labials; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a
little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 35 to 55 times in the total length; tail as long
as or a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales
round the body. Brown or blackish above, lighter inferiorly ;
snout, anal region, and end of tail usually whitish.
Total length 175 millim.
South Asia; islands of the Indian Ocean; Africa south of the
Equator.
2, YYPHLOPS. 17
a. Ad. Muscat, Arabia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
6, Ad. Kxurrachee. Kurrachee Museum | E. }.
e-d. Ad. & hgr, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. AG
e-f. Ad. Fizabad, Oude. Major A. E. Wilkinson [P.].
g-t. Ad. Bengal. General Hardwicke [P.].
k. Her. Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
7. Many specs. Dumagudem, Goda- W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
very Valley.
m. Her. Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
(Type of 7. pammeces.)
n. Yo. Bangalore. FE. A. Minchin, Esq. [P.].
o-s. Ad. & hgr. Salem. Col. Beddome [C.].
é a specs., Balarangams. Col. Beddome [C.].
gr. & yg
u. Xe. S. Canara. Col. Beddome [C. }.
v-w. Ad. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C. ].
xv. Many specs. ‘Tinnevelly Hills. Col. Beddome [C. ].
y. Ad. Ceylon. Sir J. Banks [P.].
z-a. Ad. & hgr. Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [C.].
B-y. Her. Formosa, R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C. ].
|. Ad. Formosa. M. Dickson, Esq. [P.].
g “kx. Ad. & hgr. Hong Kong. J.J. Walker, Esq. [P.].
".. Her. Hong Kong. C. Bowring, Esq. [P.].
p-v. Ye. Yimmana, Upper E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.].
Burma.
é-. Hgr. & yg. Moulmein. E. W. Oates, Esq. [ P.].
p. Ad. Bangkok.
o-r. Ad.&hgr. Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
v-o. Ad. & her. Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.].
aa-cc. Ad. & Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. ‘C.].
her. (Types of A, truncatus.)
dd. Hgr. S. Negros. A. Everett, Esq. [C. ].
ee. Ad. Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
Jf. Ad. N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C. ].
gg. Hgr. Mauritius. L. Bouton, Esq. { P.].
hh. Ad. Tamatave. Rev. W. D. Cowan [C.].
w—nn. Ad. & Johanna, Comoro Ids. C. Bewsher, Esq. [C.].
her.
oo-rr. Ad.& Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.]
her. (Types of O. capensis.)
ss, Ad. Cape Town. Trustees of the S.-African
Museum [ P.]}.
5. Typhlops accedens.
Typhlops accedens, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 16,1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 15
(1864),
Snout round and moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
about one third the width of .the head, not extending quite to the
level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the lower of which is
in contact with the preocular; latter shield nearly as large as the
ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eye distinct ;
supraocular and parietal strongly enlarged ;*four upper labials.
Diameter of body 60 times in the total length; tail once and a
VOL. I. c
18 TYPHLOPID®.
half as long as broad, ending in a spine. ¥%2 scales round the body.
Pinkish white, each scale reddish brown at the base; end of snout
yellowish.
Total length 150 millim.
East Indies.
6. Typhlops beddomii. (Prare I. fig. 3.)
Typhlops beddomii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 237 (1890).
Snout round and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral
narrow, its upper portion hardly one third the width of the head,
not extending to the level of the eyes ; nostril between two nasals,
the anterior or lower of which is in contact with the first
and second labials, the upper forming a suture with its fellow
behind the rostral; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular ;
eyes distinct; upper head-shields a little larger than the scales on
the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 20 to 40 times in
the total length; tail a little longer than broad, not ending in
spine, the terminal scale obtusely conical. 18 scales round the bo.*
Brown above, lighter inferiorly; usually a more or less distinct darké\" “
vertebral ngs : fond of snout and chin and anal region whitish.
Total length 125 millim.
Hills of Southern India.
a-d. Ad. & Kimedy Hills, Vizagapatam Col. Beddome [C.]. }
her. district.
et. Ad, & Anamallays, 2000-5000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.].
her. >(Types.)
k-l, m-n. Travancore Hills, 2500- Col. Beddome [C. ].
Ad. & 3000 ft.
her.
7. Typhlops jagori.
Typhlops jagorii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684.
Snout depressed, rounded; nostrils lateral. Upper portion of
rostral elliptic, about half as broad as the head; nasals in contact
behind the rostral; preocular present, in contact with the third
labial only; prefrontal larger than the frontal; supraoculars
smaller than the parietals; four upper labials, second twice as
large as first. 28 scales round the body. Deep black above,
yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 220 millim.
Luzon, Philippines.
8. Typhlops leucomelas. (Puarn I. fig. 4.)
Typhlops leucomelas, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 237 (1890).
Snout rounded ‘and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral.
Rostral narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the
2, TYPHLOPS, 19
head, extending to between the eyes; nostril between two nasals,
the anterior of which is in contact with the first and second labials
and extends to the upper surface of the head; a preocular, nearly
as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes distinct; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on
the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 32 times in the
total length ; tail slightly longer than broad, ending in a point. ‘22
scales round the body. LBlackish brown above, pure white in-
feriorly.
Total length 130 millim,
Ceylon.
a. Haycock Mountain, 2000 ft., 40 miles from Col. Beddome [C.]
Point de Galle. (Type.)
9. Typhlops jerdoni. (Ptare I. fig. 5.)
Typhlops jerdoni, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 238 (1890).
Snout rounded and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral.
Rostral very narrow, its upper portion hardly one fourth the width
of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nostril between
two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first and
second labials and extends to the upper surface of the head; a
preocular, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the seeond
and third labialg; eyes distinct; supraoculars and parietals much
larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter
of body 37 to 46 times in the total length; tail a little longer than
broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Brown above,
lighter inferiorly ; end of snout, anal region, and lower surface of
tail whitish.
Total length 230 millim.
Khasi Hills.
a-c, Ad. & yg. Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. (Types.)
10. Typhlops porrectus.
Typhlops tenuis (non Salv.), Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 10, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v.
fig. 13 (1864).
porrectus, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 426,
pl. xxv. figs. 1-4; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 124 (1876);
Blanf. 2nd Yark. Miss., Rept. p. 21 (1878); Murray, Zool. Sind,
p. 374 (1884) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 240 (1890).
Snout round and moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head,
not extending quite to the level of the eyes, which are very in-
distinct; nasal semidivided, the cleft extending from the second
labial to the nostril; preocular present, nearly as large as the
ocular; upper head-seales a little larger than the scales on the
body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 70 to 90 times in the
c2
20 TYPHLOPID A.
total length ; tail a little longer than broad, terminating in a spine.
18 scales round the body. Brown above, paler inferiorly ; snout,
chin, and lower surface of tail white. |
Total length 220 millim.
Himalayas; India.
a-b. Her. Bengal.
ce. Ad. Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
d, Ad. Belgaum. Dr. Leith [P.}.
e. Hgr. Trevandrum, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. [P.].
f-g. Ad. & hgr. India.
11. Typhlops guentheri.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) guentheri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865,
p. 259, pl. —. fig. 1.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
nearly half the width of the head, broadly truncate posteriorly,
extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the
cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular present, nar-
rower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and
third labials ; eyes distinct; preefrontal much enlarged ; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 60 times in the total length; tail
slightly longer than broad, ending in an obtuse point. 18 scales
round the body. Pale reddish brown above, whitish inferiorly ;
tail blackish.
Total length 142 millim.
North Australia.
a. N. Australia. Dr. J. R. Elsey [C.]. (Type.)
12. Typhlops leucoproctus. (Prats I. fig. 6.)
Typhlops leucoproctus, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889,
p. 361.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting: nostrils lateral. Rostral
about one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the
eyes ; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the
second labial ; preocular present, a little narrower than the nasal
or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes dis-
tinguishable ; upper head-scales moderately enlarged; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 40 to 65 times in the total length ; tail
once and a half to twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 20
scales round the body. Dark brown, somewhat lighter inferiorly ;
labial and anal regions yellowish.
Total length 220 millim.
New Guinea and Queensland.
a. Ad. Fly River, New Guinea. Rey. S. Macfarlane C.].
b-d. Ad. Murray Id., Torres Straits. Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.1.
Types.
e. Ad. Queensland. (Types.)
2. TYPHLOPS. 21
13. Typhlops comorensis. (Pxarn II. fig. 1.)
ea comorensis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6), iv. 1889,
p. dol.
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting; nostrils laterai.
Rostral two fifths the width of the head, extending to the level o
the eyes ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second
labial ; preeocular present, as broad as the ocular, in contact with
the second and third labials; eyes distinct; upper head-scales
feebly enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body 54 times in
the total length; tail once and a half as long as broad. 20 scales
round the body. Dark brown; labial and anal regions yellowish.
Total length 245 millim.
Comoro Islands.
a. Comoro Islands. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Type.)
14. Typhlops socotranus. (Prare II. fig. 2.)
Typhlops socotranus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889,
p- 362.
Snout rounded, very prominent; nostrils lateral. Rostral about
one third the width of the head, not extending to the level of the
eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the
second labial; praocular present, broader than the nasal or the
ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct ;
upper head-scales slightly enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter
of body 37 to 50 times in the total length; tail as long as broad,
ending ina spine. 24 scales round the body. Whitish, with pale
brown lines running between the dorsal series of scales.
Total length 200 millim.
Socotra.
a-b. Ad. Socotra. Prof, I. B. Balfour [C.]. (Types.)
15. Typhlops vermicularis.
Aneuis lumbricalis (zon Linn.), Daud. Rept. vii. p. 308 (1803).
Typhlops vermicularis, Merr. Tent. p. 158 (1820) ; Berth, Abh. Ges.
Wiss. Gotting. i. 1843, p. 52, pl. i. figs. 1-3; Dum. &§& Bibr. vi.
p. 805 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. p: 18, Led: pls. iv. & v. fig. 3
(1864) ; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 25 (1873) ; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb,
ill. 1888, p. 920.
flerekeons Bibr. § Bory, Expéd. Morée, Zool. p. 72, pl. xiii.
fig. 3 (1833); Schley. Abbild. p. 37 (1844).
Areyrophis fo tateris, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 187 (1845).
Typhlops syriacus, Jan, op. cit. p. 15, L. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 5; Lortet,
Arch. Mus. Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 183, pl. xix. fig. 1.
persicus, Blanf. Ann. 5 Mag. N. HH. (4). xiv. 1874, p. 34, and
Zool, E. Pers. p. 399, pl. xxvii. tig. 5 (1876
lumbricalis, Schretb. Herp. Eur. p: 315 (1875 >).
22 TYPHLOPID®.
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral.
Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending nearly to
the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceed-
ing from the second labial; preocular present, about as broad as
the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes
distinguishable ; upper head-scales moderately enlarged ; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 40 to 52 times in the total length: tail
about as long as broad, ending ina spine. 22 or 24 scales round
the body. Brown or brownish above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 260 millim.
From the Ionian Islands, Greece, Asia Minor, and Syria, to
Turkestan, Afghanistan, and Persia.
a. Her. Morea.
b, Ad. Bay of Salamis. — Ince, Esq. [P.].
NG Constantinople.
df, g. Ad. Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P.].
h, t. Ad. Cyprus. Lord Lilford [P.}.
k. Her. Cyprus. Dr. C. E. Cullen [P. ].
rAd: Mt. Hermon. Canon Tristram [C. ].
m. Ad. Caucasus. St. Petersburg Mus. [ E. }.
n. Ad. Ai Dara, W. slope of Co- M. C. Eylandt [C.].
pet Dagh, Transcaspia.
o-p. Ad. Ashkabad, Transcaspia. M. P. A. Warentzow [C.].
g-t. Ad. Puli Hatun, Transcaspia. M. C. Eylandt [C.].
u. Ad. S.W. of Karman, 6000 ft. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [E. ]}.
(One of the types of 7. persicus.)
v. Ad, N. of Herat. Dr. Aitchison [C. ].
Afghan Boundary Commission.
16. Typhlops diardi.
Typhlops diardii, Schleg. Abbild. p. 39 (1844); Dum. § Bibr. vi.
p- 300 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 19, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 10
(1864) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 262; Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 258, fig. (1890).
Argyrophis horstieldii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 187 (1845).
Typhlops striolatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 922; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p.174 (1864); Theob. Cat, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 122
(1876).
horsfieldii, Giinth. op. cit. p. 178, pl. xvi. fig. E; Stoliezka,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 423; Theob. op. cit. p. 121.
barmanus, Stoliczka, Proc, As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 144.
Snout rounded and strongly projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral
narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head,
extending to between the eyes; nasal nearly completely divided,
the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; a praocular, nearly as
large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes distinct ; prefrontal and frontal usually scarcely larger than
the scales on the body, supraoculars and parietals broader; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 29 to 34 timesi n the total length ;
tail as long as broad or broader than long, terminating in a spine.
2. TYPULOPS. 23
24 to 26 scales round the body. Olive-brown above, each scale
with a more or less distinct light transverse streak ; lower parts
pale brownish or yellowish.
Total length 430 millim.
Bengal, Khasi Hills, Assam, Burma, Cochinchina.
a. Ad. Khasi Hills. East India Co. [P.].
(Type of A. horsfieldit.
b, Ad. Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [ P.}.
c-d. Ad. Assam. Dr. Cantor
e. Ad., bad state. Calcutta. Prof. Peters [P.].
(One of the types of 7. str volatus.)
fg. Ad. Tenasserim, Dr. Packman [P.].
h, a. Her. Reef Id., Tavoy. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.].
k, Ad., skel. P Sir A. Smith [P. }.
17. Typhlops bothriorhynchus.
Typhlops bothriorhynchus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 174, pl. xvi
fie. G (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 168; Stoliezka,
Journ, -As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 424; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 122 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 289 (1890) ;
W. L. Sclater, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. \x. 1891, p- 232.
Snout round and strongly projecting; nostrils lateral ; a rounded
concavity on each side below the nostril, and two others, less
marked, on the third labial and on each side of the rostral. Rostral
narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head,
extending to between the eyes ; nasal nearly completely divided, the
cleft proceeding from the second labial and passing through the
subnarial pit; a praocular, nearly as large as the ocular; eyes
distinct ; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the
body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 times in the total
length; tail about as long as broad, ending ina spine. 24 scales
round the body. Dark brown above, paler inferiorly.
Total length 160 millim.
Northern India (North-west Provinces and Assam) and Malay
Peninsula.
a. Ad. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. (T ype.)
b. Ad. Salsanger, Assam. Indian Museum [ E. |
18. Typhlops oatesii. (Prate II, fig. 3.)
Typhlops oatesii, Bowleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 238 (1890).
Snout rounded and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral.
Rostral very narrow, its upper portion hardly one fourth the width
of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal nearly
completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ;
a preeocular, a little smaller than the ocular; eyes distinct; upper
head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body ; four upper
labialis, Diameter of body 31 to 33 times in the total length; tail
24 TYPAHLOPID®.
as long as broad or broader than long, ending in a spine. 24
scales round the body. Yellowish, with confluent brown spots
corresponding to the series of scales and forming longitudinal
lines which are broader than the interspaces.
Total length 200 millim.
Andamans.
a-b, Ad. Table Id., Andamans. E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. (Types.)
19. Typhlops siamensis.
Typhlops siamensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 175, pl. xvi. fig. D
(1864).
Snout rounded and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral.
Rostral narrow, its upper portion hardly one third the width of the
head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided, the
cleft strongly curved and proceeding from the second labial; a
preeocular, nearly as large as the ocular; eyes distinct ; upper head-
scales a little larger than those on the body; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 33 times in the total length; tail not quite as
long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body.
Brownish above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 166 millim.
Siam.
a. Ad. Siam. M. Mouhot [C.}. (Type.)
20. Typhlops nigroalbus.
Typhlops nigroalbus, Dum. §& Bibr. vi. p. 295 (1844); Cantor, Cat.
Mal. Rept. p. 51 (1847) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 20, 1. 4, pl. vi. fig. 3
(1864) ; Gunth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 172, pl. xvi. fig. F (1864).
Argyrophis bicolor, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 136 (1845).
Snout rounded and strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the eye,
extending to between the eyes; nasal nearly completely divided,
the cleft proceeding from the second labial; a preocular, a little
broader than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials;
eyes distinct; upper head-scales considerably larger than the scales on
the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 to 33 times in
the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 26
scales round the body. Upper half black, lower yellowish white.
Total length 360 millim.
Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.
a. Ad. Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
b. Ad. Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke [P.}.
(Type of A. bicolor.)
ce. Ad. Singapore.
d-e. Ad. Perak. G. E. Dobson, Esq. [E.}.
f Ad. 2
2. TYPHLOPS. 25
21. Typhlops muelleri.
Typhlops miilleri, Schleg. Abbild. p. 82, pl. xxxii. figs. 25-28
(1844); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 298 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 20,
1, 4, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1864).
Agrees in form, scaling, and coloration with 7. nigroalbus, but
the rostral is broader and shorter, viz. half the width of the head,
and does not extend to the level of the eyes. Scales in 26 or 28
rows.
Total length 285 millim.
Sumatra.
a. Ad. Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. (Pilidion dimidiatum, Blk.)
22. Typhlops madagascariensis.
Typhlops madagascariensis, Boetty. Abh. Senchenb. Ges. xi. 1877,
p. 3, pl. i. fig. 1
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
hardly one third the width of the head ; nasal incompletely divided,
the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, a
little narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and
third labials ; eyes hidden ; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 46 times in the total length; tail slightly
longer than broad, rounded at the end, without spine. 24 scales
round the body. Blackish brown above and below, each scale with
a somewhat lighter longitudinal streak.
Total length 410 millim,
Nossi Bé, Madagascar.
23. Typhlops flaviventer.
Typhlops flaviventer, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 271; Peters §
Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 384.
Snout rounded and strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head,
extending nearly to the level of the eyes; nasal nearly completely
divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; a preocular,
nearly as large as the ocular; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a
little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 50 to 60 times in the total length; tail twice as
long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body.
Upper half black, lower yellowish white.
Total length 300 millim.
Moluccas.
a. Ad. Ternate. Marquis G, Doria [P.).
26 TYPHLOPID 2.
24. Typhlops theobaldianus.
Typhlops theobaldianus, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. xl. 1871,
p- 429, pl. xxv. figs. 5-8; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 128
(1876); Bowleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 240 (1890); W. L. Selater,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 232.
Snout round and strongly projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral
considerably more than one third (nearly half) the width of the
head, reaching very far back on the top of the head; nasal semi-
divided, the cleft extending from the second labial to the nostril ;
a prieocular, nearly as large as the ocular ; eyes perfectly indistinct ;
prefrontal very slightly longer than frontal; four upper labials.
Diameter of body about 70 times in the total length; tail nearly
thrice as long as broad, terminating in an obtuse point, without
spine. 22 scales round the body. Greyish brown, slightly paler
below.
Total length 350 millim.
Assam.
25. Typhlops thurstonii.
Typhlops thurstoni, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1890, p. 297.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral
rather more than half the width of the head, reaching far back on
the top of the head; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft extending
from the second labial to a little beyond the nostril; eyes not
distinguishable ;_ prefrontal moderate; frontal and interparietal
narrow ; four upper labials, third and fourth in contact with the
ocular. Diameter of body 45 to 52 times in the total length; tail
once and a half to twice as long as broad, without or with a very
feeble and obtuse spine. 20 scales round the body. Uniform
isabelline yellow, paler inferiorly.
Total length 170 millim. (reaches a length of 240 millim.).
Nilgherry Hills, 8. India.
a-b, Her. Nellambur. G. E. Mason, Esq. [ P.}.
26. Typhlops acuticauda.
Typhlops acuticaudus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 416, pl. —.
fio, 2
oO: =e
Snout rounded, very prominent; nostrils lateral. Rostral about
one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes ;
nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first
and second labials; preeocular present, a little narrower than the
ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct ;
upper head-shields, except the parietals, scarcely enlarged; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 52 times in the total length ; tail
2. TYPHLOPS. aT
once and a half as long as broad, ending in aspine. 24 scales round
the body. Brown above, yellow inferiorly.
Total length 123 millim.
Pelew Islands.
27. Typhlops aluensis.
Typhlops aluensis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 336, pl. xxviii.
fig. 2
tok ~
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral.
Nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first
and second labials; rostral about two fifths the width of the head,
not extending quite to the level of the eyes; preocular present, as
broad as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes distinct; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged; four upper
labials, Diameter of body 60 times in the total length ; tail twice
and one third as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round
the body. Brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 245 millim.
Solomon Islands.
a. Ad, ? Alu, Shortland Islands. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.].
(Type.)
28. Typhlops schneideri.
Typhlops schneideri, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 20, 1. 9, pl. i. fig. 3 (1864).
Snout round, moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral
about one third the width of the head; nasal semidivided, the cleft
proceeding from the second labial; praocular present, nearly as
large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes hidden; upper head-scales strongly enlarged; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 26 times in the total length ; tail broader
than long, ending in a spine. 26 scales round the body. Olive
above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 230 millim.
Bangkok, Siam.
29. Typhlops reticulatus.
Ancuis reticulata, Linn. S. N. i. p. 891 (1766); Schneid. Hist.
Amph. ii. p. 825 (1801) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 324 (1802).
rostralis, Weigel, Schrift. Berl. naturf. Gres. iii. 1782, p. 190.
Typhlops crococatus, Schneid. 1. c. p. 340.
Anguis nasutus, Gmel. S. NV. i. p. 1120 (1788).
rostratus, Daud. 1. ¢c. p. 316.
Typhlops lumbricalis, Schley. Abbild. p. 35, pl. xxxii. figs. 1-4
1844).
reticulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 282, pl. Ix. (1844); Jan,
28 TYPHLOPID”.
Icon. Gén. p. 10, 1. 4, pl. vi. fig. 1, & 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 7
(1864),
Argyrophis reticulatus, Gray, Cat. Iiz. p. 187 (1845).
Ophthalmidion crassum, 4. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. 202 (1851).
Snout rounded; nostrils lateral. Rostral hardly one third the
width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes ; nasal incom-
pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; a pra-
ocular, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact
with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct ; upper head-scales
slightly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 22 to 30
times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine.
20 scales round the body. Dark brown or black above, uniform or
the scales edged with lighter ; snout, tail, and lower parts yellowish.
Total length 300 millim.
Tropical South America.
a, Ad. Demerara. Dr. Hannah [P.].
b. Ad. Macasseema, Brit. Guiana. W. L. Sclater, Esq. [P. ].
ce. Ad. Cayenne.
d. Ad. Bahia. Dr. Wucherer [C.].
e. Ad. Yurimaguas, Huallaga R, Dr. Hahnel [C. ].
owe. Moyobamba, E. Peru. A. H. Roff, Esq. [C.].
30. Typhlops tenuis.
Typhlops tenuis, Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 454.
perditus, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 485; Bocourt, Miss.
Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 499, pls. xxix. fig. 3, & xxx. fig. 3 (1882).
basimaculatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 320.
prelongus, F. Miiller, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885,
ee p-.07A.
Snout rounded, very prominent ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about
one third the width of the head; nostril between two nasals, the
anterior in contact with the first and second labials; a preocular,
as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials;
eyes hidden or just distinguishable; upper head-scales scarcely
enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body 50 to 62 times
in the total length; tail as long as broad or a little broader than
long, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Pale brown
above, yellowish inferiorly ; or yellowish, each dorsal scale with a
brown spot.
Total length 310 millim.
Central America.
a, Ad. Coban, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
(Type.)
b. Ad. Guatemala.
ce. Ad. Orizaba.
d. Ad. Teapa, Tabasco. O. Salvin & F. D. Godman,
Esqrs. [ P. ].
e-f,g. Ad. &her, Mexico M. Sallé [C. ].
2. TYPHLOPS. 29
31. Typhlops filiformis.
Typhlops filiformis, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 807 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén.
p. 10, 1. 3, pl. iv. fig. 12, & 1. 9, pl. i. fig. 7 (1864).
Snout rounded; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the
width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes ; nasal
semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; praeocular
present, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distin-
guishable ; supraoculars and parietals larger than the scales on the
body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 60 times in the
total length; tail hardly longer than broad, ending obtusely, 20
scales round the body. Reddish brown, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 135 millim.
Hab. ?
32. Typhlops temminckii.
Typhlops temminckii, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 14, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 6
(1864).
Snout round, strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about
one fourth the width of the head, not extending quite to the level
of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from
the first labial; preocular present, narrower than the ocular, in
contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ; prefrontal
and supraoculars much enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of
body 45 times in the total length ; tail slightly longer than broad,
ending inaspine. 22 scales round the body. Brown above, each
scale with a lighter edge: yellowish white inferiorly.
Total length 225 millim.
Hab. 2
33. Typhlops ruficauda.
Anilios ruficauda, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 136 (1845).
Typhlops rufieauda, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684.
dichromatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 21,1. 3, pls. iv. & vy. fig. 1
(1864).
? Typhlops petersii, Steznd. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 515, .
pl. xiii. figs. 7-9.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
about one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the
eyes ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ;
preocular present, as broad as the ocular, in contact with the third
labial only ; eyes distinct ; prefrontal, supraocular, and parietal
considerably larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 31 to 55 times in the total length ; tail as long as
broad, ending in a spine. 30 scales round the body. Reddish
brown above; snout, tail, and lower surfaces yellowish.
Total length 250 millim.
Philippine Islands.
a-c, Ad., hgr., & yg. Philippines, (Types.)
30 TYPHLOPIDA.
34. Typhlops kraalii.
ae kraalii, Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 347, pl. xii.
fie. f.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
about one third the width of the head, not extending quite to the
level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in con-
tact with the first and second labials'; preocular present, as broad
as the ocular, in contact with the third labial only ; eyes distinct ;
upper head-scales feebly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of
body 40 to 42 times in the total length; tail as long as broad,
ending in a spine. 24 to 26 scales round the body. Blackish
brown, lower surface of head and middle of belly yellowish.
Total length 170 millim.
Kei Islands.
a. Ad.? Kei Islands. Capt. Langen [P.].
35. Typhlops platycephalus.
Typhlops platycephalus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 293 (1844) ; Jan, Icon.
Gén. p. 18, 1.8, pls. iv. & v. fig. 8 (1864); Bouleng. Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1891, p. 352.
Ophthalmidion fuscum, A. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. 203 (1851).
Typhlops fuscus, Jan, op. cit. p. 22, 1.5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 4.
Snout rounded, rather depressed, strongly projecting; nostrils
lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending
to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of
which is in contact with the first and second labials; preeocular
present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact
with the third labial only ; eyes distinct ; upper head-scales not or
scarcely enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 50
times in the total length ; tail as long as broad or a little longer
than broad, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Blackish
brown above and below, uniform, or with a few of the scales of the
middle ventral row white; lower surface of snout and anal region
usually white.
Total length 360 millim.
Dominica and Martinique.
; Ad. Dominica. Sir A. Smith [P.].
. Many specs. Dominica. G. A. Ramage, Esq. [C.].
eAd, Dominica. H. A. A. Nicholls Esq. !C}.
~~)
_ |
2. TYPHLOPS. 31
36. Typhlops lumbricalis.
Brown, Jamaica, p. 460, pl. xliv. fig. 1 (1766).
Anguis lumbricalis, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 391 (1766).
jamaicensis, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 588 (1802).
Ty ees lumbricalis, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 55 (1811); Dum. &
Bite. vi. p. 287 (1844); Gosse, Nat. Soj. Jamaica, p. 262 (1851) ;
Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 12, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. tig. 4 (1864) ; Peters, Mon.
Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 262.
cinereus, Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xviii. tig. 2 (1838).
cube, Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Erp. p. 204,
pl. xxii. (1845).
richardii, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 290; Jan, Ll. ce. p. 16, fig. 7.
Anilios leachii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 135 (1845).
Meditoria nasuta, Gray, J. c. p. 139.
Typhlops sulcatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 128.
Snout rounded or subacuminate, rather depressed, strongly pro-
jecting ; nostrils lateral. ostral hardly one third the width of the
head, extending to the level of the eyes-; nostril between two nasals,
the anterior of which is in contact with the first and second labials ;
preocular present, nearly as broad as the ocular (sometimes trans-
versely divided into two), in contact with the third labial only ; eyes
distinct ; upper head-scales not or scarcely enlarged. Diameter of
body 34 to 40 times in the total length; tail as long as broad or a
little longer than broad, ending ina spine. 20 or 22 scales round
the body. Brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 320 millim.
West Indies; Guiana.
a. Ad. Cuba.
b-g. Ad. & yg. Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq..[P. ].
h. Ad. Bluefields, Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq. [P.].
i-k, Ad. Hayti. Hy. Rolle [C.}.
1. Several specs., S. Thomas. Hr. Riise [C.].
ad. & hgr.
m-n. Ad. & hgr. S. Thomas. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’
a fe Antigua. Sir A, Smith [P.].
p. Her. Barbados (?).
q. Ad. Berbice. Lady Essex [P.]}. (Type
of M. nasuta.)
r—s. Ad. —- (Types of A. leachii.)
37. Typhlops exiguus.
Typhlops exiguus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 9, 1. 8, pls. iv. & v. fig. 11
(1864).
Snout round, feebly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about
one fourth the width of the head, not extending to the level of the
eyes ; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the
first and second labials; preocular present, narrower than the
ocular, in contact with the third labial only; eyes distinguishable ;
upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body
32 TYPHLOPIDA.
about 60 times in the total length; tail once and a half as long as
broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Yellowish
above, white inferiorly.
Total length 135 millim,
East Indies.
38. Typhlops cecatus.
Typhlops cecatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 9, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 2
(1864).
Snout round, feebly projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral about
one third the width of the head; nostril between two nasals, the
anterior in contact with the first and second labials; preocular
present, nearly as broad as the ocular, in contact with the third
labial only ; eyes hidden; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 40 times in the total length; tail °
broader than long, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body.
Brown, paler inferiorly ; snout and lower surface of tail white.
Total length 147 millim.
Gold Coast.
39. Typhlops cuneirostris.
Typhlops cuneirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 775, pl. —.
fig. 4.
Snout very prominent, much depressed, cuneiform, with rounded
edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral narrow, hardly one third the
width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes; nasal
incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ;
preocular present, narrower than the nasal, as large as the ocular,
in contact with the second and third Jabials ; eyes distinct; supra-
oculars and parietals larger than the scales on the body; four
upper labials. Diameter of body about 30 times in the total length ;
tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the
body. Dorsal scales edged with brown, the edges forming eight
longitudinal dark lines on the body : lower parts white.
Total length 146 millim.
Brava, Somaliland.
40. Typhlops verticalis.
Onychocephalus verticalis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. liv.
(1845).
macrurus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 78, pl. —, and 1865,
p- 263.
Snout moderately prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral
about three fifths the width of the head, not extending to the level
of the eyes; nasals nearly meeting behind the rostral, semidivided,
the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preeocular present,
2. rYPHLOoPs. 33
much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the
second and third labials; eyes distinguishable ; prefrontal large,
supraoculars and parietals very broad; four upper labials. Dia-
meter of body 42 to 45 times in the total length; tail nearly twice
as long as broad. 22 scales round the body. Uniform brownish
yellow.
Total length 170 millim.
Interior of South Africa.
a, Ad. S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Type.)
41. Typhlops depressus.
Typhlops depressus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 220.
Head much depressed, broader than the neck ; snout rounded ;
nostrils inferior. Rostral narrow ; nasal incompletely divided, the
cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular narrower than
the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes
distinct ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 58 times in the
total length; tail longer than broad, pointed. 22 scales round the
body. Dark brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 235 millim.
Duke of York Island.
42. Typhlops longissimus.
Ophthalmidion longissimum, Dum. § Bibr, vi. p. 265 (1844),
Typhlops longissimus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 21, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 6
(1864) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 500, pl. xxix. fig. 11
(1882).
Snout rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral nearly half the width
of the head; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the
second labial; preeocular present, much larger than the ocular, in
contact with the second and third labials; eyes invisible; pre-
frontal and supraoculars much enlarged ; four upper labials. Dia-
meter of body about 50 times in the total length; tail once and a
half as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body.
Uniform grey, end of snout yellowish.
Total length 350 millim.
Hab. 2
43. Typhlops conradi.
Typhlops conradi, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1874, p. 162, pl. —. fig. 1.
Snout rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral two fifths the width
of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes ; nasal semi-
divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; praocular
present, much larger than the ocular, in contact with the second and
third labials; eyes distinguishable; upper head-scales enlarged ;
four upper labials. Diameter of body 58 times in the total length ;
VOL, I. D
84 TYPHLOPID 2%,
tail a little broader than long. 18 scales round the body. Brown,
somewhat lighter inferiorly ; head and end of tail white.
Total length 175 millim.
North Celebes.
44, Typhlops ligatus.
Typhlops ligatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 775, pl. —. fig. 3.
curtus, Douglas Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. ii, 1892, p. 23.
Snout moderately prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral
narrow, band-like, not one third the width of the head, extending
to the level of the eyes; nasal completely (or nearly completely)
divided, the cleft extending from the first labial to the upper sur-
face of the head; procular present, slightly narrower than the
nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes distinguishable; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals consi-
derably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 25 (to 32)
times in the total length; tail once and a half as long as broad,
ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Brown above, yel-
lowish inferiorly.
Total length 250 millim.
Queensland.
a. Ad. Rockhampton.
45, Typhlops torresianus. (Prats II. fig. 4.)
qv eee torresianus, Bouleng Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889,
p. 362.
Snout prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral about one
third the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the
eyes; the portion visible from below half as broad as long; nasal
incompletely divided, the cleft extending from the second labial to
the upper surface of the snout; procular present, narrower than
the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes distinguishable ; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals en-
larged; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 45 times in the
total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 22
scales round the body. Dark olive or brown above, the scales edged
with lighter ; whitish inferiorly.
Total length 400 millim.
Murray Island, Torres Straits.
a-b, Ad. & her. Murray Island. Rey. 8. Macfarlane [C.]. (Types.)
46. Typhlops polygrammicus.
Typhlops polygrammicus, Schleg. Abbild. p. 40, pl. xxxii. figs. 85-38
(1844); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 8302 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 18,
1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 9 (1864); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 262.
Anilios nigrescens, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 155 (1845).
Argyrophis polygrammicus, Gray, /. ¢. p. 138.
2. TYPHLOPS. 35
Typhlops nigrescens, Jan, op. cit. p. 13, 1. 9, pl. i. fig. 1; MeCoy
Wear Zool. Vict. pl. cil. (ises)> i
riippelli, Jan, op. cit. p. 14, 1. 9, pl. i. fig. 2.
Snout prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral about half
the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; the
portion visible from below longer than broad; nasal incompletely
divided, the cleft extending from the first labial to the upper
surface of the snout; praocular present, narrower than the nasal
or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes
distinguishable ; praefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals considerably
enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 31 to 50 times in
the total length ; tail once and one fourth to twice as long as broad,
ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Brown or dark olive
above, the scales edged with lighter; white inferiorly.
Total length 435 millim.
Timor ; North and Kast Australia.
a. Ad. Queensland. H1.M.S. ‘Challenger.’
6. Hgr. Queensland. Col. Beddome [C.]}.
c-e. Ad. N.S. Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [C.].
f. Hgr. Sydney.
g. Hgr. Paramatta,N.S.Wales. A. G. Butler, Esq. [P.].
Ah. Hor. Paramatta,N.S.Wales. G. Newport, Esq. | P.]}. Types of
7 Hgr. Australia. Lord Derby rp A, nigrescens.
47. Typhlops regine. (Puare III. fig. 1.)
Typhlops reginze, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 362.
Snout prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral nearly
- half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes ;
the portion visible from below longer than broad ; nasal incompletely
divided, the cleft extending from the first labial to the upper surface
of the snout; preocular present, nearly as broad as the nasal or the
ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distin-
guishable; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals much enlarged ;
four upper labials. Diameter of body 37 to 50 times in the total
length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales
round the body. Greyish olive above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 410 millim.
Queensland.
a-c. Ad. & hgr. Queensland. Col. Beddome [C.}. (Types.)
48. Typhlops australis.
Anilios australis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 135 (1845).
Typhlops preissi, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 15,1. 1, pl. v. fig. 2 (1860).
— australis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 263, pl. —. fig. 5.
Snout very prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostra large,
about three fifths the width of the head, the upper part as long as
broad, not extending to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided,
D 2
36 TYPHLOPID &.
the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, a
little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the
second and third labials; eyes distinguishable ; prefrontal, supra-
oculars, and parietals considerably enlarged ; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 33 to 37 times in the total length; tail as long as
broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Pale olive-
brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 265 millim.
West Australia.
a-b. Ad. & hgr. W. Australia. (Types. )
ec. Ad. Swan River.
49. Typhlops wiedii.
Typhlops wiedii, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 24.
Snout very prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral large,
three fifths the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of
the eyes, the portion visible from below longer than broad ; nostril
nearly completely divided, the cleft extending from the second labial
to the upper surface of the snout; preocular present, narrower
than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third
labials ; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a little enlarged; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 42 to 67 times in the total length ;
tail as long as broad, or a little longer than broad, ending in a spine.
20 scales round the body. Buff above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 290 millim.
Queensland and New South Wales.
a-f. Ad. & her. Queensland.
g-m. Ad. New South Wales. Imperial Institute.
50. Typhlops exoceti. (Prare III. fig. 2.)
Typhlops exocceti, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 517.
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting ; nostrils inferior.
Rostral broad, upper portion broadest anteriorly, about half the
width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incom-
pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; a pra-
ocular, of about the same size as the ocular, in contact with the
second and third labials; eyes distinguishable ; upper head-scales a
little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 58 to 66 times in the total length ; tail twice as
long as broad, ending ina spine. 20 scales round the body. Pale
brownish, each scale with a brown spot; these spots largest and
darkest on the dorsal surface, where they form longitudinal lines.
Total length 350 millim.
Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.
a-b. Ad. & hgr. Christmas Island. Capt. Maclear [P.], H.M.S.
‘Flying Fish.’ (Types.)
2. TYPHLOPS. 37
51. Typhlops bipartitus.
Typhlops bipartitus, Sawvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1879, p. 59,
Snout rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral large; nasal semi-
divided ; preeocular as broad as the ocular; four upper labials. 22
scales round the body. ‘Tail longer than broad. Yellowish green
above, light brown inferiorly.
Total length 250 millim.
Tidore (?) Island, Northern New Guinea.
52. Typhlops tenuicollis.
Onychocephalus (Ophthalmidion) tenuicollis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac.
1864, p. 272, pl. —. fig. 2.
Typhlops tenuicollis, Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 123 (1876);
ade Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 241 (1890).
Snout round and moderately projecting ; nostrils inferior. Rostral
broad, its upper portion more than half as broad as the head; nasal
semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; a preeocular,
about as large as the ocular ; eyes not distinguishable ; prefrontal
and frontal very broad, broader than the ocular and parietal ; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 65 times in the total length; tail
as long as broad, terminal scute obtusely conical. 22 scales round
the body. Olive-brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 365 millim.
Himalaya.
53. Typhlops mucronatus.
Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) mucronatus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1880,
p. 279, and Abh. Senckenb. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 438, pl. i. fig. 1.
Snout very prominent, depressed, rounded, with inferior nostrils.
Rostral half the width of the head ; nasal nearly completely divided,
the cleft proceeding from the second labial; praocular present, a
little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the
second and third labials ; eyes distinct; upper head-scales enlarged ;
four upper labials. Diameter of body 42 to 55 times in the total
length ; tail as long as broad or a little longer, ending in a spine.
24 scales round the body. Grey-brown or olive, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 330 millim.
Nossi Bé, Madagascar.
a-b, Ad. & hgr. Nossi Bé. Senckenberg Museum [E. }.
54. Typhlops elegans.
Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) elegans, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868,
p- 450, pl. ii. fig. 1; Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lish. x. 1887, p. 199.
Snout very prominent, rounded, with inferior nostrils. Rostral
large, about half as broad as the head, extending to the level of the
38 TYPHLOPID &.
eyes, the portion visible from below a little broader than long;
nasal completely divided into two, the cleft proceeding from the first
labial; preeocular present, much narrower than the ocular, in contact
with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable; prefrontal
and supraoculars larger than the scales on the body; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 36 to 49 times in the total length; tail
broader than long. 18 or 20 scales round the body. Orange, with
black longitudinal lines running between the series of scales arid
becoming indistinct on the belly.
Total length 390 millim.
Ilha do Principe, West Africa.
55. Typhlops decorosus.
Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) decorosus, Buchh. § Peters, Mon. Ber.
Ac. 1875, p. 197.
Closely allied to 7. elegans, but body more elongate, its diameter
66 times in the total length, and 24 scales round the body.
Total length 330 millim.
Cameroons.
56. Typhlops obtusus.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) obtusus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865,
p- 260, pl. —. fig. 2, and Reise n. Mossamib. ili. p. 95 (1882).
Snout very prominent, rounded, with inferior nostrils. Rostral
large, more than half as broad as the head, the portion visible from
below as long as broad; nasal semi-divided, the cleft proceeding
from the first labial; przocular present, much narrower than the
nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes not distinguishable; preefrontal and supraoculars broad; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 43 to 50 times in the total length ;
tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 22 or 24 scales round
the middle of the body. Dorsal scales brown or blackish, whitish
at the base, darker on the sides; lower parts whitish.
Total length 300 millim.
South-east Africa.
a-b. Ad. Shiré Valley. (Types.)
ce. Ad. Nyassaland. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.].
57. Typhlops fornasinii.
Typhlops fornasinii, Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 15, pl. iii. fig. 1
(1847); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 17, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 5 (1864) ;
Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. ii. p. 94, pl. xv. fig. 3 (1882).
Onychocephalus trilobus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621, and
1860, p. 80.
Snout very prominent, depressed, rounded, with more or less
distinctly trilobate horizontal outline; nostrils inferior. Rostral
2, TYPHLOPS, 39
large, about half the width of the head, the portion visible from
below nearly as long as broad ; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft
proceeding from the first labial; praocular present, a little narrower
than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second labial only ;
eyes just distinguishable; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 23 to 30 times in the total length; tail
a little broader than long, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the
body. Bluish or greyish, anal region yellowish.
Total length 160 millim.
Mozambique.
58. Typhlops blanfordii. (Pxrarn II. fig. 5.)
er eschrichtii (non Schleg.), Blanf. Geol. § Zool. Abyss. p. 457
1870).
—— blanfordii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 565.
Snout very prominent, depressed, rounded, with inferior nostrils.
Rostral large, more than half the width of the head, extending to
between the eyes, the portion visible from below nearly as long as
broad ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial ;
preocular present, much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in
contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct, below the
preocular and the ocular; prefrontal much enlarged, supraoculars
and parietals feebly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body
40 times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a
spine. 30 scales round the body. Olive-grey, basal half of each
dorsal scale blackish; a narrow whitish strip along the middle of
the lower surface.
Total length 320 millim.
Abyssinia.
a, Ad. Senafé, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. (Type.)
59. Typhlops boettgeri. (Pxate II. fig. 6.)
Snout very prominent, depressed, with obtusely angular horizontal
edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, more than half the width
of the head, not extending to between the eyes, the portion visible
from above as broad as long; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding
from the second labial ; preeocular present, much narrower than the
nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ;
eyes distinct, below the ocular; prefrontal scarcely enlarged, supra-
oculars and parietals a little larger; four upper labials. Diameter
of body 44 to 50 times in the total length; tail as long as broad,
ending in a spine. 20 or 22 scales round the body. Colourless.
Total length 220 millim.
Madagascar.
a-e. Ad., hgr., & yg. S.W. Madagascar. My. Last [C.].
40 TYPHLOPID A.
60. Typhlops congicus.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) congicus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1887, p. 650,
and Ber. Senck, Ges. 1888, p. 44, pl. i. fig. 5.
Snout very prominent, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and
inferior nostrils. Rostral large, the portion visible from below as
long as broad; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first
labial; preeocular present, nearly as broad as the nasal or the ocular,
in contact with the second and third labials; eyes not distinguish-
able; prefrontal, frontal, supraoculars, and parietals larger than
the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 28
times in the total length; tail broader than long. 26 scales round
the middle of the body, 28 anteriorly; the scales of the middle
dorsal row distinctly larger than the others. Yellowish grey, a
little lighter inferiorly, above with indistinct darker lines.
Total length 450 millim.
Near Banana, Congo.
61. Typhlops hallowellii.
Typhlops hallowelli, Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 29, 1. 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 6
(1864).
Snout very prominent, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and
inferior nostrils. Rostral large ; nasal semidivided, the suture pro-
ceeding from the first labial; praeocular present, narrower than the
nasal or the ocular; eyes not distinguishable ; preefrontal, supra-
oculars, and parietals larger than the scales on the body; three
upper labials, the first formed by the fusion of two. Diameter of
body 19 times in the total length; tail much broader than: long.
28 scales round the body. Uniform yellowish olive.
Total length 152 millim,.
Gold Coast.
62. Typhlops anchietz.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) anchiete, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish, xi.
1886, p. 172.
Onychocephalus anchiete, Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 608.
Snout very prominent, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and
inferior nostrils. Rostral large; nasal semidivided, the suture pro-
ceeding from the lower lateral border of the rostral; przocular
present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with
the second labial; eyes not distinguishable; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 24 times in the total length; tail much broader
than long. 30 to 32 scales round the body. Pale yellow, with
greyish-brown blotches.
Total length 119 millim.
Angola, Transvaal.
2. TYPHLOPS 41
63. Typhlops mossambicus.
Typhlops eschrichtii (non Schl.), Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 10
1850).
Gere Siliaius mossambicus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621,
and 1860, p. 82.
Typhlops bianconii, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 23, 1.1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 3
(1860).
mossambicus, Jan, op. cit. p. 22, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 3 (1864) ;
Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 93, pl. xv. fig. 2 (1882).
Snout very prominent, rounded, with an obtuse horizontal keel
and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, not extending to the level of
the eyes, which are distinguishable; nasal completely divided, the
cleft proceeding from the first labial; praeocular present, a little
narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second
and third labials; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 times
in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine.
24 scales round the middle of the body, 25 or 26 anteriorly. Dark
brown ; lower surface of head and anal region yellowish.
Total length 150 millim.
South-east Africa, from Mozambique to Delagoa Bay.
a, Ad. Mozambique. Prof. Bianconi [{ P. }.
6. Ad. Mozambique.
64. Typhlops tettensis.
Onychocephalus tettensis, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1860, p. 80.
Typhlops tettensis, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 92, pl. xv. fig. 1.
Snout very prominent, rounded, with an obtuse horizontal keel
and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, not extending to the level of
the eyes, which are distinguishable; nasal incompletely divided,
the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preeocular present, a little
narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second
upper labial; ocular in contact with the second, third, and fourth
upper labials; four upper labials. Diameter of body 374 times in
the total length; tail hardly as long as broad. 24 scales round the
body anteriorly, 22 posteriorly. Greenish blue.
Total length 165 millim.
Tette, Mozambique.
65. Typhlops buchholzi.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) buchholzi, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf.
Freunde, 1881, p. 71.
Snout with an obtuse horizontal keel and inferior nostrils.
Rostral large ; preefrontal much larger than frontal, which, like the
supraoculars and parietals, is larger than the scales on the body ;
eyes hidden ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first
492 TYPHLOPID A.
labial ; praeocular present, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact
with the second and third labials ; four upper labials. Diameter of
body 58 times in the total length ; tail broader than long. 24 scales
round the body. Yellow, with indistinct darker longitudinal lines.
Total length 370 millim.
Mungo, West Africa.
66. Typhlops punctatus.
Acontias punctatus, Leach, in Bowditch, Miss. Ashantee, p. 498
(1819).
Typhlops eschrichtii, Schleg. Abbild. p. 37, pl. xxxii. figs. 18, 16
(1844) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 83; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 26,
1.1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 4 (1861); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865,
. 262,
Ophthalmidion eschrichtii, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 265 (1844).
Onychocephalus congestus, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 834; Peters, l. ¢.
Onychophis barrowil, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 133 (1845).
punctata, Gray, l. c.
Onychocephalus Jiberiensis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1848, p. 59;
A, Dum. Arch. Mus.x. p. 186 (1860) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860,
p. 82.
nigro-lineatus, Hallow. 1. ¢. p. 60.
Typhlops liberiensis, Jan, op. ctt..p. 24, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 1
(1864).
liberiensis, var. intermedia, Jan, op. cit. 1. 5, pls. v. & vi.
fig. 2.
kraussii, Jan, op. cit. p. 26, 1. 3, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1864),
lineolatus, Jan, op. cit. p. 24, 1. 9, pl. 1. fig. 4 (1864).
Onychocephalus angolensis, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. i. 1866, pp. 46
& 65.
kraussi, Reichen. Arch. f. Nat. 1874, p. 291.
Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) eschrichtii, var. intermedia e¢ lineolata,
Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 614.
Aspidorhynchus eschrichtii, Peter's, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881,
p. 70. fs
Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) kraussii, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. xi. 1887,
». 180
(Aspidorhynchus) eschrichti, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888,
p. 42.
Snout very prominent, rounded, with an obtuse horizontal keel
and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of
the eyes, which are distinguishable ; nasal semidivided, the suture
extending from the first labial to the nostril; preocular present,
narrower than the nasal, not more than half as broad as the ocular,
in contact with the second and third labials ; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 21 to 32 times in the total length; tail broader
than long, ending in a spine. 24 to 30 scales round the middle
of the body, 26 to 32 anteriorly. Coloration very variable.
Total length 630 millim.
West and Central Africa.
2. TYPHLOPS. 43
A. 30 scales round the middle of the body, 30 or 32 anteriorly.
a. Dark brown above, each scale with a small yellowish spot ;
each ventral scale yellowish in the centre and brown on the
borders. (7. punctatus, eschrichtiz.)
a. Her. Fantee. T. E, Bowditch, Esq. [P.}.
(Type of 7. punctatus.)
b. Her. Gambia. Sir A. Smith [P.}.
e, d-e. Ad. & yg. Monbuttu. Dr, Emin Pasha [P.}.
a Apr. Lado. Dr. Emin Pasha best
b. Like the preceding but with scattered irregular yellow blotches
above and below.
g. Ye. Monbuttu. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.].
c. Like a, but ventral scales uniform yellowish.
h, a. Ad. W. Africa.
B. 24 to 28 scales round the middle of the body, 26 to 30 ante-
riorly.
a. Dark brown above, each scale with a small yellowish spot ;
each ventral scale yellowish in the centre and brown on the
borders. (7. lineolatus.)
k. Ad. Angola.
fatipy. Monbuttu. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.].
b. Like a, but ventral scales uniform yellowish. (7. %inter-
medius, angolensis.)
m. Ye. Gambia. Sir.A. Moloney [P.].
n, Ad, Cameroons. ?
o. Hgyr. Oil River. H.H. Johnston, Esq. [P.].
c. The yellow spots on the upper surfaces confluent into longi-
tudinal lines separated by black streaks; lower parts
uniform yellowish. (7. nigrolineatus, kraussi.)
p. Ad. Old Calabar.
q. Her. Accra, Gold Coast. F, Tyrrell, Esq. [P.].
fe. ?
d. Black above, each scale paler, brownish, in the middle; lower
parts uniform yellowish.
s. Ad. Old Calabar.
t, Ad. P
e. Like d, with irregular yellow spots or large blotches above, or
yellow with irregular black blotches above. (7. congestus,
barrowti, liberiensis.)
u. Ad. Fernando Po. H. Veitch, Esq. [P.].
v. Her. Ashantee.
w. Her. Sierra Leone. H. C. Hart, Esq. [P.].
eyes. & her, § W. Africa.
z. Her. P Sir J. Barrow [P.].
(Type of O. barrowii.)
44 TYPHLOPID®.
67. Typhlops bibronii.
Onychocephalus bibronii, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. li. fig. 2
& pl. liv. figs. 5-8 (1845).
Snout very prominent, with angular but not trenchant edge and
inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the
eyes, the portion visible from below broader than long ; nasal semi-
divided, the suture proceeding from the first labial; preocular
present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the
second labial ; eyes distinct, below the suture between the ocular
and the preocular ; prefrontal usually much larger than the supra-
oculars and parietals, which are larger than the scales of the body ;
four upper labials. Diameter of body 28 to 36 times in the total
length; tail as long as broad, or broader than long, ending in a spine.
30 to 32 scales round the middle of the body, 32 to 34 anteriorly.
Brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 480 millim.
South Africa.
a. Her. North of Latakoo. Sir A. Smith [P.j. (One
of the types.)
b. Ad. Lessooto. M. F. Lataste | P.].
c. Nd: Caffraria.
d. Ad. King Williamstown, J. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P. ].
e. Ad. King Williamstown. H. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.].
fev ad. Port Elizabeth.
g. Her. Port Natal. Rev. H. Calloway [P.].
h, Ad. S. Africa, Dr. Quain [ P.].
2. Ad. S. Africa. Chatham Museum.
68. Typhlops schlegelii.
Typhlops schlegelii, Biancont, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 18, pl. iii. fig. 2
(1850) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 27, 1. 8, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1864); Peters,
Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 99 (1882) ; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H.
(6) ii. 1888, p. 189.
Onychocephalus schlegelii, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 82.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the
portion visible from below broader than long; nasal semidivided,
the suture proceeding from the first labial; preocular present,
narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second
and third labials ; eyes distinct, below the suture between the pra-
ocular and the ocular; supraoculars and parietals larger than the
scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 25 to
30 times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a
spine. 40 (or 42) scales round the middle of the body, 38 anteriorly.
Uniform olive-brown above, or parti-coloured yellow and _ olive-
brown, the latter colour forming irregular blotches ; lower parts
uniform yellow.
Total length 380 millim.; reaches a length of 690 millim.
South-east and Central Africa.
2. TYPHLOPS. 45
a, Ad. Delagoa Bay. S. African Museum.
b-c. Ad. & hgr. Lado. Dr. Emin Pasha [C. ].
69. Typhlops delalandii.
Typhlops lalandii, Schley. Abbild. p. 38, pl. xxxii. figs. 17-20 (1844) ;
Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 28, 1. 4, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1864).
Onychocephalus delalandii, ‘Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 278 ew Smith,
Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. ‘vl. li. fig. 1 & pl. ie figs. 1-4 (1845) ;
Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 262,
Onychophis franklinii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 182 (1845).
lalandii, Gray, Z C,
? Onychophis fordii, Gray, /. c. p. 134.
Typhlops smithii, Jan, op. cit. p. 27, 1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 5 (1860).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the
portion visible from below broader than long; nasal semidivided,
the suture proceeding from the first labial; preeocular present,
narrower than the nasal, about half as broad as the ocular, in
contact with the second, or second and third labials ; eyes distinct ;
prefrontal, supraoculars, and parictals usually subequal in size and
larger than the scales of the body ; four upper labials. Diameter
of body 35 to 50 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, or
broader than long, ending in a spine. 28 to 30 scales round the
middle of the body, 30 anteriorly. Pale brown above, each scale
with a darker central spot, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 320 millim.
South Africa.
a-c. Ad. Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.].
d, Ad. Cape of Good Hope.
e-g. Hgr. & yg. —- Port Elizabeth. H. A. Spencer, Esq. [P.].
h. Ad. Karroo. Trustees of the S. African
Museum [P. }.
wk, Ad. Orange River. Dr. Kannemeyer [ P.]}.
i, Ad. ? Lord Derby [P.]. (Type
of O. franklinit.)
‘70. Typhlops dinga.
Onychocephalus dinga, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 620.
schlegelii, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 82.
Typhlops dinga, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p- 98, pl. xiv. fig. 1
& pl. xiv. A. fig. 3 (1882).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes,
the portion yisible from below broader than long; nasal semi-
divided, the suture proceeding from the first labial; prieocular
present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact
with the second and third labials; eyes distinct; prefrontal and
supraoculars considerably larger than the scales on the body ; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 42 to 46 times in the total
46 TYPHLOPIDA.
length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 34 to 40 scales
round the body. Rusty red above, with confiuent black spots.
Total length 685 millim.
Mozambique.
71. Typhlops humbo.
eon (Onychocephalus) humbo, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. xi. 1886,
Deke.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes,
the portion visible from below as broad as long ; nasal semidivided,
the suture proceeding from the first labial; praocular present,
two thirds the width of the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the
second, or second and third labials ; eyes rather indistinct, below the
suture between the preocular and the ocular; prefrontal, supra-
oculars, and parietals not or but slightly larger than the scales on
the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 35 or 37 (34 to 41)
times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine.
38 (or 36) scales round the middle of the body, 34 anteriorly.
Dark olive above, irregularly dotted with pale olive; pale olive
inferiorly, mottled with darker.
Total length 450 millim.; reaches a length of 775 millim.
Benguela and interior of East Africa.
a-b. Ad. Mpwapwa, 200 miles in interior of Hast Africa.
72. Typhlops mucruso.
Onychocephalus mucruso, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621, and
1860, p. 83.
varius, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 82.
petersil, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. iv. 1873, p. 249.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) riparius, Peters, Siizb. Ges. naturf.
Freunde, 1881, p. 50.
mucruso, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii, p. 95, pl. xiii. fig. 5
(1882).
varius, Peters, op. cit. p. 97, pl. xiv. fig. 2 & pl. xiv. a. fig. 1.
—— riparius, Peters, op. cit. p. 98, pl. xiv. a. fig. 2.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the
portion visible from below as broad as long; nasal semidivided, the
suture proceeding from the first labial ; preeocular present, one half
to three fifths the width of the nasal or the ocular, in contact with
the second, or second and third labials; eyes distinct ; prefrontal
and supraoculars a little larger than the scales on the bedy. Dia-
meter of body 25 to 35 times in the total length; tail as long as
broad or broader than long, ending in a spine. 30 to 36 (38) scales
round the middle of the body, 32 to 34 anteriorly. Coloration
of upper parts variable ; lower parts uniform yellowish.
Total length 480 millim.
Tropical Africa south of the Equator.
2. TYPHLOPS. 47
A. Yellow or pale olive above, the scales with dark borders forming
more or less regular longitudinal lines. (27. mucruso.)
a, Ad. Mouth of the Zambesi, Capt. Bedingfield [P.].
b-d. Her. Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
e-f. Hgr.& yg. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
q. pe (imper- _E. Africa. Capt. Speke [ P. |].
ect).
B. Intermediate between A and C, the dark longitudinal lines being
distinct but with the addition of irregular small dark brown
spots.
h. Her. Angola. Lieut. Cameron [P.].
C. Yellowish above, with irregular blackish or dark brown blotches.
(2. varius.)
tl. Her. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
m. Her. Delagoa Bay. 8S. African Museum | P. }.
73. Typhlops anomalus.
Onychocephalus anomalus, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. iv. 1875, p. 248,
pl. i. fig. 3.
? Typhlops (Onychocephalus) crassatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf.
Freunde, 1881, p. 50.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes;
nasal semidivided, the suture proceeding from the lateral border of
the rostral ; preeocular much narrower than the ocular ; eyes distinct,
below the suture between the preocular and the ocular; four upper
labials. Diameter of body about 20 times in the total length; tail
broader than long. 28 to 30 scales round the body. Uniform
brown above; sides and lower parts yellow.
Total length 188 millim.
South-west Africa (Mossamedes ; Loango ?).
74. Typhlops schiuzi.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) schinzi, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887,
p- 164, pl. v. fig. 1.
Snout strongly hooked, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral large, but not extending posteriorly to the level
of the eyes; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first
labial ; preeocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular,
in contact with the third labial; eyes distinct; upper head-scales
larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter
of body 45 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, ending
ina spine. 26 scales round the middle of the body, 28 behind the
head. Yellowish, above with small black spots.
Total length 226 millim.
North Kalahari.
48 TYPHLOPID®.
75. Typhlops curvirostris.
Typhlops curvirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 776, pl. —.
fig. 5.
Snout very prominent, hooked, with obtusely angular horizontal
edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part a little
longer than broad and not extending back to the level of the eyes ;
lower portion of the rostral a little longer than broad; nasal nearly
completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial ; pree-
ocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact
with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ; supraoculars and
parietals broad; four upper labials. Diameter of body 42 or 43
times in the total length; tail nearly as long as broad, ending in a
small spine. 24 scales round the body. Brown above, each scale
with a light transverse streak anteriorly; snout and lower parts
yellowish white.
Total length 210 millim.
Queensiand.
a. Ad. Rockhampton.
76. Typhlops bicolor.
Onychocephalus bicolor, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 81.
Typhlops bicolor, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 31, 1. 4, pls, iv. & v. fig. 3
(1864).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part about half the width of the
head, not extending to the level of the eyes, its lower part as broad
as long; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second
labial; preeocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular,
in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; parietals |
broad ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 to 34 times in
the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a small
spine. 22 scales round the body. Brown or dark olive above,
whitish inferiorly. :
Total length 330 millim.,
Southern Australia (Melbourne and Adelaide) and West Australia.
a. Her. W. Australia. Mr. Duboulay [C.}.
6. Ad. Australia.
77. Typhlops bituberculatus.
Onychocephalus bituberculatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ae. 1863, p. 255
and 1867, p. 708, pl. —. fig. 4.
b
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and a knob-like
prominence above the nostrils, which are inferior. Rostral large,
more than half the width of the head, not extending to the level
of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from
the second labial; praocular present, much narrower than the
2. TYPHLOPS. 49
nasal, a little narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second
and third labials ; eyes distinct ; parietals broad; four upper labials.
Diameter of body 44 to 46 times in the total length; tail as long
as broad or a little longer than broad. 20 scales round the body.
Brown above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 320 millim.
Australia *.
a, Ad, Queensland. Indian Museum [E.].
78. Typhlops ung uirostris.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) unguirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac,
1867, p. 708, pl. —. fig. 3.
Snout very prominent and somewhat hooked, with sharp cutting
edge and inferior nostrils; nasal swollen above the nostril.
Rostral very large, extending nearly to the level of the eyes, the
portion visible from below longer than broad; nasal nearly com-
pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; pree-
ocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact
with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; supraoculars and
parietals much larger than the scales on the body; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 62 (or 56) times in the total length ;
tail nearly as long as broad, with a minute terminal point. 22 (or
24) scales round the body. Pale brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 500 millim.
North Australia.
a. Ad. N.W. Australia.
79. Typhlops affinis. (Purare III. fig. 3.)
Typhlops aflinis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 363.
This small Zyphlops has been regarded by Peters (Mon. Berl.
Ac. 1867, p. 709) as the young of 7’. unguirostris, with which it
agrees in every respect except in having only 18 scales round the
body and a somewhat longer tail. Diameter of body 57 times in
the total length.
Total length 170 millim.
Queensland.
ay Lee Queensland. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type.)
80. Typhlops arenarius.
Onychocephalus arenarius, Grandid. Ann. Se. Nat, (5) xv. 1872,
art. 20, p. 9.
Snout very prominent; nostrils inferior. Rostral large, with
* The type specimen is stated to be from Adelaide; a half-grown specimen
from the Edward River, New South Wales, is preserved in the Zoological
Museum of Cambridge University.
VOL. I. E
50 TYPHLOPID®.
sharp horizontal edge, its upper portion about two fifths the width
of the head, longer than broad and not extending to the level of
the eyes; lower portion of rostral subtriangular, gradually nar-
rowing towards the mouth; nasal completely divided, the cleft
proceeding from the second labial; praeocular present, a little
smaller than the ocular, in contact with the second and third
labials; eyes distinct; scales on vertex scarcely enlarged; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 52 to 68 times in the total length ;
tail slightly longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales round
the body. Flesh-colour.
Total length 205 millim.
Madagascar.
a. Ad. Madagascar.
81. Typhlops multilineatus.
Typhlops multilineatus, Scehleg. Abbild. p. 40, pl. xxxii. figs. 39-42
(1844); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 77; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 30,
1, 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 4 (1864).
Onychocephalus multilineatus, Dum. § Libr. vi. p. 276 (1844).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior
nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to between the eyes, the
portion visible from below as broad as long; nasal nearly com-
pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; pree-
ocular present, nearly as broad as the ocular, in contact with the
second and third labials; eyes distinct; prefrontal, supraoculars,
and parietals much broader than the scales on the body ; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 50 to 60 times in the total length ; tail
nearly twice as long as broad, ending ina spine. 20 scales round
the body. Greyish, with dark brown longitudinal lines corre-
sponding with the series of scales.
Total length 370 millim.
New Guinea and neighbouring Islands.
a. Ad. Kei Islands. Capt. Langen ; P. |].
82. Typhlops olivaceus,
Onychophis olivaceus, Gray, Cat, Inz. p. 133 (1845).
Onychocephalus olivaceus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684.
'Typhlops (Onychocephalus) angusticeps, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877,
p. 417, pl. —. fig. 3.
Snout very prominent, with a narrow, subcrescentic sharp trans-
verse edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part
longer than broad and about three fifths the width of the head, not
extending to the level of the eyes, its lower part as broad as long ;
nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first
labial; preocular present, nearly as broad as the nasal or the
ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ;
tal
2. TYPHLOPS. 51
prefrontal considerably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of
body 50 to 68 times in the total length; tail twice and a half as
long as broad, ending in a spine. 20 or 22 scales round the body.
Pale brown, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 410 millim.
Philippines, Moluccas, North-west Australia.
a. Ad. Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. (Type.
b, Ad. Mysol. pee Ore)
c, Ad. Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker.
ad. Yg. Champion Bay. Mr. Duboulay [C.].
83. Typhlops cumingii. (Prare III. fig. 4.)
Onychophis cumingii, Gray, Cat. Inz. p. 183 (1845).
Onychocephalus cumingi, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1886, p. 104.
Snout very prominent, with a narrow, subcrescentic sharp
transverse edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper
part longer than broad and about half the width of the head, not
extending to the level of the eyes, its lower part as broad as long ;
nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second
labial ; preeocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in
contact with the third labial only; prefrontal not enlarged,
parietals broad; eyes distinct ; four upper labials. Diameter of
body 48 to 52 times in the total length; tail four or five times as
long as broad, endingin a spine. 24 scales round the body. Olive-
brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 365 millim.
Philippines.
a-b. Ad. & her. Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
c. Ad. ‘ srl Sir E. Belcher fey, (Types.)
84. Typhlops simoni.
Onychocephalus simoni, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1878-79, p. 58, and
1880-81, p. 135, pl. iii, fig. 1.
Snout very prominent, pointed, with sharp cutting edge and
inferior nostrils. Head-shields granulated; rostral very large, both
upper and lower parts longer than broad; nasal cleft extending
from the first labial to the nostril, which is close to the rostral ;
preocular present, as large as the ocular, but much smaller than
the nasal, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes not
distinguishable; prefrontal and supraoculars larger than the scales
on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 57 to 60 times
in the total length ; tail slightly longer than broad, without terminal
spine. 20 scales round the body. Colourless.
Total length 165 millim.
Palestine.
a. Ad.? Haifa. Senckenberg Museum [E.].
E2
52 'YPHLOPID #.
85. Typhlops crossii. (Pxarz III. fig. 5.)
Snout very prominent, obtusely pointed, with sharp cutting edge
and inferior nostrils. Head-shields granulated ; rostral very large,
its upper portion longer than broad, its lower portion as broad as
long; nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second
labial ; preeocular present, as large as the ocular, but smaller than
the nasal, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes not
distinguishable ; prefrontal and supraoculars larger than the scales
on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 54 times in the
total length ; tail as long as broad, without terminal spine. 22 scales
round the body. Colourless.
Total length 270 millim.
West Africa.
a, Ad. Asaba, 180 miles up the Niger. Dr. J. W. Crosse [P.].
86. Typhlops mirus.
Typhlops mirus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 9,1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 7 (1860) ;
Grinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 176, pl. xvi. fig. H (1864); Theob. Cat.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 126 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 240
(1890).
Snout round and moderately prominent ; nostrils lateral. Rostral
broad, about half the width of the head; nostril between two -
nasals, the anterior of which is small and in contact with the first
and second labials ; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular, which
is in contact with the fourth labial; a subocular separating the
preocular and the ocular from the second and third labials; eyes
indistinct ; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the
body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 45 to 60 times in the
total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending obtusely, with-
out spine. 18 scales round the body. Brown above, snout and
lower parts yellowish.
Total length 140 millim.
Ceylon.
a-b, c,d. Ad. Ceylon.
e-f. Ceylon. Prof. G. B. Howes [P.].
87. Typhlops andamanensis.
Typhlops andamanensis, Stoliczka, Jown. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871,
p. 428, pl. xxv. figs. 9-12; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 124
(1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 241 (1890).
Snout round, moderately prominent; nostrils lateral. Width of
rostral above about one third the width of the head ; nostril between
two nasals, the anterior of which is small and in contact with the
first and second labials; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular;
both the latter shields separated from the labials by a pair of sub-
oculars ; eyes indistinct ; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged; four
upper labials. Diameter of body about 40 times in the total length ;
2. TYPHLOPS. 53
tail twice as long as broad, very obtuse and terminating in a minute
point. 18 scales round the body. General colour above shining deep
brownish black, t he base of the scales being somewhat dull black; sides
vinaceous; paler on the lower parts, which are throughout checkered
with white; mouth and the tail below, including the tip, also mostly
white.
Total length 165 millim.
Andaman Islands.
88. Typhlops ater.
Typhlops ater, Schleg. Abbild. p. 39, pl. xxxii. figs. 29-81 (1844) ;
Dum. & Bibr. vi. p. 312 (1844); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865,
p. 263, pl. —. fig. 4; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xi.
1878, p. 385.
Anilios ? ater, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 136 (1845).
Snout rounded; nostrils lateral. Rostral elongate, oval, extending
to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided, the cleft pro-
ceeding from the second labial; a preocular, separated from the
labials by a subocular; ocular in contact with third and fourth
upper labials ; eyes distinct, under the suture between the preocular
and the ocular; four upper labials. Diameter of body 68 times in
the total length; tail about twice as long as broad, with a very
small spine. 18 scales round the body. Black above, reddish
brown inferiorly ; lower surface of head and anal region white.
Total length 136 millim.
Java; Ternate.
89. Typhlops disparilis.
Typhlops disparilis, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 8,1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 6 (1860).
Diaphorotyphlops disparilis, Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881,
p. 70.
Snout round, moderately prominent; nostrils lateral. Rostral
narrow, extending to the level of the eyes; nostril between two
nasals, the anterior of which is small and in contact with the first
and second labials ; a prxocular, larger than the ocular, in contact
with the second and third labials ; a subocular, separating the ocular
from the labials; eyes distinguishable; upper head-scales slightly
enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 50 times in
the total length; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales
round the body. Uniform brownish.
Total length 300 millim.
Hab. ?
90. Typhlops microstomus.
Typhlops microstomus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 125; Bo-
court, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 500 (1882).
Snout rounded, flattened and very prominent; nostrils lateral.
Preocular present, broader than the nasal, in contact with the second
labial; a subocular, separating the ocular from the labials; eyes
54 TYPHLOPID 2.
distinguishable, under the suture between the preocular and the
ocular ; supraocular larger than ocular ; four upper labials. Body
slender, the scales in 18 rows; tail very short. Yellowish olive,
brighter yellow posteriorly.
Total length 275 millim.
Yucatan.
91. Typhlops inornatus. (Prate ITI. fig. 6.)
Typhlops inornatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888,
p. 344
Snout depressed, rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral.
Rostral nearly half the width of the head, not extending to the
level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact
with the first and second labials; preocular present, larger than
the ocular, in contact with the second, third, and fourth labials ;
ocular separated from the labials by a subocular ; eyes distinguishable ;
upper head-scales feebly enlarged ; four upper labials, third largest.
Diameter of body 43 times in the total length; tail a little longer
than broad, ending in aspine. 20 scales round the body. Uniform
black ; borders of mouth and end of tail yellowish.
Total length 170 millim,
New Guinea.
a. Sogere, 1750 feet. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C.]. (Type.)
92. Typhlops pallidus.
Letheobia pallida, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 322.
Snout rounded, strongly projecting; nostrils inferior. Rostral
very large, its posterior border broadly truncate and in contact with
the supraoculars and the prefrontal; nostril close to the rostral,
between two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the
first and second labials; a preocular, in contact with the second
and third labials ; eyes not distinguishable ; ocular small, separated
from the labials by a subocular, and in contact with the nasal; four
upper labials. Diameter of body 58 to 60 times in the total length ;
tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body.
Colourless.
Total length 180 millim.
Zanzibar,
a. Ad. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
b, Ad. Zanzibar. Sir Lambert Playfair [P.].
93. Typhlops lumbriciformis.
Onychocephalus (Letheobia) lumbriciformis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac.
1874, p. 377.
Snout strongly projecting, with sharp horizontal edge; nostrils
inferior, Rostral very large, its posterior border in contact with
2. TYPHLOPS. ag
the prefrontal, which is large ; nostril close to the rostral, between
two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first labial ;
preocular very large, in contact with the second, third, and fourth
labials ; ocular in contact with the nasal, separated from the fourth
labial by a subocular; eyes hidden ; four upper labials. Diameter
of body 60 times in the total length ; tail rounded, a little longer
than broad. 18 scales round the body. Colourless.
Total length 360 millim.
Zanzibar.
a. Ad. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
94. Typhlops cxcus.
Sea eocenas cecus, A. Dum, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1856, p. 462,
pl. xxi. fig. 4
Typhlops cxcus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 31, 1. 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 7
1864).
Letheobia czeca, Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, p. 322.
Snout strongly projecting, with sharp horizontal edge; nostrils
inferior. Rostral very large, its posterior border broadly truncate
and in contact with the very broad prefrontal ; nostril touching the
rostral, the nasal cleft very short and proceeding from the side of
the rostral ; preocular present, large, in contact with the second
and third labials; ocular small, smaller than the subocular, by
which it is separated from the labials, in contact with the nasal ;
eyes not distinguishable; four upper labials. Diameter of body
74 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, ending in a
spine. 22 scales round the body. Pale brownish.
Total length 370 millim.
Gaboon and Sierra Leone.
a. Ad. Sierra Leone. Dr. A. Giinther [P.].
95. Typhlops newtonii.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) newtoni, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. (2) ii.
1891, p. 61.
Closely allied to the preceding, but rostral rounded behind instead
of truncate, preocular and ocular subequal in size, and scales in 28
rows. Uniform yellowish white.
Total length 400 millim. ; diameter of body 8; length of tail 6.
Ilheo das Rolas, south of St. Thomé, Gulf of Guinea.
96. Typhlops unitzniatus.
Typhlops (Letheohia) uniteniatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878,
p. 205, pl. ii. fig. 5.
Snout very prominent, hooked, with sharp horizontal edge and
inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending posteriorly far beyond
-
56 TYPHLOPIDA.
the level of the eyes; nasal extending over the eye, in contact with
the ocular, which is small; a preeocular and a subocular ; eyes dis-
tinguishable ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 62 or 63 times
in the total length ; tail very short. 25 scales round the middle of
the body, 27 anteriorly. Black, with a yellow vertebral stripe
three scales wide ; a stripe on the rostral, lower surface of snout,
and lips brownish yellow.
Total length 375 millim.
Somaliland and Zanzibar.
a. Ad. Mombasa. Mr. Last [C.].
97. Typhlops acutus.
Onychocephalus acutus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 333 (1844) ; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 177, pl. xiv. fig. A (1864) ; Peters, Mon. Berl.
- Ac. 1865, p. 263; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 126 (1876).
Typhlops russellii (non Schleg.), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 152 (1845).
Onychocephalus wesiermanni, Liitk. Vid. Meddel. 1862, p. 306, pl. i.
fie. 5.
Typhlops excipiens, Jan, Icon. Gén. 9, pl. i. fig. 5 (1865).
Gryptotyphlops acutus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1881, p. 70.
Typhlops acutus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 242 (1890).
Snout pointed and hooked, with sharp horizontal edge and inferior
nostrils, Rostral very large, extending posteriorly far beyond the
level of the eyes; nostrils close to the rostral ; nasal extending over
the eye, in contact with and nearly as broad as the ocular; a pre-
ocular and a subocular; eyes distinguishable ; preefrontal and supra-
oculars much broader than the scales on the body; four upper
labials. Diameter of body 40 to 60 times in the total length ; tail
as long as or shorter than broad, terminating in a spine. 28 to
34 scales round the middle of the body, 30 to 36 anteriorly. Pale
brown above, each scale with or without a yellowish transverse
streak ; yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 610 millim.
India.
a, Ad. India. Dr. P. Russell [P.]. (Type of
T. russellit.)
6: Ye. Aska, Ganjam. E. A. Minchin, Esq. [P.].
@-Ad. Belgaum. Dr. Leith [P.].
df. Her. Bombay. Dr. Leith | P.|:
GorAd. Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.}.
h-v. Ad. Madras Presidency. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
k. Ad. Malabar. Sir A. Smith | P. }.
l,m. Ad. & hgr. Malabar. Col. Beddome [C. ].
n. Ad. Nellumbar. Col. Beddome | C. }.
(O. malabaricus, Bedd.)
o. Ad, Palghat Hills. Col. Beddome [C.].
p. Her. Anamallays, Col. Beddome | C. |.
q. Ad. Trichinopoly. Col. Beddome ch
GLAUCONIIDA. 57
3. TYPHLOPHIS.
Cephalolepis (non Rafin.), Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 314 (1844) ; Jan,
Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 53 (1864).
Typhlophis, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 69.
Head covered with uniform small scales; nostril between two
very small nasals ; rostral very small, not extending to the upper
surface of the snout.
Brazil and Guiana.
1. Typhlophis squamosus.
Typhlops squamosus, Schley. Abbild. p. 36, pl. xxxii. figs. 9-12
(1844).
Cephalolepis leucocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 315 (1844); Jan,
op. cit. 1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 11 (1860).
Anilios ? squamosus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 136 (1845).
Typhlophis squamosus, Peter's, /. c.
Snout rounded, feebly projecting. Eyes distinguishable. Dia-
meter of body about 40 times in the total length; tail as long as
broad, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Brown or
black ; snout and end of tail yellowish.
Total length 130 millim.
Brazil and Guiana.
fi
—
ALR Gi AY
Fam. 2. GLAUCONIID.
Scolécophides Catodoniens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 317,
1844,
Typhlopside, part. (Glauconiina), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 180, 1845.
Opotérodontes Catodoniens, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. p. 423,
1853.
Typhlopside, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 9, 1863.
Catodonta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1364, p. 230.
Stenostomi, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 68, and Reise
n. Mossamb, iii. p. 100, 1882.
Stenostomide, Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc, xxiii. p. 481, 1886,
Glauconiide, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 242, 1890.
Cranial bones solidly united ; no ectopterygoid; pterygoid not
extending to quadrate or mandible ; no supratemporal ; prefrontal
forming a suture with nasal; maxillary bordering the mouth,
forming a suture with the premaxillary, prefrontal, and frontal,
toothless ; no teeth on palate. Lower jaw toothed; coronoid bone
present. Pelvis present, consisting of ilium, pubis, and ischium ;
the latter forming a ventral symphysis; a rudimentary femur.
Body covered with uniform cycloid scales ; eyes under the shields.
Africa, South-western Asia, Southern North America, Tropical
America.
58 GLAUCONIID®.
The Snakes of this Family bear a very close superficial resemblance
to the T'yphlopide, from which they may be distinguished externally
Skull of Glauconia macrolepis (after Peters).
by the character of the nasal shield which, whether single or divided,
borders the lip, and by the enlarged preanal.
1. ANOMALEPIS.
Anomalepis, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1861, p. 6, and Arch. Anat. Zool.
Phys. i. 1862, p. 185, and Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 6 (1864); Peters,
Sttzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 69; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex.,
Rept, p. 503 (1882).
A pair of large preefrontals and a frontal ; nasal large and lateral,
semidivided, bordering the lip. Preeanal scales enlarged.
Mexico.
This genus was referred by Jan to the 7yphlopide, but it does
not appear from his descriptions that he ever examined the dentition.
I therefore follow Garman (N. Am. Rept. p. 129, 1883) in placing
it in‘the present family, as, judging from external characters, it
appears to stand in the same relation to Glauconia as Helminthophis
to Lyphlops.
2. GLAUCONTIA. 59
1. Anomalepis mexicana.
Anomalepis mexicanus, Jan, ll. ce, Icon. 1.1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 1 (1860) ;
Bocourt, 1. c.
Snout rounded, moderately prominent; nostrils lateral ; rostral
rather small; prafrontals and frontal subequal in size, the former
forming a median suture; supraoculars well developed; eye dis-
tinguishable under the ocular ; two superposed preoculars, the lower
in contact with the two labials ; two small suboculars; two upper
labials. Diameter of body 32 times in the total length ; tail broader
than long, rounded. 22 scales round the body ; a pair of enlarged
preanals. Reddish brown, lighter inferiorly, the scales with a
yellowish-white border.
Total length 130 millim.
Mexico. a;
2. GLAUCONTA, |
Stenostoma (non Latr.), Wagler, in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 68 (1824) ;
Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 822 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid.
p- 84 (1864); Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 71, and
Reise n. Mossamb. iti. p. 102 (1882); Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex.,
Rept. p. 504 (1882).
Typhlops, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 195 (1830).
Catodon (non L.), Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 318.
Glauconia, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 189 (1845); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 243 (1890); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 589.
Epictia, Gray, l. c.
Rena, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 142 (1853) ; Cope, 1. e.
. 590.
ee Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 181.
Rhamphostoma (nox Wagl.), Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862,
enO0:
retcHedbstomas Jan, l.c.
Tetracheilostoma, Jan, l.c. p. 191.
Siagonodon, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p.71; Bocourt, l.e.
. 507.
Ber ichlons Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 501.
Rostral, nasal, and ocular large; frontal small, scale-like; nasal
divided or semidivided, extending on each side of the rostral to the
upper surface of the head, bordering the lip. Preanal scale
enlarged.
_ Africa, South-western Asia, America.
Synopsis of the Species.
iB Supraocular present, the ocular being separated from its fellow,
on the top of the head, by three shields.
A. Ocular bordering the lip, separated from the lower part of the
nasal by a single labial.
1, Snout hooked, the preoral portion flat or concave inferiorly.
60 GLAUCONIID.
a. Diameter of body more than 100 times in the total length.
1. macrorhynchus,
[pole
-b. Diameter of body less than 100 times in the total length.
Snouirounded. -. ..: ..0.0. «eee 2. distanti, p. 62.
Snout with angular horizontal edge...... 3. rostrata, p. 62.
2. Snout not hooked.
a. First labial reaching, or nearly reaching, the eye.
Anterior labial broader than the lower
border’of the ocular 7. ees aera 4. affinis, p. 62.
Anterior labial narrower than the lower
border of the ocular; nasal completely
divided into two"). :0.../06n eeepeeeee 5. albifrons, p. 63.
Anterior labial narrower than the lower
border of the ocular; nasal semidivided. 6. goudotii, p. 64.
b. First labial not reaching the eye.
a. Supraocular nearly twice as broad as long, followed by
a single transversely enlarged shield.
Nasal divided ; length of tail 9 times in
the total length: - «.... scjescqe te oe frases 7. emini, p. 64.
Nasal semidivided ; length of tail 13 times
im: the total, ..:.. .. vs siti seers 8. sagnata, p. 64.
(3. Supraocular small.
* Diameter of body 40 to 57 times in the total
length; rostral not twice as broad as the nasal,
not extending to the level of the posterior border
of the eyes.
Y First labial smaller than the lower part of the
nasal ; first median head-shield considerably
longer than broad .... 9. dimidiata, p. 64.
tr First labial smaller than the lower part of the
nasal; first median head-shield not or but slightly
longer than broad.
Length of tail 17 to 20 times in the total
Hength =)... «sacs 2s 5 ages ae ee 10. dulcis, p. 65.
Length of tail 25 to 30 times in the total
lens eHee)./.. 3.2. . iP ee ee 16. brevicauda, p. 67.
Length of tail 8 to 13 times in the total
| Te 8 oP i 8 17. nigricans, p. 67.
Trt First labial as large as the lower part of the
masal ..ivijcsjee eee 11. narirostris, p. 65.
2. GLAUCONIA. 61
** Diameter of body 60 to 90 times in the total length ;
rostral not extending to the level of the posterior
border of the eyes,
+ Nasal semidivided.
First labial not one fourth the size of the
SOROUON UMM ss cet tet ees 12. cairi, p. 65.
First labial nearly half the sizeof the second. 13. fitzingeri, p. 66.
tt Nasal completely divided into two.
Rostral nearly twice as broad as the nasal. 14. blanfordii, p. 66.
Rostral but little broader than the nasal .. 15. longicauda, p. 66.
**# Diameter of body 47 to 80 times in the total length ;
rostral extending to the level of the posterior
border of the eyes.
Rostral not twice the width of the nasal ..' 18. conjuncta, p. 67.
Rostral.at least twice the width of the nasal. 19. scutifrons, p. 68.
B. Ocular bordering the lip, separated from the lower part of the
nasal by two labials.
1. Supraocular large, as broad as the shields following.
20. sundevallii, p. 68.
2. Supraocular small.
Second labial small, not larger than first .. 21. bicolor, p. 69.
Second labial larger than first, not reaching
PREM Ou Pretee span le Ait si, cle ves: od oy: 5 22. macrolepis, p. 69. —
Second labial larger than first, reaching the
ENG oa Ligigs oops op eee eae 23. myopica, p. 69.
C. Ocular not reaching the lip.
Three upper labials, second largest’ ©... .. 24. dissimilis, p. 70.
Four upper labials, fourth largest ...... 25. bilineata, p. 70. ~
II. No supraocular, the ocular being separated from its fellow, on
the top of the head, by a single shield.
First labial reaching the eye .......... 26. humilis, p. 70.
First labial not reaching the eye ........ 27. septemstriata, p. 71.
1. Glauconia macrorhynchus.
Stenostoma macrorhynchum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862,
p- 190, and Icon. Gén. p. 39, 1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 12 (1864).
Glauconia macrorhynchus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p- 92.
Snout prominent, hooked, the preoral portion concave inferiorly ;
supraocular present, small; rostral extending to the level of the
eyes ; nasal completely divided ; ocular bordering the lip, between
62 GLAUCONIIDA.
two labials, the first of which is very small. 14 scales round the
body. Diameter of body 118 times in the total length; length of
tail 10 times. Colourless.
Total length 170 millim.
Nubia, Euphrates (?).
a-b. Euphrates Expedition.
2. Glauconia distanti.
Glauconia distanti, Bouleng. in Distant, Natur. in the Transvaal,
p- 175, fig. (1892).
Snout rounded, projecting beyond the mouth, slightly hooked,
the preoral portion concave inferiorly ; supraocular present ; rostral
shield very large, extending posteriorly far beyond the level of the
eyes, its upper portion nearly as broad as long and covering almost
the entire upper surface of the snout and crown; nasal completely
divided into two, the lower part very small; ocular bordering the
lip, between two labials, the anterior of which is very small; five
lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 65
times in the totallength; length of tail 12times. Uniform blackish,
the borders of the scales lighter.
Total length 130 millim.
Transvaal.
a, Ad. Pretoria. W. L. Distant, Esq. [P.]. (Type.)
3. Glauconia rostrata.
Stenostoma rostratum, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi, 1886, p. 173.
Glauconia rostrata, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92.
Snout prominent, slightly hooked, with sharp horizontal edge ;
supraocular present ; rostral broad, its posterior extremity truncate
and extending beyond the level of the eyes; nasal completely
divided; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials. 14 scales
round the body. Diameter of body 64 times in the total length ;
length of tail16 times. Light brown above, the borders of the scales
lighter.
Total length 192 millim.
Benguela and Angola.
a. Her. Angola. Lieut. Cameron [P.].
4, Glauconia affinis. (Pxare III. fig. 7.)
Stenostoma affine, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xiii. 1884, p. 396.
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small ; rostral not extending
quite to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two ;
ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which
reaches the eye and is broader than the lower part of the ocular ;
six lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body
2. GLAUCONIA. 63
51 times in the total length ; length of tail 13 times. Brown
above, each scale darker in the centre ; whitish inferiorly,
Total length 205 millim.
Venezuela.
a. Ad. Tachira, Venezuela. (Type.)
5. Glauconia albifrons,
Stenostoma albifrons, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 68, pl. xxv. fig. 3
(1824); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p.327 (1844); d’Orb. Voy. Am. Meér.
v., Rept. p. 9, pl. vi. figs. 1-6 (1847); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 34, 1. 2,
pls. v. & vi. fig. 1 (1864); Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876,
p. 128; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 505, pl. xxix. fig. 10 (1882).
Typhlops albifrons, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 77 (1831).
undecimstriatus, Schley. Abbild. p. 36 (1844).
tesselatum, 7'schudi, Faun. Per., Herp. p. 46 (1845).
Epictia undecimstriata, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 140 (1845).
Stenostoma fallax, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 402.
Sabrina tessellata, Girard, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 181.
Stenostoma melanosterna, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 350.
—— phenops, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 128.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, large, in contact with or
separated from the first labial; rostral extending hardly to the
level of the eyes; nasal completely divided; ocular bordering the
lip, between two labials ; six lower labials. 14 scales round the
body. Diameter of body 45 to 55 times in the total length; length
of tail 15 to 21 times. Brown, lighter beneath, each scale with
lighter outer edges, forming more or less distinct longitudinal lines ;
forehead, lips, and end of tail usually white.
Total length 275 millim.
Tropical America, from Tehuantepec and the Lesser Antilles to
Peru and Argentina.
a, Her. Tehuantepec.
b. Her. Santo Domingo de Guzman. Dr. A. C. Buller [C.].
c-e. Her. Ruatan, 8. Mexico. F. D. Godman & O.
Salvin, Esqs. [P.1.
f-g. Hgr. & yg. Jalapa. Mr. Hoege re}.
h. Yg. Venezuela.
ik. Ad. Trinidad. Sir A. Smith [P.].
Lm. Her. Grenada.
n. Her. ~ Antigua.
o. Ad. Cayenne.
p. Her. Santa Martha, Brazil.
qg. Ad, Corumba, Matto Grosso, S. Moore, Esq. [P.].
r. Ad. Palmeira, Parana. Dr. G. F. Grillo [C.}.
s. Ad. Santarem, Upper Amazon. W. Bates, Esq. [C. ].
f, Ad. Moyobamba, EK. Peru, A. H. Roff, Esq. | C.}.
u. Yg. Lima. C. Darwin, Esq. [P.].
Diy Lima. Prof. W. Nation ral
w, x-y. Ad. Peru.
z. Her. Dep. of Soriano, Uruguay, _—‘R, Havers, Esq. [P.].
a-e. Ad. & yg. 8S. America. E. Cook, Esq. fe
64 GLAUCONIID®.
G. Glauconia goudotii.
Stenostoma Secpieats Dum. § Bib, vi. p. 330 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
p. 35, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 2 (1864).
Snout rounded; supraocular present ; ; rostral extending to between
the eyes ; nasal semidivided ; ocular bordering the lip, between two
labials, the anterior of which reaches the eye. 14 scales round the
body. Length of tail 21 times in the total length. Blackish, each
scale edged with lighter.
Total length 145 millim.
Magdalena Valley, Colombia.
7. Glauconia emini. (Ptare III. fig. 8.)
Glauconia emini, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 91.
Snout rounded ; supraocular large, nearly twice as broad as long,
followed by a single large transverse shield; rostral a little broader
than the nasal, not extending quite to between the eyes; nasal
completely divided; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials,
the anterior of which equals the lower portion of the nasal in size ;
six lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body
55 times in the total length; length of tail 9 times. Uniform
blackish.
Total length 110 millim.
Central Africa.
a-b, Ad. Karagwe, Victoria Nyanza. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.].
(Types.)
er Ad. Niomkolo, Tanganyika. A. Carson, Esq. [P.].
8. Glauconia signata.
Stenostoma signatum, HEL Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 188
and Icon. Gén. Pp: 36, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 3 (1864).
Snout rounded; supraocular present, large, followed by a single
large transverse shield; rostral extending to between the eyes;
nasal semidivided ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials,
the anterior of which is small and does not reach the eye. 14 scales
round the body. Diameter of body 65 times in the total length,
length of tail 13 times. Blackish, dorsal scales edged with white.
Total length 130 millim.
Hab.
?
9. Glauconia dimidiata.
Stenostoma dimidiatum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 188,
and Icon, Gén. p. 36, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 4 (1864).
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small, not larger than the
median head-shield, which is considerably longer than broad;
rostral extending to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided
2. GLAUCONIA. 65
into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior
of which does not reach the eye. 14 scales round the body.
Diameter of body 47 times in the total length, tail 14 times. Pale
reddish brown above, the scales edged with white.
Total length 280 millim.
Brazil.
10. Glauconia dulcis.
Rena dulcis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Amer. Rept. p. 142 (1853), and
Rep. Explor. Surv. x. 1859, pl. xxxiii. fig. 100.
Stenostoma dulce, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 305; Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 189, and Icon, Gén. p. 36, 1. 2, pls. v.
& vi. fig. 5 (1864) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 506, pl. xxix.
fig. 8 (1882); Garman, N. Am. Rept. i. pp. 5, 130 (1883).
rubellum, Garman, /. e. p. 130.
? Leptotyphlops dulcis, Stejneyer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891,
501.
p-
Glauconia dulcis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. xiv. 1892, p. 590.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to
the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular
bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which does
not reach the eye; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body.
Diameter of body 44 to 60 times in the total length, length of tail
17 to 20 times. Pale brown above, white below.
Total length 220 millim.
4 Florida, Texas, Mexico.
a-d, e. Ad. & her. Duval County, Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.].
11. Glauconia narirostris.
Stenostoma narirostre, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 708, pl. —.
fig. 2.
Glauconia narirostris, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p. 92.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral hardly as
broad as the nasal, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal com-
pletely divided into two, the nostril close to the rostral; ocular
bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which equals
the lower part of the nasal in size and does not reach the eye; six
lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 49
times in the total length, length of tail 83 times. Brown above,
whitish inferiorly.
Total length 195 millim.
Lagos, West Africa.
a, Ad. W. Africa,
12. Glauconia cairi.
Stenostoma cairi, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 823 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén,
p. 37, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 6 (1864).
Glauconia cairi, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92.
VoL. I. F
66 GLAUCONIID®.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to
the level of the eyes ; nasal semidivided ; ocular bordering the lip,
between two labials, the first of which is extremely small, not one
fourth the size of the second; five lower labials. 14 scales round
the body. Diameter of body 65 to 90 times in the total length,
length of tail 14 or 15 times. Pale reddish or purplish brown
above, whitish beneath.
Total length 190 millim. ; reaches to 235 millim.
Egypt.
a, Ad. Island of Rhoda, near Cairo. Dr. J. Anderson [ P.].
b-c. Ad. Luxor. Dr. J. Anderson | P. |.
d. Her. Thebes. Prof. Peters [P. ].
13. Glauconia fitzingeri.
Stenostoma fitzingeri, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 189,
and Icon. Gén. p. 37, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 7 (1864).
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to
the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided ; ocular bordering the lip,
between two labials, the anterior of which does not reach the eye.
14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 80 times in the total
length, length of tail 13 times. Greyish, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 160 millim.
Rhodes.
14. Glauconia blanfordii.
Glauconia blanfordii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 248, fig. (1890).
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral nearly twice
as broad as the nasal, reaching nearly the level of the eyes; nasal
completely divided into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two
labials, the first of which is very small: five lower labials. 14
scales round the body. Diameter of body 60 to 70 times in the
total length, length of tail 12 to 14 times. Pale brownish.
Total length 240 millim.
Sind.
a-e. Ad. & yg. Sind. Dr. Leith [P.}. (Types.)
15. Glauconia longicauda.
Stenostoma longicauda, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621, and
Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 102, pl. xv. fig. 5 (1882).
Glauconia longicauda, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p. 92.
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small, followed by a single
transversely enlarged (postocular) shield ; rostral extending to the
level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided into two ; ocular bordering
the lip, between two labials, the first of which is very small. 14
2. GLAUCONIA. 67
scales round the body. Diameter of body 70 times in the total
length, length of tail 9 times. Flesh-colour.
Total length 208 millim.
Mozambique.
16. Glauconia brevicauda.
Stenostoma brevicauda, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. xi. 1887, p. 194.
oe brevicauda, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p- 92.
Resembles S. nigricans, but differs in the narrower rostral and
much shorter tail, which measures hardly twice its basal diameter
and is contained 25 to 30 times in the total length. Diameter of
body 57 times in the total length. Chocolate-brown above, greyish
white inferiorly.
Total length 170 millim.
Dahomey and Ashantee, West Africa.
a. Ad. Ashantee.
17. Glauconia nigricans.
Typhlops nigricans, Schley. Abbild. p. 38, pl. xxxii. figs. 21-24
(1844).
Stenostoma nigricans, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 826 (1844).
Glauconia nigricans, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 139 (1845).
Stenostoma nigricans, part., Smzth, Lll. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pls. li.
fig. 4, & liv. fig. 25 (1846) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 38, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi.
fig. 8 (1864) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 102 (1882).
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small; rostral as broad as
or a little broader than the nasal, extending to the level of the
anterior border of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two;
ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which
is very small; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body.
Diameter of body 40 to 53 times in the total length, length of tail
8 to 13 times. Brown or blackish, the scales edged with lighter.
Total length 160 millim.
South Africa.
a. Ad. Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith ie
b, Ad, Cape of Good Hope. Dr. J. Lee [P.].
ec, Ad. Port Elizabeth. A. E. Craven, Esq. [ P.)].
d. Several specs., Port Elizabeth. J. P.M. Weale, Esq. [P.].
ad. & hgr -
e-f. Ad. & hgr. Port Elizabeth. H. A. Spencer, Esq. [P.].
18. Glauconia conjuncta.
Stenostoma nigricans, part., Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. liv.
fig. 21 (1846) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 38 (1864); Peters, Reise n.
Mossamb, iii. p. 102 (1882).
—— conjunctum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1861, p. 189, and
Icon. Gén. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 9 (1861).
F2
68 GLAUCONIID A,
? Stenostoma groutii, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. 128.
Glauconia conjuncta, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p- 92.
This form connects S. nigricans with S. scutifrons. Rostral not
twice the width of the nasal, extending to or slightly beyond the
level of the posterior border of the eyes. Diameter of body 47 to
60 times in the total length, length of tail 9 to 12 times.
Total length 155 millim,
South and East Africa.
a-c. Ad. & her. S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.].
d, Ad. S. Africa, Dr. Quain [P.].
e. Hey. Natal. E. Howlett, Esq. [P.].
f-g. Ad. & yg. Kalimanjaro. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [P.].
19. Glauconia scutifrons.
Stenostoma scutifrons, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621, and
1865, p. 261, pl. —. fig. 5, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 104, pl. xv.
fig. 4 (1882).
Glauconia scutifrons, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p. 92.
Snout rounded: supraocular present, small; rostral very large,
at least thrice as broad as the nasal, extending to the level of the
posterior border of the eyes or a little beyond; nasal completely
divided into two ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the
anterior of which is extremely small; five lower labials. 14 scales
round the body. Diameter of body 60 to 80 times in the total
length, length of tail 12 to 20 times. Brown or blackish above,
whitish inferiorly.
Total length 170 millim.
Mozambique, Damaraland, Benguela.
a-b. Ad. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C. }.
20. Glauconia sundevallii,
Stenostoma sundevalli, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 191,
and Icon. Gén. p. 40, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 11 (1864).
Glauconia sundevallii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p. 92.
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, large, as broad as the shield
following; rostral not extending quite to the level of the eyes ;
nasal semidivided; ocular bordering the lip; three labials, two in
front of, and one behind, the ocular; second labial twice as large as
first, reaching the eye and forming a suture with the supraocular.
14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 42 times in the total
length, length of tail 173 times. Dark reddish brown above, light
greyish inferiorly.
Total length 105 millim.
West Africa.
2. GLAUCONIA, 69
21. Glauconia bicolor.
Stenostoma bicolor, Jan, Icon. Gén. 1, pl. v. fig. 15 (1860), and p. 40
(1864), and Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i, 1862, p. 191; Peters, Arch,
J. Nat. 1862, p. 40; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1886, p. 59.
gracile, Jan, op. cit. pls. v. & vi. fig. 14.
Glauconia bicolor, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral extending
nearly to the level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided into two ;
ocular bordering the lip; three labials, two in front of, and one
behind, the ocular; first and second labials very small, subequal in
size. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 50 to 65 times
in the total length, length of tail 20 to 26 times. Dark brown
above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 125 millim.
Gold Coast.
a, Her. Fantee. T. E. Bowditch, Esq. [P.].
22. Glauconia macrolepis.
Stenostoma macrolepis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 402; Jan,
Icon. Gén, p. 40, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 10 (1864).
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small ; rostral extending to
the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular
bordering the lip ; three labials, two in front of, and one behind, the
ocular ; second labial not reaching the eye; six lower labials. 14
scales round the body. Diameter of body 41 times in the total
length, length of tail 14 (to 153) times. Dark brown above, lighter
beneath, each scale with lighter border.
Total length 290 millim.
Venezuela.
a, Ad, Venezuela,
23. Glauconia myopica.
Stenostoma myopicum, Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 6 (1883).
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to
the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular
bordering the lip; three labials, two in front of, and one behind, the
ocular; second labial reaching nearly the. eye; five lower labials.
14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 50 times in the total
length, length of tail 16 to 20 times. Pale brown above, whitish
inferiorly.
Total length 200 millim.
Mexico.
a. Ad. Tampico. Messrs. Godman & Salvin [P.].
b-e, Ad. Mexico,
70 GLAUCONIIDA.
24. Glauconia dissimilis.
Stenostoma dissimile, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1886, p. 174.
Glaneomia dissimilis, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. 6) vi. 1890,
p. 92.
Snout rounded; supraocular present; nasal completely divided ;
three upper labials, second largest and separating the ocular from
the mouth. Diameter of body 42 times in the total length, length
of tail 114 times.
Total length 104 millim.
White Nile.
25. Glauconia bilineata.
Typhlops bilineatus, Schley. Abdild. p. 36, pl. xxxii. figs. 5-8 (1844).
Stenostoma bilineatum, Dum. & Brbr. vi. p. 331 (1844) ; Jan, Icon.
Gén. p. 41, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 12 (1864).
Snout rounded; supraocular present; rostral rather small,
narrower than the nasal, not extending to the level of the eyes;
nasal completely divided into two; ocular not descending to the lip ;
four upper labials, fourth largest; six lower labials. 14 scales
round the body. Diameter of body 36 times in the total length,
length of tail 14 times. Yellowish, each dorsal scale with a large
reddish-brown spot ; a yellowish dorso-lateral line.
Total length 110 millim.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Barbados.
a, Ad. Martinique.
b. Her. Barbados, Col. Feilden [ P.].
26. Glauconia humilis.
Rena humilis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 143 (1855) ;
Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 501.
Stenostoma humile, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 805; Garman,
N. Am. Rept. p. 180 (1888).
Catodon dugesii, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iv. 1881, p. 81.
Siagonodon dugesil, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 507, pl. xxix.
fig. 9 (1882).
Stenostoma tenuiculum, Garman, 1. ¢.
Rena dugesii, Cope, Bull. U.S, Nat. ae no. 32, 1887, p. 64.
tenuicula, Cope, l. c. p. 91.
Snout rounded; no supraoculars, the oculars being separated
from each other, on the top of the head, by a single shield; rostral
extending nearly to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided
into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the
anterior of which nearly reaches the eye; five lower labials. 14
scales round the body. Diameter of body 47 to 55 times in the
total length, length of tail 17 (15-23) times. Brown above,
whitish inferiorly.
BOIDE. TI
Total length 190 millim.
Arizona, Lower California, and Western Mexico.
a-b, Ad. Presidio, near Mazatlan. Mr. Forrer [C.].
+-—sF
27. Glauconia septemstriata.
Typhlops septemstriatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. & 34] (1801).
, Catodon septemstriatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 319 (1844).
: Stenostoma septemstriatum, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 39, 1.1, pls. v. & vi.
: fig. 13 (1864).
Siagonodon septemstriatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde,
1881, p. 71; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 507 (1882).
Snout rounded; no supraoculars, the oculars being separated
from each other, on the top of the head, by a single shield; rostral
truncate above, extending to between the eyes; nasal completely
divided into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the
anterior of which is very small. 14 scales round the body.
Diameter of body 45 times in the total length, length of tail 28
times. Yellowish, with seven black lines along the dorsal scales,
Total length 280 millim.
Hab. ?
Fam. 3. BOIDZ.
Constrictores, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 49, 1811.
Pythonoidea, Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rept. p. 27, 1826.
Colubrini, part., Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
Macrostomata, part. (Holodonta, Isodonta, part.), J. Miller, Zettschr.
J. Physiol. iv. p. 270, 1831.
Boide, part., Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 41, 1842. Aa? .
Azémiophides Pythoniens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén, vi. p. 358,
1844,
Boide, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 82, 1849. 3
Aglyphodontes Holodontiens, part., Aprotérodontiens, part., Duméril,
Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. pp. 424, 428, 1853.
Asinea, part. (Peropoda), Stannius, Zool. Amph. p. 6, 1856.
Boeide, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 19, 1865.
Pythonide, Boide, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 280.
Pythonid, Erycidx, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. pp. 328, 332, 1864.
Peropodes, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 105, 1882.
Pythonide, Boidw, Charinide, Cope, Am. Nat. 1886, p. 294, and
Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 482, 1886.
Boidee, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 234, 1890.
Maxillary, palatine, and pterygoid movable; transpalatine present ;
pterygoid extending to quadrate or mandible; supratemporal
present, attached scale-like to cranium, suspending quadrate ;
prefrontal in contact with nasal. Mandible with coronoid bone.
Teeth in both jaws. Vestiges of pelvis and hind limbs, usually
terminating in a claw-like spur visible on each side of the vent.
72 BOID”. |
South-eastern Europe, Central and South Asia, Africa, Australia,
Western North America, Central and South America, and West
Indies, :
Fig. 3.
f pif ong p pro ste .,
= co a] pees Q - C0.
is i —— ti GF
Skull of Python amethystinus.
Synopsis of the Subfamilies and Genera.
I. Supraorbital bone present ...... PYTHONIN A.
A. Premaxillary bone toothed ; subcaudals mostly in two rows.
1. Tail not or but very slightly prehensile; rostral shield
without or with shallow pits.
No labial pits ; nostril lateral, in a single nasal ; no loreal.
1. Loxocemus, p. 74.
Lower labials with pits ; nostril lateral, between two nasals.
2. Nardoa, p. 75.
BOID#. 73
Lower labials with pits; nostril supero-lateral, in a semidivided
PRUE in sho 6s «5 os gus air 3. Liasis, p. 76.
2. Tail prehensile ; rostral and anterior upper labials deeply
Te o's 0. 5,60 059.2 ma 4,°Python, p. 80.
B. Premaxillary bone toothless.
Palate toothed; labials pitted; tail prehensile, with two rows of
FMEMRRUIS ory cho ss)s 08 Sin a 05s.) pare 5. Chondropython, p. 90.
Palate toothed; no labial pits; tail not or but very slightly
prehensile, with the subcaudals mostly single.
6. Aspidites, p. 91.
Palate toothless; no labial pits; no mental groove; tail not pre-
hensile ; subcaudals single ...... 7. Calabaria, p. 92.
II. No supraobital bone; no premaxillary teeth; subcaudals
THOSE SIMON) oe. cs ss Os tt BOIN A.
A. Head distinct from neck ; tail more or less prehensile.
1. Anterior teeth very strongly enlarged.
Scales smooth ; labials withdeep pits. 9. Gorallus, p. 99.
Seales keeled ; no labial pits........ 10. Enygrus, p. 104.
2. Maxillary and mandibular teeth gradually decreasing in
size.
a. No enlarged rostral shield ; scales strongly keeled.
11. Trachyboa, p. 109.
6. An enlarged rostral shield.
a. Scales moderate, in 21 to 29 rows.
One or two pairs of prefrontal shields. 12. Ungalia, p. 110.
A large azygous prefrontal shield.... 13. Ungaliophis, p. 114.
2. Scales very small.
Scales smooth; nasals in contact behind the rostral.
14. Eunectes, p. 115.
Scales smooth ; nasals separated by small scales; tail short.
15. Boa, p. 116.
Scales keeled; nasals separated by a pair of internasals ; tail long.
16. Casarea, p. 121.
B. Head not distinct from neck; tail not or but slightly
prehensile.
1. Scales tri- or quinquecarinate ; snout with large shields ;
rostral moderate.......... 17. Bolieria, p. 121.
74 BOID”.
2. Scales smooth or unicarinate.
Head covered with small scales ; rostral large.
18. Eryx, p. 122.
Head covered with small scales; rostral moderate, deeper than
ROR ees tsk. vies sie tea 19. Lichanura, p. 129.
Head covered with large shields ; rostral large.
20. Charina, p. 130.
Subfam. 1. PYTHONIN.
Pythonina, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43, 1842.
Holodontes (Pythonides), Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 381,
1844.
Pythonina, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 82, 1849.
Pythones, Loxocemi, Cope, Proce. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 304.
Krycides, part., Pythonides, Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 64, 1864.
Loxocemina, Pythonina, Chondropythonina, Boulenger, Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, 1879, p. 147.
Pythoninz, Chondropythoninee, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 244,
1890.
Supraorbital bone present.
1. LOXOCEMUS.
Loxocemus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, pp.76 & 304; Bocourt,
‘Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 514 (1882).
Plastoseryx, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 242, and Icon. Gén. p. 65
(1864).
Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head not distinct
from neck, covered with symmetrical shields; rostral large and
projecting; no loreal shield, preefrontals in contact with labials ;
nostrils lateral, in a small nasal, which is separated from its fellow
by a pair of internasals; frontal in contact with an azygous
occipital shield. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body cylin-
drical; scales moderate, smooth. Tail short, conical, not prehensile ;
subcaudals in two rows.
Mexico.
1. Loxocemus bicolor.
Loxocemus bicolor, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 76; Giinth.
Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 55, and Zool. Rec. 1864,
p- 128; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mev., Rept. p. 515, pl. xxx. fig. 5
(1882).
Plastoseryx bronni, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 244, and Icon. Gén.
p. 66, 1. 8, pl. i. (1864).
Loxocemus sumichrasti, Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. vy. 1876, p. 344.
—— bronni, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 516, pl. xxx. fig. 6.
Snout very prominent. Rostral broader than deep, the portion
2. NARDOA. To
visible from aboye measuring one half to two thirds its distance
from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal
a little longer than broad, separating the parietals, and in contact
with the occipital ; supraocular small; one pre- and two or three
postoculars ; ten or eleven upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fifth
and sixth entering the eye (or separated from it by a subocular).
Scales in 31 to 33 rows. Ventrals 250-265; anal divided; sub-
caudals 89-47. Reddish or purplish brown above, uniform or with
irregularly scattered small yellowish spots, uniform yellowish white
beneath.
Total length 880 millim. ; tail 90.
Southern Mexico.
a-b. 2 (V. 265, 252; Tehuantepec. FF. Sumichrast[C.].
C. 44, 39).
ec. Hgr. (V. 256; C. 47). ——? G. Lennox Conyngham, Esq.
eae
2. NARDOA.
Skull of Nardoa boa.
Tortrix, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1837).
Nardoa, part., Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 45 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 93
(1849).
Nardoa, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 444 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén.
p. 99 (1864).
76 BOIDE.
Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary teeth longest,
gradually decreasing in size ; anterior mandibular teeth very large.
Head slightly distinct from neck, covered with symmetrical shields ;
nostrils lateral, between two small nasals, which are separated from
their tellows by a pair of internasals; some of the lower labials
pitted. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body slightly compressed ;
scales moderate, smooth. Tail rather short, conical, not or but
slightly prehensile ; subcaudals mostly in two rows.
New Ireland.
1. Nardoa boa.
Tortrix boa, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 22 (1837), and Abbild. pl. xiii.
1839).
N ee Eee Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 45 (1842); Dum. § Bibr.
vi. p. 447 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 93 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 99,
1. 7, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1864).
boa, F. Miller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 168.
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, not visible from above ;
internasals broader than long, two fifths to one third the length of
the preefrontals ; latter, one pair ; frontal as long as broad or a little
longer than broad ; two pairs of parietals; a small loreal; a very
large preeocular ; two postoculars; ten to twelve upper labials, two
or three of which enter the eye; three or four of the posterior lower
labials pitted. Scales in 35 to 38 rows. Ventrals 245-267 ; anal
entire; subcaudals 47-52. Young with alternate black and orange
rings; adult brown with black rings, or nearly uniform blackish
brown ; head black, with a light spot behind the eye.
Total length 950 millim.; tail 120.
New Ireland.
a, b, ec, d-f. Ad. (V. 251, Duke of York Is. Rev. G. Brown [C.].
252, 267; C. 52, ?, 2)
& ye. (V. 248, 246,
245°C, 50, 48, 51).
g. Ad., skel. Duke of York Is. Rey. G. Brown [C.].
3. LIASIS.
Liasis, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 44 (1842).
Nardoa, part., Gray, 1. c. p. 45, and Cat. Sn. p. 93 (1849).
Liasis, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 431 (1844) ; Gray, Cat.
p- 91; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 98 (1864).
Lisalia, Gray, Cat. p. 92.
Leiopython, Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 14.
Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth very long, gradually decreasing in size. Head distinct from
neck, covered with symmetrical shields ; nostrils supero-lateral, in
a large semidivided nasal, which is separated from its fellow by a
pair of internasals; rostral and upper labials without or with
shallow pits ; some of the lower labials pitted. Eye moderate or
rather small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical or slightly
3. LIASIS. 4 iF
compressed ; scales small, smooth. Tail moderate or short, not or
but very slightly prehensile ; subcaudals all or greater part in two
rows.
Flores, Timor, Papuasia, North Australia.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Several small loreal shields; rostral not pitted; scales in 41 to
45 rows; ventrals 257-287 ; subcaudals 38-53.
1. childreni, p. 77.
II. A single large loreal shield.
A. Rostral not pitted ; two pairs of prefrontals.
Seales in 47 to 49 rows; ventrals 275-291 ;
RECHUNAIS CRG. wc oe eee aes cen nieces 2. fuscus, p. 78.
Scales in 69 to 75 rows ; ventrals 349-361 ;
pubcandals 100-102... cee ee ee 3. olivaceus, p. 79.
B. A pit or groove on each side of the rostral.
1. Two pairs of prefrontals ; scales in 53 to 55 rows; ventrals
292-302; subcaudals 88-94 .... 4. mackloti, p. 79. .
2. A single pair of prefrontals.
Seales in 49 to 55 rows; ventrals 262-284 ;
SOIR UOC 0S Ra 5. albertisin, p. 80.
Scales in 65 to 69 rows; ventrals 358-363 ;
sabcaudals 5°88 2... wk ee ee 6. papuanus, p. 80.
1. Liasis childreni. (Piare IV. fig. 1.)
Liasis childreni, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 44 (1842); Dum. § Bibr.
vi. p. 438 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 92 (1849).
Nardoa gilbertii, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 45, and Cat. p. 93.
Liasis maculosus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1873, p. 608; Peters §
Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 403; F. Miiller, Verh.
nat, Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 677.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals a
little longer than broad, two thirds to three fifths the length of the
anterior preefrontals; second pair of prefrontals in contact on the
middle line or separated by a small shield; these posterior pra-
frontals sometimes broken up into several shields; frontal about
once and a half as long as broad, a little shorter than its distance
from the end of the snout ; a pair of short parietals; three to ten
loreal shields, some of which may be almost granular; two pre-
and two to four postoculars; eleven to thirteen upper labials,
without pits or with a very feeble one on the first shield; fifth and
sixth, sixth and seventh, or fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials
entering the eye; three or four of the posterior lower labials
deeply pitted. Scales in 41 to 45 rows. Ventrals 257-287; anal
entire; subcaudals 38--53. Brown above, with more or less
78 BOIDA.
distinct larger darker spots disposed in five or six longitudinal
series ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the
eye; lips yellowish, spotted with brown; lower parts uniform
yellowish.
Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 100.
North Australia.
a Ve. (Sc. 41; V. 287; N.W. Australia. (Type.)
C. 48).
b. Hgr. (Se. 48; V. 280; Port Essington. Mr. Dring [C.].
C. 53).
Cee. (Sc, 433° V.c2015 Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [C. ].
C. 49). (Type of Nardoa gilbertit.)
Go Ve. (SC:. 453 Vi267 s Port Darwin. R. G. S. Buckland,
C. 46). Esq. [C.].
é. ae, (Sc. 43; V. 270; Gulf of Carpentaria. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.].
45).
f-h. Q (Se. 45, 48, 45; Islands of Torres Rev. S. Macfarlane
Vere O70. O70: Straits. fea:
C. ?, 40, 38).
oele leas (Se. 45; V.279; Australia. Sir J. Richardson
C. “45). fei:
k. Q skel. Australia. Mrs. Montague Levey
pea:
The specimens noticed by Krefft (Austral. Sn. p. 35) as Nardoa
gilberti. would belong to a distinct species if the statement that they
have 330 ventrals and 64 subcaudals is correct.
2. Liasis fuscus.
Liasis olivaceus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 92 (1849).
fuscus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1873, p. 607.
cornwallisius, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) iil. 1879, p. 85,
fig.
Nardoa crassa, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. x. 1885, p. 66.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals
longer than broad, not more than half as long as the prefrontals ;
the latter shields extend to the frontal (unless separated from it by a
small azygous shield) and separate a second pair of much smaller
prefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, a little
shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; one or two
pairs of parietals; a single large loreal; one pre-and two post-
oculars ; ten to twelve upper labials, first with a shallow pit, fifth
and sixth (or sixth and seventh) entering the eye; three or four of
the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 47 or 49 rows.
Ventrals 275-291; anal entire; subcaudals 65-72. Uniform
brown aboye, yellowish beneath.
Total length 1330 millim. ; tail 190.
North Australia and New Guinea.
a. Her. (Sc. 47; V. 291; Sir Charles Hardy Is J. B. Jukes, Esq.
C. 68). Le
u
3, LIASIS. 79
a 2) (Be, 47 3 V. 278; Cornwallis Island, Rev. S. Macfarlane
GrP): Torres Straits. Roel.
(Type of L. cornwallisius.)
ce, Her, (Se. 47; V. 275; Fly River, New Rev. S. Macfarlane
C. 67). Guinea. sa
d. a (Se. 47; V. 278; S.E. New Guinea. Rev. S. Macfarlane
= fe
3. Liasis olivaceus. (Pate IV. fig. 2.)
Liasis olivaceus, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 45 (1842); Dum. § Bibr. vi.
p. 442 (1844).
—— olivaceus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 92 (1849).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals
nearly twice as long as broad, more than half as long as the anterior
prefrontals ; posterior prefrontals in contact with each other or
separated by a small azygous shield; frontal about once and a half
as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the
snout; a pair of small parietals; a single large loreal; one pre-
and three or four postoculars ; thirteen to fifteen upper labials, first,
or first and second pitted, sixth and seventh or seventh and eighth
entering the eye; four or five of the posterior lower labials pitted.
Scales in 69 to 75 rows. Ventrals 349-361; anal entire ; sub-
caudals 100-102. Uniform olive-brown above, yellowish beneath.
Total length 1890 millim.; tail 360.
North Australia.
a. Her. (Sc. 71; V. 350; Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [C.].
C. 102). (Type.)
6. Her., stffd. Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [C.].
Cc. é (Se. 69; V. 369; N. Australia. Dr. J. R. Elsey [P.].
?
d. 9 (Sc. 75; V. 349; N. Australia. Capt. Stokes [P. ].
C. 100).
4, Liasis mackloti.
Liasis mackloti, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 440 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 92
(1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 98, 1. 7, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1864).
Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above, with a
feeble pit or groove on each side; internasals a little longer than
broad, hardly half as long as the prefrontals; two pairs of
preefrontals, the posterior small and separated from each other by
the anterior; frontal nearly once and a half as long as broad, as
long as its distance from the end of the snout; a pair of parietals,
with smaller shields behind them; a large loreal; one pre-and
two postoculars; eleven upper labials, first and second pitted, fifth
and sixth entering the eye; five of the posterior lower labials
pitted. Scales in 53 to 55 rows. Ventrals 292-302; anal entire ;
subeaudals 85-94. Sooty brown above, with scattered small
yellowish spots; belly yellowish or brownish.
Total length 1680 millim. ; tail 260.
Timor and Samao.
80 BOIDA.
5. Liasis albertisii.
Liasis albertisii, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878,
p. 401, pl. iii. fig. 2.
Leiopython gracilis, Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 15.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above, with a pit or
groove on each side; internasals a little longer than broad, not
half as long as the prefrontals; a single pair of large elongate
prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than its
distance from the end of the snout; a pair of parietals, followed by
several smaller shields; a large loreal ; a large preocular; three or
four postoculars; twelve or thirteen upper labials, first two or
three pitted, fifth and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the
eye; six of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 49 to 55
rows. Ventrals 262-284; anal entire; subcaudals 62-79. Pur-
plish brown above, head blackish ; labials yellowish, with blackish
vertical bars ; uniform yellowish beneath.
Total length 1450 millim. ; tail 200. Reaches to 24 metres.
Western New Guinea and Serwatty Islands.
a-b, & (Sc. 55; V.274; C. 69) New Guinea.
& yg. (Sc. 51; V. 261; C. 62).
6. Liasis papuanus.
Liasis papuanus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xii, 1878,
p. 400, pl. iii. fig. 1.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above, with a shallow
pit or groove on each side ; internasals about once and a half as long
as broad, two thirds to three fourths the length of the preefrontals ; a
single pair of large prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as
broad, as long as its distance from the rostral; a pair of large
parietals, which equal the frontal in length ; a large loreal ; a large
preocular; two or three postoculars; ten or eleven upper labials,
first two or three pitted, fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh
entering the eye ; four of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in
65 to 69 rows. Ventrals 358-363; anal entire; subcaudals 85-88.
Olive-brown above, each scale blackish at the base; yellowish
beneath.
Total length 2300 millim.; tail 820. Reaches to 33 metres.
New Guinea.
a. 2 (Sc. 69; V. 358; C. 85). New Guinea.
4. PYTHON.
Python, Daud, Hist. Rept. v. p. 226 (1803); Wagl. Syst. Amph.
p. 168 (1830); Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 402 (1837); Dum. §&
Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 892 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 87 (1849) ;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 829 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid.
p. 95 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 245 (1890).
Constrictor, Wag. l. ¢.
Heleionomus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 42 (1842).
4, pyrmoyn. 81
Morelia, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43; Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 383;
Gray, Cat. p. 85; Jan, 1. ce. p. 94.
Hortulia, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43, and Cat. p. 89.
Liasis, part., Dum. § Bibr, t. c. p. 481; Gray, Cat. p. 91; Jan, l. e.
. oO.
Simalia, Gray, Cat. p. 91.
ee a A. LB. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 135.
Aspidoboa, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 143.
Hypaspistes, Douglas Ogilby, Rec, Austral. Mus, i. 1891, p. 193.
Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth very long, gradually decreasing in size, Head distinct from
neck; end of snout covered with shields, upper surface of head
with symmetrical shields or small scales ; nostril directed upwards
or supero-lateral,in a large semidivided nasal, which is separated from
its fellow by a pair of internasals ; rostral and anterior upper labials
with deep pits ; some of the lower labials also pitted. Kye moderate,
with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed ; scales small,
smooth. Tail moderate or short, prehensile; subcaudals all or
greater part in two rows.
Tropical and South Africa; South-eastern Asia; Papuasia ; Aus-
tralia.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Subcaudals more than 50 pairs.
A. 39 to 60 scales across the thickest part of the body.
1. Crown covered with scales or small irregular shields; 2 or
3 upper labials pitted ........ 1. spilotes, p. 82.
2. Crown with large symmetrical shields; 4 upper labials
pitted.
39 to 53 scales ; six or seven lower labials
RRS ase Sect. 2 a 8 6% 2. amethystinus, p. 83.
60 scales ; five lower labials pitted .... 3. timorensis, p. 85.
B. 61 to 93 scales across the body.
69 to 79 scales; 297-330 ventrals ; 78—
102 caudals ; four upper labials pitted ;
rostral as deep as broad ...........- 4, reticulatus, p. 85.
81 to 93 scales; 269-286 ventrals ; 63-
77 caudals; two upper labials pitted ;
rostral as deep as broad ............ 5. sebee, p. 86.
61 to 75 scales; 242-265 ventrals ; 60
72 caudals ; two upper labials pitted ;
rostral broader than deep .......... 6. molurus, p. 87.
II. Subcaudals less than 50 pairs ; scales 53 to 63.
253-267 ventrals; 46-47 caudals; five
Mpper lass MUCCG: .°..<... ss eawe 7. anchiete, p. 88.
VOL. I. G
82 BOIDA.
196-207 ventrals; 30-57 caudals; four
upper labials pitted... . tiem eee 8. regius, p. 88.
160-175 ventrals; 28-32 caudals ; two
upper labials pitted ...........2.% 9. curtus, p. 89.
1. Python spilotes.
White, Journ. Voy. N. S. W. p. 259, pl.—. fig. 1 (1740).
Coluber spilotus, Lacép. Ann. Mus. iv. 1894, pp. 194, 209.
Python punctatus, Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820) ; Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 516.
Echidna spilotes, Merr. 1. c. p. 150.
Python peronii, Wagl. Icones, pl. i. (1828) ; Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p- 421, pl. xv. figs. 11 & 12 (1887).
Morelia punctata, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43 (1842). °
variegata, Gray, l. c., and Cat. p. 86 (1849); Krefft, Sn.
Austral. p. 31, pl. 11. (1869) ; MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., Dec. ii.
pl. xiii. (1878); Douglas Ogilby, Ree. Austral. Mus. i. 1890,
9. 96.
: argus *, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 885 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 94,
1.7, pl. v. (1864); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus, Genova, xiii. 1878,
p. 40-4.
: spilotes, Gray, Cat. p. 85; Krefft, 1. c. p. 29, pl. i.
Rostral as broad as deep, or a little deeper than broad, visible
from above; internasals as broad as long, followed by a pair of
somewhat larger shields which may be broken up; the rest of the
upper surface of the head covered with scales or small irregular
shields, among which, however, an enlarged frontal shield and two
or three supraoculars are sometimes conspicuous ; eleven to thirteen
upper labials, first two or three deeply pitted, sixth and seventh or
seventh and eighth entering the eye; six or seven of the lower
labials deeply pitted. Scales in 45 to5lrows. Ventrals 251-304;
anal entire or divided; subcaudals 63-92. Coloration very variable.
Total length 2000 millim. (63 feet) ; tail 250.
Australia and New Guinea.
A. Black above, each scale with a yellowish dot, with or without
scattered yellow, black-edged spots; upper labials black-
edged ; lower parts yellow, the posterior ventrals and the sub-
caudals spotted or edged with black. (Coluber spilotus, Lacép. ;
Python punctatus, Merr.; P. peroni, Wagl.)
a. 2 (Se.40: Vie New South Wales. Australian Museum.
ae
1
Ja bam).
b. Her. d (Se. 49; V. 269; New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.].
C. 84). ;
en Vg. (Sce.40 37 Vi, 261 Australia. Haslar Hospital.
C. 85).
d,e. Ad., stffd. Australia.
f. Ad., skel. Australia.
g. Her., skel. Australia.
* Coluber argus, Linn., is founded upon a figure of Seba’s (Thes. ii. pl. ciii.
fig. 1) which is probably not executed from a specimen, and certainly does not
represent the Python here described. I regard C. argus as a mythical species.
4, pYrHon. 83
B. Pale olive-brown above, each scale edged with black, with
yellowish, black-edged spots and cross bars; or with three
yellowish stripes, the middle one partly broken up into spots ;
upper labials black-edged; lower parts pale yellow, the pos-
terior ventrals and the subcaudals spotted or edged with black.
(Morelia variegata, Krefit.)
mero; V. 276; New South Wales. Australian Museum.
C. 76). ;
‘+. ae (Sc. 47; V. 280; New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. (P. |}.
3. 90).
k. Her., stffd. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.]}.
l. Ad., skel. Australia.
C. Pale brown with dark brown black-edged spots or cross bands,
or dark brown with lighter markings; head with symmetrical
dark brown markings ; upper lip uniform yellowish, or only
the anterior-labials black-edged; a light dark-edged streak
may be present along each side of the anterior part of the
body ; lower parts yellowish, more or less spotted with black,
(Morelia variegata, Gray.)
mo (se ols V-280 ; Moreton Bay. J. Macgillivray, Esq.
C. 82). Bape
n. Yg. (Sc. 49; V. 294; Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [C.].
C. 89).
o. 9 (Se. 47; V. 259; Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. { P.].
C. 81). (Types of M. variegata.)
p,q Her. (Se. 49; V. 290; Port Essington. Lord Derby [P.].
C. 82) & yg. (Sc. 49;
alk
281; C289).
gy Ber (Se 45.2. 261 ; Port Essington.
C. 75).
e 9 (Se, 495, Vi 282); Port Darwin. R. G. 8. Buckland,
C. 87). Esq. [C.].
t. Ye. (Sc. 49; V. 289; N.W. Australia. Capt. Stokes [C.].
CG. 87).
u,v. Ye. (Se. 49, 47; V. 260, Houtman’s Mr. Gilbert [C.1.
261; C. 75, 73). Abrolhos.
w, wv, y. Ye. (Sc. 45, 49, 49; Swan River.
V. 262, 258, 251; C. 63,
65, 78).
z Her., stffd. Boston Id.,. 8. Sir G. Grey [P.].
Australia.
2. Python amethystinus.
Boa amethystina, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 254 (1801), and
Denkschr. Akad. Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 117, pl. vii.
Python amethystinus, Daud. Rept. v. p. 280 (1803) ; Schleg. Phys.
Serp. ii. p. 419, pl. xv. figs. 8-10 (1837).
Liasis amethystinus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 44 (1842) ; Dum. § Bibr.
vi. p. 433 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 91 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 98,
1. 9, pl. vi. (1864); Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 353;
G2
84 BOIDA.
Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 533, pl. —. fig. 2; Macleay, Proce.
Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 84; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus.
Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 399.
Aspidopython jakati, A. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 185.
Liasis duceboracensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) iii. 1879, p. 86,
fig.
Hypaspistes dipsadides, Douglas Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. i. 1891,
p- 192.
Rostral as broad as deep, or slightly broader than deep, visible
from above; internasals as long as broad or a little longer than
broad, followed by a pair of large preefrontals, which are either in
contact with the frontal or separated from it by one or two small
shields; a pair of shorter preefrontals, separated from each other on
the middle line; a large frontal, a large supraocular, and two or
three pairs of large parietals ; several small shields on the loreal
region ; two or three pra- and four or five postoculars ; twelve to
fourteen upper labials, four anterior deeply pitted, sixth and
seventh or seventh and eighth entering the eye; six or seven of the
posterior lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 39 to 53 rows.
Ventrals 289-328 ; anal entire ; subeaudals 85-117. Yellowish or
purplish brown above, uniform, or with darker or lighter markings :
uniform yellowish beneath.
Total length 2270 millim.; tail 400. Reaches to 34 metres
(11 feet).
Moluccas, Timor, New Guinea, New Ireland and New Britain,
Northern Queensland.
A. Uniform brown above, or with very indistinct darker or lighter
markings.
a. Hgr. (Se. 49; V. 800; N. Ceram.
C. 101). :
b. 2 (Sc. 43; V.311; C.99). Timor Laut. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C.].
ce. Hgr. (Sc. 45; V. 298; CornwallisId., Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.}.
C. 105). Torres Strait.
d-e, f-g. & (Se. 89; V. 300; Dukeof York Rev. G. Brown [C.].
C. 103) & @ (Se. 45, 45, Island. (Types of L. ducebora-
39; V. 323, 323, 299 ; censis),
C. 100, 102, ?).
h. Ad., skull. Torres Straits. Rev. 8S. Macfarlane [G.}
B. Pale brown, with darker X-shaped markings on the back and
two stripes along each side.
t, k-l, m-n. 3 (Se. 51, 51; Murray Id., Rey. S. Macfarlane [C.}.
V. 320, 328; C. 110,109) — Torres Straits. ‘
& 9 (Se. 53, 45, 47; V. 321,
303, 304 ; C. 112, 118, 115).
C. Dark purplish brown above, with whitish spots or irregular
cross bars.
0. d (Se. 43; V. 289; C.98). Timor Laut: H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C. ].’
p. Yg.(Se.51; V.3801; C.99). Misol.
—
4, PYTHON. 85
3. Python timorensis.
Liasis amethystinus, var. timoriensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876,
p- 533, pl. —. fig. 3.
petersii, Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 16.
Rostral just visible from above; internasals considerably longer
than broad, as long as the prefrontals behind them, which are
separated from the frontal by a second pair of somewhat smaller
prefrontals ; a large supraocular and a large frontal, followed by
two pairs of parietals ; several small shields on the loreal region ;
a larger preocular, with a smaller one below it; three post-
oculars ; twelve upper labials, four anterior deeply pitted, sixth
entering the eye; five lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 60
rows. Ventrals 288. Purplish brown aboye, with a network of
patches of darker scales distributed among others of a lighter colour,
resembling the pattern found in P. reticulatus; a dark line along
the middle of the back of the head.
Timor and Flores.
4, Python reticulatus.
Seba, Thes. i. pl. Ixxii. fig. 2 (1754), and il. pls. Ixxix. & lxxx,
tig. 1 (1735).
Boa reticulata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 264 (1801); Daud. Rept.
v. p. 116 (1803); Schnetd. Denkschr. Ak. Minch. vii. 1821,
LES:
z rhombeata, Schnerd, Il. cc. pp. 266, 118.
phrygia, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 348, pl. xevii. (1802).
Coluber javanicus, Shaw, t. c. p. 441.
Python schneideri, Merr. Tent. p. 89 (1820); Bote, Isis, 1827,
p- 515; Guér. Icon. Rk. A., Rept. pl. xxi. fig. 1; Schleg. Phys. Serp.
ii. p. 415, pl. xv. figs. 5-7 (1857).
reticulatus, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 44 (1842); Dum. &§ Bibr. vi.
p- 426 (1844); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 55 (1847) ; Gray, Cat.
p. 87 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 880 (1864) ; Jan, Icon.
Gén. p. 97, 1. 8, pl. vi. (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xxxix. 1870, p. 205; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 205 (1876) ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 246 (1890).
? Python jamesonii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 44.
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals about
once and a half as long as broad, followed by a pair of large pre-
frontals ; a large supraocular (rarely divided) and a large, usually
undivided frontal; two pre-and three or four postoculars ; twelve
to fourteen upper labials, four anterior deeply pitted, seventh or
eighth entering the eye; two or three of the anterior and five or six
of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 69-79 rows. Ven-
trals 297-330; anal entire; subcaudals 78-102. Light yellowish
or brown above, with large circular, rhomboidal, or X-shaped
markings; young with three longitudinal series of light, black-
edged spots; a black line along the middle of the head, from the
end of the snout to the nape, and another on each side from behind
86 BOIDA.
the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts yellowish, with
small brown spots on the sides, or nearly entirely brown.
Total length 4780 millim.; tail 660. Reaches the length of
9 metres (30 feet).
Burma and Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
a-b, c. fhe: (Se. 71,75, 75; Pinang, Dr. Cantor.
V. 315, 320, 306; C. 96,
91, 84),
d. Her. (Se. 793) V.cslG: Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P. ].
CG. 94).
e. Ye. (Sc. 78; V. 319; C.97). Borneo. Sir J. Brooke [ P.].
ft. Yg. (Sc. 78; V. 308; C.93). Kejang River, Brooke Low, sq. [P.].
Sarawak.
g. Her. (Sc. 75; V.304; Batavia. - R. Kirkpatrick, Esq.
2). ee:
h. C S.0SG)7 0% AWVe 7510: Philippines. H. J. Veitch, Esq. [P.].
78).
w-k. 9 (Se. 75; V. 312; Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’
C6) Saye (Ser 71s
7, 303; C. 94).
i No(Sc. (950 V. olds N. Ceram.
C. 83).
ae Nie (SC ts Vs oeles Timor Laut. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C. ].
C. 84).
n. Ad., stffd. —-P
5. Python sebe.
Seba, Thes. ii. pls. xix. fig. 1, xxvii. fig. 1, & xcix. fig. 2 (1735).
Coluber sebee, Gmel, 8. N. i. p. 1118 (1788) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 238
(1803).
speciosus, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Ophiol. p. 17 (1790).
Boa hieroglyphica, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 266 (1801), and Denkschr,
Ak. Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 119.
? Python houttuyni, Daud. Rept. v. p. 254 (1803).
Python hieroglyphicus, Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820); Bote, Isis, 1827,
516.
meds bivittatus, Kuhl, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. p. 94 (1820).
natalensis, Smith, S. Afr. Q. Journ. (2) 1833, p. 64, and Til.
Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. ix. (1840); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 409 (1844) ;
Pe ters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 105 (1882).
atus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 403 (1837
She Dun. § Bibr. tee. p. 400, pl. lxi.; Jan, hte ie p. 96,
1. 8, pls. 11. & iv. (1864).
Heleionomus variegatus, Gray, Zool. Mise, p. 43 (1842) *.
Hortulia natalensis, Gi ‘ay, L c. p. 44, and Cat. p. 89 (1849).
sebee, Gray, Cat. p. 90.
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above ; internasals about
once and a half as long as broad, followed by a pair of large pra-
frontals ; supraocular broken up into two or more shields; a pair of
frontals, which may be broken up into small shields; a large pre-
ocular, with one or two smaller ones below it; three or four post-
* The type specimen appears to have been lost.
4. PYTHON. 87
oculars ; a series of suboculars separating the eye from the labials ;
thirteen to fifteen upper labials, two anterior deeply pitted ; four or
tive of the posterior lower labials feebly pitted. Scales in 81 to 93
rows. Ventrals 269-286; anal entire or divided; subcaudals
63-77. Pale brown above, with dark brown, black-edged, more or
less sinuous cross bars, which are usually connected by a continuous
or interrupted sinuous dark stripe running along each side of the
back; sides with large spots, and finely dotted with black ; a large
triangular dark brown blotch occupies the top of the head, bordered
on each side by a light stripe beginning at the end of the snout,
above the nostril, and passing above the eye; a dark stripe on each
side of the head and a dark subtriangular blotch below the eye:
upper surface of tail with a light stripe between two black ones ;
belly spotted and dotted with dark brown.
Total length 4100 millim. ; tail 460.
(23 feet).
Tropical and South Africa.
Said to grow to 7 metres
+ Ad., skull.
. Her., skull.
6.
S. Africa.
Senegal.
Python molurus.
a. Ad. (Sc. 91; V.278; Gambia. Lord Derby [P.].
C. 64).
b Ye (Se. 93; V. 276; Gold Coast. Mr. Rich[C.}.
C. 76).
c. Yg. (Sc. 85; V. 270; Ashantee. Leyden Mus.
C. 63).
d. Yg. (Sc. 85; V.275; Fantee.
C. 67).
e. Ad., head only. South of Chartoum. Consul Petherick [ C.],
f. Ad., stffd. Port Natal. Sir A. Smith [P.}.
g. Her. (Sc. 89; V. 269 ; P J. Melrose, Esq. [ P.].
C. 72).
fh. Hore (Sen0ts7V. 280; =P Zoolog. Society.
C. 66).
Ad., skel. W. Africa, Zoolog. Society.
Sir A. Smith [P.].
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xxii—xxiv. & xxxix. (1796),
Coluber molurus, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 387 (1766).
Boa ordinata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 260 (1801), and Denkschr.
Ak. Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 122.
ordinatus, Daud. t. c. p. 252.
cinerea, Schneid. Il. cc. pp. 270, 121.
castanea, Schneid. Ul. cc. pp. 272, 121.
albicans, Schneid. ll. ce. pp. 274, 121.
orbiculata, Schneid. ll. ce. pp. 276, 122.
Python bora, Daud. Rept. v. p. 236 (1803).
tigris, Daud. t. c. p. 241, pl. lxiv.
»
—— bivittatus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. iii. p. 403, pl. xv. figs. 1-4
(1837).
molurus, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 44 (1842); Dum. § Bibr. vi.
p- 417 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 88 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p- 331 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 96, 1, 8, pl. ii. (1864); Stoliczka,
88 BOIDR,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p.205; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 206 (1876); Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvii. 1879,
p- 127; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 246 (1890); W. Selater,
Journ. As, Soc. Beng. \x, 1891, p. 232.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals not
more than once and a half as long as broad, followed by a pair of
large preefrontals; a large supraocular, separated from its fellow by
a pair of frontals ; two pre-and three or four postoculars; eleven
to thirteen upper labials, two anterior deeply pitted, sixth or seventh
entering the eye, if not separated by a series of suboculars ; a few
of the anterior and posterior lower labials feebly pitted. Scales in
61 to 75 rows. Ventrals 242-265; analentire ; subcaudals 60-72.
Greyish brown or yellowish above, with a dorsal series of large
elongate subquadrangular reddish-brown black-edged spots, and on
each side a series of smaller spots with light centres; a lance-shaped
marking on the head and nape; a lateral brown stripe passing
through the eye, and a brown vertical bar below the eye ; lower parts
yellowish, sides brown-spotted.
' Total length 2450 millim.; tail 300.
Grows to 30 feet (W. Elliot, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1870,Trans. p. 115).
India and Ceylon, Southern China, Malay Peninsula, Java.
a. 3 (Se. 73; V. 255; C. 63). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
6. Ad., stffd. India.
ce. fo (Se. 67; V. 245; C. 64). India. Zoolog. Society.
d. Yg. (Sc. 69; V.265; C.68). India.
e. Ad., skel. Ceylon.
7. Python anchietz.
Python anchietz, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xii. 1887, p. 87.
Upper surface of head covered with small subequal scales, except
a pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals, which are separated
along the median line by two series of small scales; eye surrounded
by a circle of small scales ; fourteen upper labials, the five anterior
pitted. Scales in 57 or 59 rows. Ventrals 253-267; subcaudals
46-47, A large triangular reddish-brown blotch covers the greater
part of the upper surface of the head, and is bordered by a white
black-edged band ; it bears in the middle, behind the level of the
eyes, a round white black-edged spot; back and sides pale reddish
brown, with black-edged white spots and bands, the latter cireum-
seribing large areas of the ground-colour, the centres of which are
occupied by the spots; beneath yellowish, with a few irregular
brown spots on the sides.
Total length (of young specimen) 1050 millim. ; tail 100.
Benguela, 8.W. Africa.
8. Python regius.
Seba, Thes, i. pl. 1xii. fig. 1 (1734), and ii. pl. cii. (1735).
Boa regia, Shaw, Zool, iii. p. 347, pl. xevi. (1802).
Cenchris regia, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 97 (1831).
4, PYTHON. 89
Python bellii, Gray, Nat. Miscell. p. 44 (1842).
regius, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 412 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 97,
1, 8, pl. v. (1864); FP. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885,
p. 676.
Hortulia regia, Gray, Cut. p. 90 (1849).
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals nearly
twice as long as broad, followed by a pair of large praefrontals; a
large supraocular, separated from its fellow by a pair of frontals
or by several small shields ; two or three pre-and three or four
postoculars, and a series of suboculars usually separating the eye
from the labials ; ten or eleven upper labials, four anterior deeply
pitted, fifth or sixth sometimes entering the eyes; two to four of
the posterior lower labials fecbly pitted. Scales in 53 to 63 rows.
Ventrals 196-207; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 30-37.
Upper surface of head dark brown, with a pale, black-edged streak
on each side, beginning above the nostril and passing through the
eye; a dark brown, black-edged band occupies the back, sending
down triangular or Y-shaped processes on the sides, which are pale
brown ; this dorsal band encloses a light streak on the neck, another
on the tail, and a series of from ten to eighteen light round or oval
spots; belly yellowish, with or without small brown spots on the
sides.
Total length 1240 millim.; tail 100.
Senegambia and Sierra Leone. ~
a, 6. Ad, (Se. 55, 55; Gambia. Lord Derby [P.].
V. 205, 198; C. 31, 32).
¢, Veer, 655 V. 200; Gambia. Mr. Rendal [C.].
C. 32). (Type of P. belliz.)
ad, Yee (Se. Gsis, W207 ; Gambia. Mr. Rendal [C.].
C. 32).
Gada (scvhoe V. 197; Gambia. Sir A. Moloney [P.]}.
C. 30).
-h. Yg. (Sc. 59, 59, 55; Freetown, Sierra R. Dinzey, Esq. {C. }.
?
Leone.
37, 32),
a0. (sc, bas, Vz 200; W. Africa. Sir J. MceGriger[ P.].
C. 34).
k. Hegr., stffd. W. Africa.
9. Python curtus.
Python curtus, Schleg. Dierentuin, Rept. p. 54, fig. (1872) ; Hubrecht,
Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 244; Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881
». 222; Bouleny. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 432, pl. xlv. ;
—— breitensteini, Sted. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, |xxxii. 1881, p. 267 ;
Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 68, pl. v. fig. 5.
Aspidoboa curta, Sawwage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 143.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as
broad as long, separated from the frontal and the supraoculars by
two pairs of large prefrontals; frontal longitudinally divided,
followed by several pairs of transverse parietal shields; a large
90 BOID.L.
supraocular ; a large loreal; a large preocular, with several small
scales below it; one or two postoculars ; a series of suboculars may
separate the eye from the labials: ten or eleven upper labials, the
first two deeply pitted ; anterior and posterior lower labials feebly
pitted. Scales in 53 to57 rows. Ventrals 160-175 ; anal entire ;
subcaudals 28-32. Brown or brick-red above, with a dorsal series
of round pale spots, which may be confluent into a stripe on the
posterior part of the back; a black line along the middle of the
head, followed by elongate whitish black-edged spots ; sides of body
with greyish black-edged spots or undulous bands ; sides of head
dark, with an oblique light streak from behind the eye to the
angle of the mouth; lower parts whitish, uniform or spotted with
brown.
Total length 1370 millim. ; tail 120.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a. Ad., stffd. Singapore.
B. NidaSe:. Os JV. oli. Malacca. Zoolog. Society.
C. 28).
Caair etwas! V.. oli, Telang, 8.E. Hr. F. Grabowsky [C.].
C. 28). Borneo. (Dr. J. G. Fischer.)
5. CHONDROPYTHON.
Chondropython, A. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 134; Sauvage,
Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ii. 1878, p. 86; Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, 1879, p. 146.
No premaxillary teeth. Anterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth very large, posterior small. Head distinct from neck, covered
with small scales; nostril in a large, single or divided nasal, sepa-
rated from its fellow by a pair of internasal shields, which are
themselves separated by a series of scales ; rostral, anterior upper
labials, and middle lower labials with deep pits. Eye moderate,
with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed ; scales small,
smooth. ‘Tail moderate, prehensile; subcaudals in two rows.
New Guinea.
1. Chondropython viridis.
Python viridis, Schleg. Dierentwin, Rept. p. 54 (1872),
Chondropython azureus, A. B. Meyer, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 134;
Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii, 1878, p. 403; Bouwleng.
Bull. Soc, Zool. France, 1879, p. 146.
pulcher, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ii. 1878, p. 37.
Rostral as deep as broad, or a little deeper than broad ; head-
scales granular, 17 to 20 across the forehead, from eye to eye; the
scales round the eye not enlarged ; 12 to 15 upper labials, first and
second, or first, second, and third pitted, sixth, seventh, and
eighth, or eighth and ninth entering the eye; seventh to twelfth,
eighth to thirteenth, or ninth to fourteenth lower labials pitted.
Scales. in 57 to 61 rows. Ventrals 227-240; anal entire; sub-
caudals 75-109. Bright green above, uniform or with a series of
G6. ASPIDITES. 91
small yellowish spots along the back; or brick-red with bluish,
black-edged spots; young pinkish or yellowish, with purplish or
reddish-brown markings ; lower parts yellowish white.
Total length 1450 millim.; tail 200.
New Guinea.
a. 9 (Se. 57; V. 227; Mt. Arfak. Hr. Bruijn [C.}.
(. 92). ;
b-c. Ye. (Se. 61, 59; Mansinam. M. L. Laglaize [C.}.
d. 9 (Sc. 57; V. 237; N.W: New Guinea. M.A. Linden [C.].
e. 9 (Se. 61; V.. 237; New Guinea.
6. ASPIDITES.
Aspidiotes (non Bouché), Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1864, p. 20, and
Austral. Snakes, p. 33 (1869).
Aspidites, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 914.
No premaxillary teeth. Anterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head slightly distinct
from neck, with large symmetrical shields; nostril lateral, in a
single nasal, which is separated from its fellow by a pair of inter-
nasals ; rostral rather large. Lye small, with vertical pupil. Body
cylindrical; scales small, smooth. ‘Tail moderate, not or scarcely
prehensile ; subcaudals mostly in a single row.
North Australia.
1. Aspidites melanocephalus.
Aspidiotes melanocephalus, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864. p. 20, fig. ;
or3
Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xviii. 1866, p.29; Krefft, Austral,
Sn. p, 33, pl. ii. (1869); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 533.
Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as
long as its distance from the frontal; internasals as broad as long,
shorter than the anterior prefrontals ; posterior preefrontals just
touching each other in front of the frontal: latter slightly longer
than broad ; parietals subdivided into small shields ; a large loreal ;
two or three proculars; three or four postoculars; eleven or
twelve upper labials, sixth entering the eye. Scales in 53 rows.
Ventrals 330; anal entire; subcaudals 64, only a few of which are
divided. Light brown above, with darker cross bars, yellowish
beneath ; head and neck jet-black above and below.
Total length 2050 millim.; tail 220.
North Australia.
a@oQ (Se. 58; V. 330; Port Denison. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.].
C. 64). (Type.)
92 BOID®.
2. Aspidites ramsayi.
Aspidiotes ramsayi, Macleay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S. W. vi. 1882, p. 813.
Differs from the preceding in having the eye separated from the
labials by a subocular; fourteen upper labials. Ventrals 293;
anal divided ; subcaudals 52, the four last divided. Greyish brown
above, variegated with indistinct darker brown bands and spots
over the entire upper surface from the head to the tail; ventrals
yellowish, the basal portion of each shield dusky.
Total length 1900 millim. ; tail 330.
Port Bourke.
7. CALABARIA.
Calabaria, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 154; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn.
p- 280 (1858).
Rhoptrura, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1858, p. 340.
Premaxillary and palate toothless ; anterior maxillary and man-
dibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head not
distinct from neck, covered with shields; rostral large ; nostril in a
single or semidivided nasal, No mental groove. Kye very small,
with vertical pupil. Scales moderate, smooth. Tail short, thick,
not prehensile, rounded at the end; subcaudals single.
West Africa.
1. Calabaria reinhardti.
Eryx reinhardtii, Schleg. Bijdr. tot de Dierk.i. p. 2, pl. — (1848) ;
Fisch. Verh. nat. Ver, Hamb. (2) iii. 1879, p. 91, pl. iii. figs. 1-6.
Calabaria uses, Gray, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 155, pl. xiv. ; Giinth.
Cat. Col. Sn. p. 280 (1858); F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii.
1885, p. 675.
Rhoptrura reinhardti, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1858, p. 540
petiti, Sawnage, Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1884, p. 202, pl. vi.
fio. 4.
Rostral as deep as broad, extending to the upper surface of the
snout, separated from the frontal by three pairs of transverse
shields; frontal broader than long, as long as or a little shorter
than its distance from the rostral, followed by an equally long or
shorter parietal ; two supraoculars; a loreal; one or two pree- and
one or two postoculars ; eight upper labials, fourth or third and
fourth entering the eye. Scales in 29 to 32 rows. Ventrals 221- 239 ;
anal entire ; subcaudals 20-28. Reddish or purplish brown above,
with more or less numerous irregularly scattered yellowish spots.
Total length 860 millim. ; tail 65.
West Africa, from Liberia to the Congo.
a, Ad. (V. 223; C. 20). Old Calabar. (Type of C. fusca.)
b-c. Ad. (V. 227, 224 ; Cameroons. Rey. J. Pinnock
C. 25, ae (Ca
d. Ad. (V. Se Bes 2f:)))- Cameroons.
e. Her. (V ood a OR?) Fernando Po. Zoolog. Society.
ij Ad. CY: 233 ; 0. 23). Gaboon. Dr. J. G. Fischer.
y. Ad. (V. 221; C. 21) W. Africa.
8. EPICRATES. 93
Subfam. 2. BOIN A.
Boina, Eryxina, Gray, Zool. Miscell. pp. 41, 45, 1842.
Aprotérodontes (Erycides, Bozides), Duméril § Bibron, Erp, Gén.
vi. p. 450, 1844.
Boina, Eryeina, Charinina, Gray, Cat. Snakes, pp. 85, 84, 1849.
Bowe, Eryces, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 304.
Erycides, part., Bowides, Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 64, 1864.
-Boinee, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 244, 1890.
No supraorbital bone.
The premaxillary is constantly toothless, the palatines and ptery-
goids toothed.
8. EPICRATES.
Skull of Epicrates cenchris.
q » Draco (non Laur.), part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 273 (1816).
Epicrates, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 168 (1830); Dum. S; Bibr. Erp.
- Gén. vi. p. 552 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 94 (1849); Fischer
eo Abh. nat. Ver. Hamb. iii, 1856, p. 95; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 88
. (1864); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rea p: 525 (1882)
Boa, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 373 (1837).
* Chilabothrus, Dwn. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 562; Gray, l. ce. p. 103; Jan, 1. e.
-p. 86; Bocourt, 1. c. pp. 517, 524. :
Cliftia, Gray, l. c. p. 99.
94 BOLD.
Kpicarsius, Fscher, d. ¢.
Homalochilus, Fischer, lc. p. 100; Jan, J. ec. p. 85.
Piesigaster, Seoane, Abh, Senck. Ges. xil. 1880, p. 217.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very long. Head
distinct from neck, covered with shields, which may be small and
irregular or large and symmetrical ; a pair of internasals and a pair
of anterior prafrontals constantly present ; nostril between two or
three nasals ; loreal shield present ; labial pits, if present, shallow.
Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed ;
scales small, smooth. ‘Tail moderate or long, prehensile; subcaudals
single.
Tropical America,
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Scales in 45 to 51 rows; ventrals 223 to 268; several small
shields between the supraoculars...... 1. cenchris, p. 94.
II. Scales in 51 to 65 rows; ventrals 271 to 302.
A series of suboculars separates the labials
Erom the. 6Y@:.\... «sides eie eis =. = 2. angulifer, p. 96.
One or two labials entering the eye ........ 3. striatus, p. 96.
III. Scales in 33 to 45 rows; a single large shield (rarely broken
up) between the supraoculars.
Supraocular nearly as large as the frontal ;
ventrals 261-286; subcaudals 60-80 .... 4. mornatus, p. 97.
Supraocular about half as large as the frontal ;
ventrals 250-265 ; subcaudals 70-89 .... 5. fordiz, p. 98.
Supraocular about half as large as the frontal ;
ventrals 282-289 ; subcaudals 100-103 .. 6. gracilis, p. 98.
1. Epicrates cenchris.
Seba, Thes. i. pl. lvi. fig. 4 (1784), & ii. pls. liv. fig. 3, Ixxxviii. fig. 1,
& xeviili. (1735).
Boa cenchria, Linn. Mus, Ad. Frid. ii. p. 41 (1764), and S. N. i.
p. 874 (176€); Wired, Abbild. (1822), and Beitr. Nat. Bras. i
p-. 219 (1825); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 385, pl. xiv. figs. 3- 5
(1857).
pa Gmel. S. N. 1. p. 1083 (1788) ; Schneid. Hist. Amph.
li. p. 250 (1801) ; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 844, pl. xciv. (1802) ; Schneid.
Denkschr. Ak. Minch. vii. 1821, p. 120.
aboma, Daud. Rept. v. p. 152 (1803).
ternatea, Daud. t. ¢. p. 158.
annulifer, Daud. t. ¢. p. 202; or lxiil. fig. 3; Merr. Ann. Wetter.
Ges. ii. 1810, p. 51, pl. ix.; Sehneid. 1. c. p. 127.
Draco ocellatus, Oken, Lehrb. d. Naturg. iii. p. 277 (1815).
Epicrates ¢ euneieies Gray, Griff. A. K.ix., Syn. p. 96 (1831), and
Cat. p. 96 (1849); Garm. Proce. Am. ’Philos, Soc. xxly. 1887,
9. 279.
aatad
cenchris, Dum. § DBibr. vi. p. 555 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 89,
1. 8, pl. i. (1865),
maurus, Gray, Cat. p. 96.
8. EPICRATES. 95
Cliftia fusca, Gray, /. ec. p. 99.
Epicarsius cupreus, Fisch. Abh. nat. Ver. Hamb. iii, 1856, p. 96,
fei. fig. 1.
Epicrates “eupreus, Jan, 1. -c. p. 90, 1. 7, Bd, i.; Bocourt, Miss. ‘Be.
Mex., Rept. p. 525, pl. xxxi. fig. 3 (188
Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above; upper
surface of snout and interorbital space with small, more or less
regular shields ; usually an azygous prefrontal, separated from the
internasals by a pair of small shields ; a supraocular, which may be
broken up into two or three small shields; an elongate loreal, in
contact with the second, or second and third labials, but separated
from the other labials by two or three scales; two preoculars,,.
upper largest; four or five postoculars; 11 to 13 upper labials,
sixth and seventh or seventh and eighth entering the eye; upper
and lower labials with more or less distinct shallow pits or impres-
sions between them. Scalesin 45 to 51 rows. Ventrals 223-268 ;
anal entire; subcaudals 50-66. Pale brown above, uniform or
elegantly marked with rings and spots.
Total length 1700 millim. ; tail 220.
Tropical America, from Costa Rica to Northern Peru and Northern
Brazil.
A. Five dark brown longitudinal lines on the head ; back with a
series of dark brown or black rings; sides with dark spots, or
black and white ocelli, or one or iG dark brown stripes.
(E. cenchris, L.)
a. Yg. (Sc. 47; V..231; C.55). Chagres River.
b-e, Ye. (Sc. 49, 51; V. 240,237; Rosario de Cu- Mr. C. Webber[C.].
©. 55, 55). cuta, Colombia.
d-f. Yg. (Se. 49, 49, 49; V. 230, Trinidad.
232, 238 ; C. 5G, 5 52 2, 60).
. Yg. (Se. "47; V. 228; C.50). Trinidad. C. Taylor, Esq. [P.]}.
3 Yg. (Se. 49: VY. 284; C. 56). Caracas,
v 2 Ge: 47,; Vv, 266 ; C. 66). British Guiana. Sir R. Schomburgk
[P.}.
k-l. g (Se. 47; V. 225; C. 50) British Guiana. Demer rara Museum
’& yg. (Se. 49; V.256; C. 62), [Pak
- mo. & (Se. 45, 47; V.253, 266; Berbice.
C. 53, 59) & yg. (Sc. 47;
V. 233 ; C: 52).
p. Yg. (Se. 49; V. 234; C. 50). Cayenne. H. C. Rothery, Esq.
Pi.
g. 9 (Se. 51; V. 268; C. 63). Para. R. Graham, Esq.
BPs.
r. a (Se. 41; V. 257; C. 53). Moyobamba, Mr. A. H. Roff[C. }.
N.E. Peru.
8. 2 (Sc. 49; V. 260; C. 57). Peruvian Ama- Mr. E. Bartlett [C.].
zons.
t. Ad., skel. S. America.
u. Hgr., skull. S. America.
96 BOID A.
B. Markings very indistinct or absent. (Cliftia fusca, Gray ;
EH. maurus, Gray ; . cupreus, Fisch.)
v, Her., stffd. p (Type of Ciftia fusca.)
w. 3d (Sc. 51; V. 238; C. 55). Venezuela. (Type of 4. maurus.)
a. 3 (Sc. 47; V. 283; C, 58). Venezuela.
2. Epicrates angulifer.
Kpicrates angulifer, Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Rept. p. 215,
pl. xxv. (1843) ; Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 560 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
p. 89, 1. 6, pl. vi. (1864); Gundl. Erp. Cub. p. 70 (1880).
Boa, sp., Gundl. Arch. f. Nat. 1840, p. 361.
Head with more or less regular shields above, the largest being a
pair of prefrontals, a pair of frontals (which may be broken up),
and, on each side, a supraocular; a large, elongate loreal, sometimes
divided into two, separated from the labials by a series of small
shields; a large preocular, and a series of 6 small shields below
and behind the eye, which is entirely separated from the labials ;
13 or 14 upper labials, with very feeble pits. Scales in 51 to 65
rows. Ventrals 276-290; anal entire; subcaudals 50-79. Pale
brown above, with a dorsal series of rhomboidal dark spots, and
dark brown reticulated lines on the sides; a lateral series of dark
brown ocelli with yellowish centres ; yellowish beneath.
Total length 2170 millim. ; tail 195.
Cuba.
3. Epicrates striatus.
Fpicrates angulifer (nox Bibr.), Gray, Cat. p. 94 (1849). (Specimens
only.)
meester striatus, Escher, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. iii. 1856,
p. 102, pl. ii. fig. 2; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 86, 1. 6, pl. iv. (1864) ;
Steind. Novara, Rept. p. 57 (1867).
multisectus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 70.
strigilatus, Cope, l. ec. p. 71, and Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xi.
1871, p. 558.
Epicrates versicolor, Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, xxii. 1863, p. 89,
striatus, Steind. 1. ce, p. 98.
Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above ; enlarged
shields on the top of the head; a pair of prefrontals, a pair of
frontals sometimes fused, sometimes broken up, and, on each side, a
supraocular, which may be divided into two or three shields; a
large elongate loreal, sometimes divided into two; a large pri-
ocular, with a subocular below it ; one or two scales in front of the
suboenlar ; four or five postoculars ; 14 or 15 upper labials, without
or with very feeble impressions, seventh and eighth, eighth and
ninth, or ninth, entering the eye; posterior lower labials with
shallow impressions. Scales in 51 to 63 rows. Ventrals 271-302 ;
anal entire; subcaudals 64-88. Pale brown above, with dark
olive-brown spots separated by narrow interspaces, or brown with
8. EPICRATES. 97
yellowish undulous or zigzag cross bands, which may be edged with
blackish ; usually a more or less distinct dark streak on each side
of the head behind the eye; lower parts yellowish or pale olive,
more or less spotted with brown or black.
Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 250.
Santo Domingo ; New Providence Id., Bahamas.
a,b. Q (Sc. 68, 55; V. 302, 290; S. Domingo. Zoological Society.
C. 82, 81).
e. Yg. (Sc. 57; V. 281; C.82). SS. Domingo.
d, e. 2 (Sc. 61, 55; V. 288, 283; ?
C. F, 88).
WO (Se, OLAV. 2715 0.79).
Zoological Society.
2 Haslar Hospital.
The following specimens, born in the Zoological Gardens, London,
have been stated to be hybrids between Epicrates angulifer and
Chilabothrus inornatus (Sclater, Proc. Zooi. Soc. 1878, p. 789).
But as they do not differ from Z. striatus, and as I entertain
doubts concerning the correct determination of the parents (which
I have not been able to trace), I feel justified in referring them to
this species.
g-h, 7, k,l. Her. & yg. (Se.55,55, Bred in London, Zoological Society.
5d, 53, 51; V. 278, 282, 285,
285, 278; C. 66, 64, 66, ?, 66).
4. Epicrates inornatus.
Boa inornata, Reinh. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. x. 1843, p. 258, pl. i.
figs. 21-23.
Chilabothrus inornatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 565 (1844) ; Gray, Cat.
p. 103 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 87, 1. 6, pl. v. (1864); Garm. N.
Am. Rept. p. 132 (1883); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 524,
pl. xxxi. fig. 2 (1882).
eer boettgeri, Seoane, Abh. Senck, Ges. xii. 1880, p. 217,
pl. —.
Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above; two
pairs of prefrontals, posterior sometimes broken up into small
irregular shields; a large frontal, in contact with, and not or but
slightly larger than, the supraoculars; a pair of smail parietals, in
contact with the frontal and supraoculars; a large, elongate lores
a large preocular, usually with a small shield below it ;\two to fg
postoculars; eleven or twelve upper labials, one, two, or |
(fifth to seventh) entering the eye; no labial pits. Scales iy
45 rows. Ventrals 261-286; anal entire; subeaudals re
Yellow or pale olive anteriorly, frequently blackish brown poste
more or less distinct spots or cross*ars on the body ; 30%
pair of dark streaks along the neck ; an ill-defined dayiitS}
be present behind the eye.
Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 250.
‘Jamaica; Santo Domingo, Porto Rico,”
)
98 BOID!S.
a. 3 (Se. 43; V. 275; C.
“I
on)
wa
Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq.
P
(Pak
b. Ad., stfid. Jamaica. ~ J. Gould, Esq. [P.].
c, d,e. & (Sc. 41, 41; V. 267, W. Indies.
277 ; C. 71, 79).
f. 3 (Se. 45; V. 276; C. 80). P
g-t. Yg. (Se. 41, 39, 39; V. 265, Born in the Zoological Gardens,
264, "073; C. 74, 2, ; 60). London.
k. Eggs. Bluefields, Ja- P. H. Gosse, Esq.
maica. Lal
5. Epicrates fordii.
Pelophilus fordii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 142, pl. xxiii.
Chilabothrus fordii, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 87 (1865).
Homalochilus chrysogaster, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Sc. xi. 1871,
p—] p. 557.
F Chilabothrus maculatus, Fvscher, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. v. 1888,
p. 39, pl. iii. fig. 7.
Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; a
pair of large prefrontals, followed by smaller, more or less regular
shields; a large frontal, in contact with the supraocular, which is
only about half as large ; two to four loreals; a large preocular,
with one or two small ‘shields below it; four to seven postoculars ;
13 or 14 upper labials, sixth and seventh, seventh and eighth, or
sixth, seventh, and eighth entering the eye; no labial pits. Scales
in 33 to 43 rows. Ventrals 250-265 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 70-
80. Pale olive, yellowish, or reddish above, with a dorsal series of
large, elliptic or reniform, transverse dark brown spots edged with
blackish, some of which may be confluent to form an undulous
band; a lateral series of smaller spots; a dark stripe on each side
of the head, passing through the eye; belly yellowish, with small
brown spots.
Total length get millim. ; tail 125,
Santo Domingo ;} (Turk’s Island, Bahamas.-
© (Se. ore Ve 250 ; C. 80). S. Domingo.
A(Sc. 33; V. ne C. 70). —? (Type.)
Sc. 3d ; V5 ; 6. 74). —? Dr, A. Giinther [P.]-
6. Epicrates gracilis.
rus gracilis, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. v. 1888,
Paiii fig. 8
Ito the preceding, but more slender and strongly
12 upper labials, sixth and seventh or fifth and
sy Scales in 40 rows. Ventrals 282-289 ;
®& Blackish grey, somewhat lighter on the
cries of small black spots.
tail 165.
ee 5
9. CORALLUS. 99
}s ah
9. CORALLUS.
Boa, part., Daud. Hist. Rept. v. p. 106 (1803); Schleg. Phys. Serp.
ii. p. 373 (1837).
Corallus, Daud. t. ¢. p. 256; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 97 (1849).
Draco (non Laur.), part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 278 (1816).
Xiphosoma, Wagler, in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 40 (1824), and Syst.
Amph. p. 167 (1830) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 356 (1844) ;
Gray, l. ce. p. 96; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 91 (1864); Bocourt, Miss. Se.
Mex., Rept. p. 526 (1882). 7
Sanzinia, Gray, /. c. p. 98.
Chrysenis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 182.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very large, posterior
small. Head distinct from neck, covered with scales or small
shields; nostril between three shields; both lips with deep pits.
Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body compressed ; scales small,
smooth. Tail more or less elongate, or short, prehensile; sub-
‘ caudals single.
Tropical America ; Madagascar.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Tail long, with at least 100 subcaudals ; nasals usually in con-
tact behind the rostral ; no labials entering the eye.
Seales in 39 to 47 rows; ventrals
255 DG EE ee. 1. cookit, p. 99.
Scales in 51 to 59 rows; ventrals
DOO ete ini Ania)is.s-s + os oo) ae ROTCUIANUS, Dash
IL. Tail moderate, with 64 to 82 subcaudals; rostral in contact
with a pair of small shields separating the nasals ; no labials
entering the eye.
Scales in 54 rows; ventrals 260.... 3. annulatus, p. 102.
Scales in 61 to 71 rows ; ventrals 1S8—
Jo ee ea ae Ae Ok re 4, caninus, p. 102.
III. Tail short, with 30 to 48 subcaudals; rostral in - contact
with a pair of small shields separating the nasals; eye in
contact with labials; scales in 41 to 53 rows; ventrals
C125. US 8G Se 5. madagascariensis, p. 103.
1. Corallus cookii. (Pave LV. fig. 3.)
Boa hortulana, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 892 (1857).
Corallus cookii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 42 (1842).
hortulanus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 97 (1849).
Fg) aaa ruschenbergii, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 129 ;
ocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 527 (1882). +
— hortulanum, Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxiv. 1887, p. 279.
Rostral as broad as deep, or slightly deeper, not or = scarcely
“, ahd HZ
.
a
ka
100 BOID®.
visible from above; nasals in contact behind the rostral, followed
by a pair of large preefrontals ; a series of enlarged supraoculars,
separated from the eye by one series of scales; 9 to 18 scales from
eye to eye across the forehead, and 11 to 14 round the eye; one or
two large preoculars and two large loreals ; 11 to 14 upper labials,
strongly pitted below and behind the eye, the anterior more or less
distinctly pitted; anterior lower labials not pitted. Scales in 30 to
47 rows. Ventrals 253-285; anal entire; subcaudals 101-118.
Coloration very variable.
Total length 1550 millim. ; tail 320.
Goieneas Venezuela, British Guiana, Trinidad, and Windward
Islands of the West Indies.
A. Pale yellowish or greyish brown above, with two parallel or
alternating series of large rhomboidal dark brown spots,
descending to the sides, and which may inclose a yellowish
ocellus ; upper surface of head with dark brown or black spots
or marblings, and two dark streaks on each side behind the
eye; lower parts yellowish, spotted with brown. (C. cookw,
Gray.)
a. Her. 3 (Sc. 45; V.270; W. Indies. E. Cooke, Esq. [P.].
Soe 118). (Type.
. 2 (Sc. 48; V. 273510. St. Vincent. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.].
” Tis) TDP ae Esq.
Pals
ec. 2 (Sc. 45; V. 263; C. Becquia Island, tat H. H. Smith [C.].
108). Grenadines. FF. D. Godman, Esq.
: [Pi
d-f. Her. go (Sc. 41, 41; IslandofGrenada. G. rae Esq. [ P.].
V. 273, 273; C. 113,
107) & On(Se. 41;
V. 262; C. 106).
g. & (Se. 43; V. 264; British Guiana. Sir R. Schomburgk | P.}.
C. 112).
B. Blackish brown above, variegated with yellowish lines (the
borders of the markings of the typical form); belly blackish
brown. (Var. melanea, Gray.)
ee (Sc. 43; V. 2738; St. Vincent. Zoological Society.
C.?).
ao (Se. 43; V. 264; C. Trinidad. J. H. Hart, Esq. [P.].
ton.
C. Yellowish brown above, uniform or with mere traces of the
dark markings; belly yellow, without spots.
k-n. 3 (Se. 41; V. 268; Island ofGrenada. G. Murray, Esq. [P.].
C. 101), @ (Sec. 43,
41; V. 270, 264; C.
108, 105), & Ye: (Se.
; V.258; C. 105).
9. CORALLUS. LOM
D. Olive-brown above, some of the scales yellow, forming more or
less distinct festooned lines (the borders of the markings of
the typical form); all the scales edged with black, the black
predominating on the tail; head with mere traces of the
dark markings ; belly yellow, with a few smail black spots.
(X. ruschenbergii, Cope.)
o. do (Se. 43; V. 263; Rosario de Cu- Mr. C. Webber [C.].
Cy Len): cuta, Colombia.
p. 2 (Se. 47; V. 262; Venezuela.
C. 107).
2: Cdratins hortulanus.
2
Seba, Thes. i. pl. liv. fig. 2 (1734), & ii. pls. 1. & Ixxxiy. fig. 1 (1785) ;
Merrem, Beitr. ii. p. 14, pl. ii. (1790).
Coluber hortulanus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 87 (1754).
Boa hortulana, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 374 (1766); Bonnat. Encyci. Meéth.,
Ophiol. p. 8, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1789) ; Schnetd. Amph. ii. p. 245 (1801) ;
Daud. Rept. v. p. 119 (1803) ; Schneid. Denkschr. Ak. Minch. vii.
1821, p. 114.
enydris, Linn. l.c.; Bonnat. 1. e. pl. viii. fig. 8.
Vipera bitis, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 102 (1768).
madarensis, Laur. 1. c.
Coluber maderensis, Gimel. S. N. i. p. 1092 (1788).
—— bitis, Gmel. 1. ¢.
Boa merremi, Schnetd. Amph. ii. p. 259.
elegans, Daud. t. c. p. 128, pl. 1xi.
Corallus obtusirostris, Daud. t. ¢. p. 259.
Draco hortulanus, Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 277 (1816).
Xiphoscma ornatum, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p. 40, pl. xiv. fig. 2
(1824),
abate Wagl. l. ec. p. 43, pl. xv.
hortulanum, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 54 (1826); Dum. &§
Bibr. vi. p. 645 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 92, 1. 7, pl. ii. (1864).
Boa modesta, Reuss, Mus. Senckend. i. p. 129 (1834).
hortulana, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 892, pl. xiv. figs. 10 &
11 (1837).
Corallus hortulanus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 42 (1842).
maculatus, Gray, /. ¢.
— hortulanus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 97 (1849).
Rostral slightly deeper than broad, not or but scarcely visible
from above ; nasals usually in contact behind the rostral, followed
by a pair of large preefrontals ; a series of slightly enlarged supra-
oculars, separated from the eye by one series of scales; 12 to 15
scales from eye to eye across the forehead, and 12 to 17 round the
eye; a large preocular and two large loreals; 12 to 14 upper
labials, strongly pitted below and behind the eye; anterior lower
labials not pitted, posterior deeply pitted. Scales in 51 to 59 rows.
Ventrals 270-299; anal entire; subcaudals 108-128. Brown or
pale grey-brown above, with two alternating series of large, more
or less distinct, dark brown, rhomboidal or roundish spots, which
may be edged with yellowish; head usually pale brown, with dark
brown steaks edged with yellowish, viz. a curved one on the snout,
from eye to eye, another on the middle of the back of the head, and
two on each side, behind the eye ; head sometimes dark brown with
Pity: =)
102 BOID”.
yellow lines and marblings ; lower parts yellowish, more or less
profusely spotted with brown.
Total length 1800 millim. ; tail 320.
Guianas, Northern Brazil, Ecuador, Northern Peru.
a-b. 3 (Se. 55; V. 289; British Guiana. Demerara Mus.
C. 115) & her. (Se. eel:
51; V. 283; C. 118).
c. 9 (Sc. 53; V. 285; Berbice. Lady Essex [P.].
BCs 126). (Type of C. maculatus.)
Ge SON(SC, OF FW ete Surinam. Hr. Kappler [C. ].
C. 124)
e Ve (Scooby Veco: Guiana.
C. 120). :
fa CO OSC DONE nO Bahia. Dr. Wucherer [C.].
C. 121).
ge QaSegorsaNae280 Upper Amazon. Mr. Bartlett [C.].
C. 109).
h. 2 (Se. 595 V...2875 Yurimaguas, Huallaga Dr. Hahnel [C.].
Seley, River, N.E. Peru.
(ONC GSCOOs) Vie Dies Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff[C.].
C. 112). Peru,
3. Corallus annulatus.
Xiphosoma annulatum, Cope, Jown. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 129,
pl. xxviii. fig. 6; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 526, pl. xxxi.
fig. 4 (1882).
Rostral deeper than broad; two small shields behind the rostral,
separating the nasals; no enlarged supraoculars ; 12 scales from eye
to eye, across the forehead; three loreals and a preocular; 14
upper labials, all pitted; anterior lower labials not pitted. Scales
in 54 rows. Ventrals 260; anal entire; subcaudals 82. - Ash-
coloured, with darker oval figures on each side; head and lower
surfaces uniform.
Total length 755 millim.; tail 132.
Costa Rica,
4. Corallus caninus.
Seba, Thes. ii. pls. xxxiv. figs. 1 & 2, & Ixxxi. & xevi. fig. 2 (1835).
Boas caninus, Linn, Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 39, pl. iii. (1754).
Boa canina, Linn. S. N. i. p. 873 (1766) ; Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii.
p. 242 (1801) ; Daud. Rept. v. p. 214 (1803); Schneid. Denkschr.
Ak. Minch, vii. 1821, p. 112; Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xix. fig. 2
(1830) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 888, pl. xiv. figs. 8 & 9 (1837).
— thalassina, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 89 (1768).
aurantiaca, Laur. 1. c.
exigua, Laur. l. ¢.
hypnale, Schnerd. Amph. ii. p. 245,
Draco caninus, Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 276 (1816).
Xiphosoma araramboya, Wagl. in. Spirv, Serp. Bras. p. 45, pl. xvi.
(1824).
caninum, Fvtzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 54 (1826); Dum. § Bibr.
vi. p. 540 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 96 (1849) ; Selater, Zool. Sketches
pl. 1. (1861); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 91, 1. 7, pl. i. (1864).
Chrysenis batesii, Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1860, p. 152, pl. xxiv.
.
ce
9. CORALLUS. 103
- Rostal as broad as deep or a little broader, deeply pitted on each
side, scarcely visible from above, where it is in contact with a pair
of small shields separating the nasals; a pair of large préfrontals
may be present; enlarged supraocular, if present, separated from
the eye by a series of scales; 9 to 12 scales from eye to eye across
the forehead, and 10 to 14 round the eye; one or two preoculars,
and three loreals (the latter sometimes fused); 12 or 13 upper
labials, all except the last deeply pitted ; first and last lower labials
not pitted. Scales in 61 to 71 rows. Ventrals 188-219; anal
entire; subcaudals 64-79. Adult bright green above, with white
spots and cross bars, yellow inferiorly. Young yellowish, with the
white markings edged with dark green or purplish black.
Total length 1450 millim. ; tail 220.
Guianas, Brazil.
a-b, 9 (Se. 65; V. 204; —_— British Guiana. Demerara Mus. [P. ].
C. 74) & yg. (Se. 65 ;
V. 207; OF TL),
mee (oc. Vl: V..'207 ; Surinam. Lidth de Jeude Coll.
©. 79).
@ 6 (Sc. 63; V. 197; Surinam. Hr. Kappler [C.].
C.-74).
mo (Sc. 67; “VV. 196; RK. Capin, Para.
C. 68).
ie. Xe. (Be. 69; V. 219; Upper Amazon. H. W. Bates, Esq.
C. 75). Pi
(Type of Chrysenis batesit.)
g,h. 2 (Se. 68, G1; V. ‘Brazil.
213, 199; C. 78, 74),
% 6 (Sc. 67; V. 201; S. America. Zoological Society.
C. 70).
5. Corallus madagascariensis.
Xiphosoma madagascariensis, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 549 (1844) ; Jan,
Icon. Gén. p. 93,1. 7, pl. iv. (1864) ; Boettg. Aon. Senck. Ges. xi.
1877, p. 21, and t. ¢. 1879, p- 470.
Sanzinia madagascariensis, Gray, Cat. p. 99 (1849),
Rostral as broad as deep, just visible from above, followed by two
or three pairs of small shields, the anterior of which separate the
nasals ; the rest of the upper surface of the head covered with small,
convex, tubercular scales; some of the scales above the eye may
coalesce to form a supraocular shield; 8 to 11 scales across the
forehead, from eye to eye; 13 to 15 upper labials, one, two, or
three of which enter the eye, with deep pits between them ; all the
lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 4] to 53 rows. Ventrals
200-234 ; anal entire; subcaudals 30-48. Brown or olive above,
with two longitudinal series of large roundish or rhomboidal dark
brown spots with yellow centre and border ; an oblique dark brown
streak on each side from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower
_ parts yellow, uniform or with small brown ‘ spots.
Total length 1300 millim. ; tail 130.
Madagascar.
104 ; BOIDAM. -
a-c. g (Se. 43, 48, 45; S.E. Betsileo. My. T. Waters [C. ].
V. 207, 203, 208; C.
30, 36, 37).
d-e, f-g, h-t. g (Sc. 41, Ankafana, Betsileo, Rev. W. D. Cowan
Al; V.. 212, 203; C. [C.].
49, 39), Q (Se. 43, 43 ;
VY. 208, 212; C. 42,
36), & embryos.
k. Yg. (Sc. 45; V. 200; —_Betsileo. Rev. G. A. Shaw
C. 37). [C.].
l,m. Ye. (Sc. 58,49; V. Madagascar.
228, 212; C. 46, 38).
10. ENYGRUS.
Enygrus, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 166 (1830); Dum. § Bibr. Erp.
Gén., vi. p. 476 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 105 (1849).
Boa, part., Schleg. Phys, Serp. 11. p. 873 (1837).
Enygrus, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 76 (1865).
Erebophis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 1381; Peters & Doria,
Ann, Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 405.
Fig. 6.
Head of Enygrus asper.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very large, the rest
small and subequal. Head distinct from neck, covered with small
scales. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body compressed.
Scales keeled. Tail short, prehensile; subcaudals single.
Moluccas, Papuasia, Polynesia.
10. ENYGRUS. 105
Synopsis of the Species.
Ventrals 232-252; subcaudals 51-62; 37-
41 scales round the body; a series of
EEE IET Cle os) 0 «svc a os 6 oe area 1. australis, p. 105.
Ventrals 210-225; subcaudals 50-58; 31-
33 scales round the body; a series of
BI EREDEREEY Joye Siodrace «<0 0 cc’ 6 on tee 2. bibronii, p. 106.
Ventrals 160-200; subcaudals 38-56; 33-
43 scales round the body; two or three
labials entering the eye ...........4.+ 3. carinatus, p. 107.
Ventrals 131-146; subcaudals 15-21; 33-
39 scales round the body; a series of
SU ASL Senha S Se se ree ay bo! 4. asper, p. 109.
1. Enygrus australis.
Enygrus bibronii (non Hombr. § Jacq.), Girard, US. Explor.
Fxped., Herp. p. 117 (1858) ; Bavay, Mém. Soe. ‘Linn. Norm. xv.
1869, p. 32.
Boa australis, Montrouxer, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xii. 1860, p. 95.
Snout prominent and obliquely truncate; canthus rostralis
rounded. Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above ; head-
scales small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels; eleven
to fourteen scales from eye to eye across the forehead; eye sur-
rounded by a circle of fourteen to eighteen scales; ten to fourteen
upper labials, separated from the eye by a series of scales. Scales
rather strongly keeled, the keels forming straight lines on the
back ; 37 to 41 scales round the thickest part of the body. Ven-
trals 232-252; anal entire ; subcaudals 51-62. Coloration very
variable ; no black line along the side of the belly.
Total length 1130 millim.; tail 140.
New Britain, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, Loyalty Islands,
Samoa.
A. Brown, olive, or reddish above, with a series of large darker
dorsal spots, which may be confluent into a zigzag band; a
series of large light spots may be present along each side of
the body; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing
through the eye, and a dark cross bar from eye to eye; belly
spotted with brown or black.
a. & (Sc. 87; V. 2389; Duke of York Island. Rev.G. Brown[C.].
C
. 55).
b. Q (Se. 41; V. 237; San Christoval. Museum of Econo-
C, 59). mic Geology.
e-d. 9 (Sc. 37; V.233; Santa Anna Island, H. B. Guppy, Esq.
C. 58) & hgr. (Se. 37 ; Solomons. CP. ]-
V. 244; C. 55).
e. 9 (Se. 37; V. 244; Loyalty Islands. Sir G. Grey [P.].
C. 60).
106 BOID®.
F-h. & (Se. 39; V. 248; Samoa Islands, Rey. S. J. Whitmee
©. 60), 9 (Se. 389; V; ie eal
245: ©. 59), & yg.
(Sc. 39; V. 248; C.
60).
im. 9 (Se. 37, 41; V. Coast of Savaii. Rev. 8. J. Whitmee
245, 240; C. Gl, 54), ee).
her. (Se. 40; V. 252;
©. 51), & yg. (Se. 39;
V. 287 ; C.'60).
B. Pale reddish brown above, with a dark brown vertebral stripe
edged with yellow ; uniform yellow beneath.
n. Her. (Sc. 41; V.235; New Hebrides. D. McNab, Esq.
Cer) Ps}
C. Uniform pale brown or orange above, yellowish beneath.
o. 9 (Sc. 87; V. 244; 8. Christoval. H.MLS. ‘ Herald.’
C. 60).
p. 3d (Se. 37; V. 285; 8. Christoval. Museum of Eco-
Ce) nomic Geology.
q. & (Se. 387; V. 232; | Southern island of H. B. Guppy, Esq.
C. 56). the Three Sisters, (Pal
Solomons,
r. Her. (Sc. 39; V. 286; New Hebrides. D. McNab, Esq.
C. 59). [P.].
s. Yg. (Se. 39; V. 235; Havannah Harbour, Dr. Corrie [P.}.
C. 61). New Hebrides.
2. Enygrus bibronii.
Enyegrus bibronii, Hombr. § Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., Rept. p. 18,
pl. i. (1842) ; Dum. § Brbr. vi. p. 483 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 105
(1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 77, 1. 2, pl. ili. (1861).
Snout prominent and obliquely truncate; canthus rostralis
rounded. Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above ;
head-scales small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels ;
ten to fourteen scales from eye to eye across the forehead; eye
surrounded by a circle of 14 to 18 scales; 11 to 14 upper labials,
separated from the eye by a series of scales. Scales rather strongly
keeled, the keels forming straight lines on the back; 31 to 33
scales round the thickest part of the body. Ventrals 210-225;
anal entire ; subcaudals 50-58. Olive, greenish, or greyish above,
with brown, reddish, or black spots, which may be confluent into
longitudinal bands on the neck; or reddish brown with black and
yellow spots; a dark stripe on each side of the head behind the
eye; tail with large, dark, black-edged spots separated by narrow
yellow interspaces ; lower parts yellowish, uniform or spotted or
marbled with black; usually a black line or series of small spots
running along the outer border of the ventrals on the anterior part
of the body.
Total length 1000 millim. ; tail 130.
San Christoval, Fiji, and Tonga Islands.
10. ENYGRUS. 107
a. 3 (Sc.31; V. 216; C.53). San Christoval, Museum of Econo-
mic Geology.
b, e-d. § (Se. 32; V. 219; Fiji Islands. R. Macgillivray,
C.55), Q (Se. 31; V.212; Esq. [C.].
C. 50), & her. (Sc. 33 ;
V. 218; C. 52).
e. 3 (Se. 33; V. 223; C.58). Fiji Islands. H.MLS. ‘ Herald.’
J. ia (Se: 31; NV. 218 ; C.?). Fiji Islands. Mus. Godeffroy.
G. & Po 31; V.220; 0.51). Friendly Islands. Mus. Godeftroy.
h-i. & (Se. 33 ; V. 225; New Caledonia (?).
O; ‘bL). -& ye. (Se. 33;
V. 219; C. 52).
k. Hgr. 3, skel. Fiji Islands. R. Macgillivray,
Esq. [C.].
3. Enygrus carinatus.
Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xxviii. figs. 8-6 (1735); Merrem, Ann. Wetter.
Ges. ii. 1810, p. 60, pl. ix.
Boa carinata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 261 (1801); Daud. Rept.
v. p. 222 (1803); Schneid. Denkschr. Akad. Miinch. vii. 1821,
p- 118; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 397, pl. xiv. figs. 12 & 13
(1837).
Cenchris ocellata, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 97 (1831).
Candoia carinata, Gray, Zool. Mise. P. 43 (1842).
Knygrus carinatus, Dum. § Bibr. P a (1844) ; Gray, Cat.
Pp: 105 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 76) 1 i 22,. plat fie. 1. (186h)
Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 405.
superciliosus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. NE (3) xii. 1863, p. 560,
pl. vi. fig. D.
Snout very prominent, obliquely truncate; canthus rostralis
angular. Mostral broader than deep, not visible from above; head-
scales small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels; some of
the supraocular scales may be enlarged ; five to ten scales from eye
to eye across the forehead ; eye bordered by 10 to 14 scales and
two or three labials; 10 to 13 upper labials. Scales strongly
keeled, the keels forming straight lines ; 33 to 43 scales round the
thickest part of the body. Ventrals 160-200; anal entire; sub-
caudals 38-56. Coloration very variable.
Total length 900 millim.; tail 110.
Pelew Islands, Moluceas, Timor Laut, New Guinea, New Ireland,
and New Britain, Solomon Islands.
A. Yellowish or pale brown above, with dark brown markings,
some or all of which are confluent into stripes: loreal and
temporal regions dark brown, with a few yellowish spots;
belly yellowish, powdered with brown in the middle, with
elongate dark brown blotches or a stripe on each side.
a. Her. (Se. 33; V. 166; Amboyna.
C. 50).
b-e. Her. (Se. 35, 33 5 N. Ceram.
V. 183, poe Be. oO).
d. 2(Se. 37: . 187; C.52). Mansinam, N.Guinea.
108
e-i. 2 (Se. 35, 33, 35;
V. 181, 181, 186; C. 56,
. (Se. 35, 35;
51,50) & yg
V. 175, 185; CO. 50, 53).
BOIDA,
Duke of York Id.
Rey. G. Brown [C.].
B. Yellowish or brown above, with rhomboidal dark brown or
blackish spots, or with a dark zigzag dorsal band; a dark
streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ;
ieiga dotted or spotted with black.
r, (Sc. 83; V. 183;
gis
2 ~
= .
(o)
tose
—
- Me
S
(Su)
co
<
>
>=
|
aQ'> ©
et
NH bow
&
+O ©
Se. 48,43; V.189,
©. 42, 39).
(Sc. 41; V. 183;
Te
is
Biss
i
Se po
w-d. 3 (Se. 39,389; V.196,
196; C. 39, 40), 2 (Se.
39, 39, 43; V. 186, 187,
187; C. 43, 38, 39), &
her. (Se. 39, 39, 39; V.
193, 195, 191; 6. Al, 39,
42),
e-n. 9 (Sc. 41,41; V. 185,
187; C. 40, 43) & yg.
(Se. 41; V.179; C.41).
Pug SC. cles, « VoeLeen
OC. 41) & her. (Se. 39;
Pelew Islands.
G.L. King, Esq. [P.].
(Type of EL. superedlosus.)
Amboyna.
N. Ceram.
Timor Laut.
New Guinea, 8. of
Huon Gulf.
Normanby, Louisiade
Archipelago,
Rossel Isl., Louisiade
Archipelago.
Solomon Islands.
Faro Isl., Solomon
Group.
Shortland Isl., Solo-
mon Group.
Treasury Isl.,
mon Group.
Solo-
Florida Isl., Solomon
Group.
San Christoval.
ay 192; C. 42),
ae (Se. 37; V. 195; San Christoval.
ic 46).
A. @ (Sc. 85; V. 194; Sta. Anna Isl., Solo-
C. 40). » mon Group.
ee asc. or 5 187; Ugi Isl, Solomon
C. 40). Group.
v. & skel Solomon Islands.
H. O. Forbes, Esq.
ose
Dr. Comrie [C. }.
B. H. Thomson, Esq.
es:
B. H. Thomson, Esq.
G. Krefft, Esq. [P. ].
H. B. Guppy, Esq.
Bel:
H. B. Guppy, Esq.
(eal:
H. B. Guppy, Esq.
eal:
C. M. Woodford,
Esq. [C.].
Mus. of Economic
Geology.
H. B. Guppy, Esq.
EG 8 Guppy, Esq.
H. i Gane Esq.
H. B Guppy, Esq.
(aes:
C. Yellowish or pale reddish brown above, uniform or with small
darker spots.
ember (Se, 33;°V. 178;
C. 43).
Pelew Islands.
G. L. King, Esq. [P.].
(Type of E. supercihosus. )
11. TRACHYBOA. 109
o 2 (Sc. 387; V. 183; Ternate. H.M.S. ‘Challenger,’
C. 40).
mi? (Se.sas) Va 75; ) Misol.
C. 48).
p» 9 (Se. 88; V. 177; New Guinea, S. of Dr. Comrie [C.].
C. 41). Huon Gulf.
ao. 9 (Sc. 39; V. 187; Solomon Islands. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.].
C, 43).
4, Enygrus asper.
Erebophis asper, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 182, pl. xxi. ;
Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ii. 1878, p. 39; Peters §& Doria,
Ann. Mus. Genov. xiii. 1878, p. 406, pl. iv.; Hubrecht, Notes
Leyd. Mus, i, 1879, p. 19.
Snout prominent, obliquely truncate; ganthus rostralis angular.
Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above; head-scales
. small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels ; eight or nine
scales from eye to eye across the forehead; eye surrounded by a
circle of 13 or 14 scales; ten or eleven upper labials, Scales
strongly keeled, the keels forming oblique lines; 33 to 39 scales
round the thickest part of the bedy. Ventrals 131-146; anal
entire ; subcaudals 15-21. Reddish brown above, with a dorsal
series of large dark-brown, black-edged spots, which may be con-
fluent into a zigzag band; yellowish beneath, uniform or with
dark brown spots.
Total length 730 millim.; tail 55.
Misol, Salawatty, New Guinea, and Duke of York Island.
a. 2 (Sc. 33; V.140; C.16). Andai, N. Guinea.
b. 9 (Se. 89; V.146; C. 20). Duke of York Isl. Rev. G. Brown [C.].
(Type.)
c. Skeleton. Duke of York Isl.
11. TRACHYBOA.
Trachyboa, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 200.
Enygrus, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 76 (1865).
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually
decreasing in size. Head distinct from neck, covered with scales ;
no rostral shield; nostril in a single nasal. Eye moderate, with
vertical pupil. Body compressed. Scales keeled. ‘Tail short, pre-
hensile ; subcaudals single.
South America.
1. Trachyboa gularis.
Trachyboa gularis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 200, pl. —. fig. 1.
Enygrus gularis, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 77, 1. 2, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1861).
S$nout scarcely prominent. Upper head-scales small, convex,
keeled, a few on the snout transversely enlarged and smooth ; eye
110 BOIDA.
bordered by one labial (fifth or sixth) and 11 to 13 scales; 23 to
26 shields round the upper lip; four pairs of shields bordering the
mental groove. Scales strongly keeled, in 29 to 31 rows. Ven-
trals 149-152; anal entire; subcaudals 25-30. Brown above,
darker on the top of the head and the middle of the nape; two
alternating series of large black spots on each side, the lower
largest and extending on the belly, which is yellowish.
Total length 595 millim.; tail 39,
Guayaquil; Brazil.
12. UNGALIA.
Boa, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. 11. p. 875 (1837).
Unealia, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 46 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 104 (1849).
Tropidophis, Bibr. in R. de la Sayra, Hist. Cuba, Rept. p. 207
(1843); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 488 (1844); Jan, Icon.
Gén. Ophid. p. 74 (1865).
Leionotus, Bid. 1. ec. p. 211.
*Notophis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 156.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually
decreasing in size. Head distinct from neck, covered with shields,
viz. a pair of internasals, one or two pairs of prefrontals, a pair of
supraoculars, a frontal, and a pair of parietals ; nostril between two
nasals; no loreale Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body
cylindrical or compressed; scales moderate, smooth or keeled.
Tail short, pointed, prehensile; subcaudals single.
West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica), Guate-
mala, Ecuador, Peru.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Vertebral scales not enlarged.
Scales in 23 rows, keeled; ventrals 149-
. taczanowskyi, p. 111.
. moreletit, p. 111.
bo
Scales in 25 rows, tectiform; ventrals 208.
Scales in 27 or 29 rows, keeled; ventrals
DOB OE ea oes ktass Sus etic eee 3. melanura, p. 111.
Seales in 25 to 29 rows, smooth or dorsals
feebly keeled: ventrals 171-211...... 4, maculata, p. 112. |
Scales in 23 or 25 rows, smooth; ventrals
EZ AT OD. x ose let ove soe th tee eT 5. pardalis, p. 1138.
Scales in 21 or 23 rows, smooth; ventrals
2} IG ARR Sb 525404 6. semicineta, p. 113.
II. Scales of vertebral row enlarged.
Scales in 25 rows, smooth ; ventrals188..
5 ’
Scales in 23 rows, keeled; ventrals 168 ..
. conjuncta, p. 115.
. cand, p. 114.
Co I
acapicail
12. UNGALIA. eel
1. Ungalia taczanowskyi.
Ungalia taczanowskyi, Steindachn. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lxxx. 1880,
p: 522, pl. —.
Head slightly distinct from neck. Rostral a little broader than
deep, just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, longer
than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals ;
one or two pre- and two postoculars ; eight or nine upper labials,
fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales keeled, three outer rows
smooth, in 23 rows. Ventrals 149-160; anal entire; subcaudals
25. Brown above, with darker longitudinal streaks or series of
spots ; a series of large black spots and yellowish dots on each side ;
sides of belly black; ventrals black and yellow.
Total length 345 millim. ; tail 40.
Kceuador and Peru.
a. 2 (V. 149; CO. 25). Guayaquil.
2. Ungalia moreletii.
Tropidophis moreletii, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. (2) ix. 1885,
_p. Ls.
Ungalia moreletii, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xlii. fig. 5
(1888) .—
Head slightly distinct from neck. Rostral slightly broader than
deep, visible from above ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long
as its distance from the end of the snout; parietals short; one
pre-and two postoculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye. Scales tectiform, in 25 rows. Ventrals 208; analentire ;
subeaudals 34. Pale brown above, with two longitudinal series of
large blackish spots edged with yellowish; a single series of
spots on the tail; lower parts yellowish white, with a few small
greyish-brown spots on the sides.
Total length 442 millim, ; tail 45.
Vera Paz, Guatemala,
3. Ungalia melanura.
Boa melanura, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 899 (1837), and Abbild.
pl. xxvi. (1844).
Ungalia melanura, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 46 (1842), and Cat. p. 104
(1849) ; Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1868, p. 129; Gundl. Erp. Cub.
p- 61 (1880).
Tropidophis melanurus, Bebr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Rept.
p- 208, pl. xxiii, (18435); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 491 (1844) ; Jan,
Icon. Gén. p. 75, 1. 5, pl. i. fig. 1 (1864).
Notophis bicarinatus, Hadlow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p, 156.
Head distinct from neck. Rostral broader than deep, just visible
from above ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from
the end of the snout; parietals short; one pre- and three post-
oculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales
in 27 or 29 rows, feebly keeled, four or five outer rows smooth.
Ys
Ti BOID 4.
Ventrals 203-224 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 32-41. Pale yellowish
or greyish brown above, with small darker spots with yellowish
ocelli; two dark streaks, more or less distinct, along each side of
the body, the upper extending to the head and passing through the
eye; a dark vertebral line may be present; end of tail usually.
blackish ; lower parts yellowish, uniform or dotted with brown.
Total length 480 millim. ; tail 50.
Cuba.
May (Sc. 2759N walle egos): Cuba. Zoological Society.
6. Her. (Sc. 29; V. 224; C. 35). ?
4. Ungalia maculata.
Leionotus maculatus, Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Rept.
p. 212, pl. xxiv. (1843).
Boa pardalis, part., Gundlach, Arch. f. Nat. 1840, p.359. Sjim dasa?
Tropidophis maculatus, part., Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 494 (1844).
Chilabothrus inornatus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 103 (1849).
Ungalia maculata, part., Gray, l. c. p. 104 (1849).
Boa pardalis, Gosse, Nat. Soy. Jamaica, p. 324 (1851).
Tropidophis maculatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 75, 1. 5, pl. il. fig. 1 (1864).
distinctus, Jan, J. c. pl. i. fig. 2.
Ungalia pardalis, Cope, Proc. ‘Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 129.
bucculenta, Cope, 7. c.
dipsadina, Cope, l. c. p. 180.
heetiana, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 273;
Garm. op. cit, xxiv. 1887, p. 279.
maculata, Gundl. Erp. Cub. p. 69 (1880).
Head distinct from neck. Rostral a little broader than deep,
just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, as long as or a
little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little
longer than the parietals ; one or two pre- and two or three post-
oculars ; nine or ten upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth
(rarely fourth or fifth only) entering the eye. Scales smooth, or
dorsals feebly ‘keeled, in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 171-211; anal
entire ; subcaudals 27-42. Yellowish, reddish, or greyish brown
above, ‘with six or eight longitudinal series of more or less dark,
sometimes light-edged, alternating spots, the two middle series
largest; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the
eye; belly yellowish or brownish, with two longitudinal series of
large blackish spots which often alternate.
Total length 530 millim. ; tail 65.
Cuba, See Domingo, J amaica, Navassa.
Gas) (Ses 274 Vil Sas Cuba.
C. 37).
6. 2 (Sc. 25; V. 189; S. Domingo.
C. 38).
Bede. 91 (Se. 275 V. Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq. [P.].
HSiy; C. 28) & yg.
(Se. 27, 27; V. 174,
182 ; C. 31, 37).
12. UNGALIA. TS
i a ae 25; V.171; — Spanish Town, Jamaica.
GALh Oeeanc, ——P
V. 189, 192; ©. 36,
32) & yg. (Sc. 25,
25; V. 194, 195;
©. 34, 36).
5. Ungalia pardalis.
Boa pardalis, part., Gundlach, Arch. f, Nat. 1840, p. 359.
Tropidophis maculatus, part., Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 494 (1844).
Ungalia maculata, part., Gray, Cat. p. 104 (1849).
maculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 129.
Ungualia curta, Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxiv. 1887, p. 279.
Head distinct from neck. Rostral a little broader than deep,
just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, as long as its
distance from the end of the snout; parietals short; one pra- and
three postoculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the
eye. Scales perfectly smooth, in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 142-155 ;
anal entire ; subcaudals 24-30. Pale brown above, with six longi-
tudinal series of alternating dark brown spots, the two dorsal series
largest and close together; a dark patch on the crown, a cross bar
on the snout, and a dark streak on each side of the head, passing
through the eye; lower parts yellowish, spotted with dark brown.
Total length 250 millim. ; tail 30.
Cuba.
a. 9 (Sc. 23; V..155; C. 30). Cuba. P. B. Webb, Esq. [P.].
6. Ungalia semicincta.
Ungalia (Lionotus) maculata, var. semicincta, Gundl. § Peters, Mon.
Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 388.
— semicincta, Gundl. Repert. fis. Cuba, li, 1868, p. 115; Cope,
Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 130; Gundl. Erp. Cub. p. 70 (1880).
Like U. maculata, but scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 202-
205. A single series of large black spots on each side of the body ;
these spots often confluent and forming cross bands.
Cuba.
7. Ungalia conjuncta.
Tropidophis conjunctus, Fischer, Jakrb. Hamb, Wiss. Anst. y. 1888,
p. 3l, pl. iii. fig. 5.
Head distinct from neck. Rostral just visible from above; a
single pair of prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, longer than
its distance from the end of the snout; parietals short; one pree-
and three postoculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye. Scales in 25 rows, perfectly smooth, of vertebral row
enlarged and hexagonal. Ventrals 188; anal entire; subcaudals
40. Greyish brown above, with six longitudinal rows of black
VOL. I. I
. ‘ .
Tee 9 ny ; .
hes AE
Oo ee RC ere a irk
114 BOIDA.
spots, the two middle ones largest and close together ; beneath with
large black spots.
Total length 430 millim.; tail 44.
Santo Domingo.
8. Ungalia cana.
Ungalia cana, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 129.
Head rather wide behind. One pre-and three postoculars; ten
upper labials. Scales in 23 rows, keeled, except six outer rows,
vertebral row enlarged. Ventrals 168. Grey-brown above, with a
more or less distinct dorsal series of transverse darker spots; a
brown band from the eye to the neck ; below yellowish grey, densely
punctated at middle of ventrals.
Total length 340 millim. ; tail 35.
Tnagua Island, Bahamas.
13. UNGALIOPHIS.
Ungaliophis, #. Miiller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 142.
Peropodum, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 522 (1882).
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct
from neck, covered with shields, viz. a large azygous prefrontal, a
pair of supraoculars, a frontal, and a parietal ; loreal present ;
nostril between three shields. Eye moderate ; pupil vertical. Body
strongly compressed; scales moderate and smooth. Tail short,
prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Guatemala.
1. Ungaliophis continentalis.
Peropodum n. sp. et g., F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878,
p- 652, pl. i.
Unealiophis continentalis, F. Mill. op. cit. vii. 1882, p. 142.
Peropodum guatemalensis, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex. .» Rent. p. 523,
pl. xxxi. fig. 5 (1882).
Head slightly distinct from neck. Rostral visible from above;
prefrontal larger than the frontal, which is subcordiform and as
long as broad ; ; parietal short : loreal as long as deep; one pre- and
two postoculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the
eye. Scales in 25 rows. Ventrals 258; anal entire; subcaudals
47. Pale greyish brown above; a large black blotch, edged with
yellow, on the head, bifurcating posteriorly and extending as two
stripes on the neck ; two alternating series of large oval black, yellow-
edged spots on the back ; a lateral series of smaller spots; a black
streak from the nostril to the eye, and two others, diverging, behind
the eye; lower parts speckled with black and yellow.
Total length 760 millim. ; tail 80.
North-western Guatemala.
14. EUNDCTES, jabs:
14, EUNECTES.
Boa, part., Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 373 (1766); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p: 375 (18: 37).
Dente (non Laur.), part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 275 (1816).
Eunectes, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 167 (1830); Dum. § Bibr, Erp. Gén.
vi. p. 527 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 102 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén.
p- 83 (1864).
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually
decreasing in size. Head distinct from neck; snout covered with
shields ; nostril directed upwards, between three nasals, the upper
of which are in contact behind the rostral. Eye small, with vertical
pupil. Body cylindrical; scales very small, smooth. Tail short,
slightly prehensile; subcaudals single,
South America.
1. Eunectes murinus.
Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xxix. fig. 1 (1735).
Boa murina, Linn. S. N. i. p. 374 (1766); Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii.
p: 241 (1801); Daud. Ron. vy. p. 155 (1803); Schneid. Denkschr.
A. Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 108; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 580, pl. xiv.
figs. 1 & 2 (1837).
scytale, part., Linn. 1. c.
—— scytale, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 248.
gigas, Latr. Rept. iii. p. 136 (1802).
anacondo, Daud. t. c. p. 161, pl. Ixiii. fig. 2
— aquatica, Wied, Beitr. Nat. "Bras. i. p: 326 (1825), and Abbild.
1851).
Hoe murinus, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix., Syn. p. 96 (1831); Dum. §
/— -Bibr. vi. p. 528 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 102 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
p- 84, 1. 6, pl. iii. (1864).
Rostral as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above: a pair of
large prefrontals, followed by smaller shields; a large loreal, a
large preocular, and a large supraocular; three postoculars and two
suboculars, separated from the labials by a series of small shields ;
fifteen to seventeen upper labials. Scales smooth, in 57 to 63 rows.
Ventrals 242-266; anal entire; subcaudals 56-73. Greyish brown
or olive above, with a single series or with two alternating series
of large blackish transverse spots and one or two lateral series of
blackish ocelli with white centres; top of the head dark, separated
from the paler sides by a black streak forming a point on the snout ;
an oblique black streak on each side of the head, behind the eye;
lower parts whitish, spotted with black.
Total length 6600 millim.; is said to attain a length of
10 metres (33 feet).
Guianas, Brazil, N.E. Peru.
a,b. Hgr. ¢ (Se. 59; V. 247; Surinam. Lidth de Jeude
C. 66) & yg. (Se. 59;- V. Collection.
247; C. 63).
a oa "Se. 63; V. 245; C.67). —_ British Guiana.
d. er: ., stffd. Para,
116 BOIDS.
e,f. Yg. (Sc. 59, 61; V. 248, Brazil.
251; C. 64, 71).
g, h. Ad., stfid. S. America.
2. Her., skel. 8. America.
k. Hgr., skull. Cayenne.
15. BOA.
Boa, part., Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 373 (1766); Schley. Phys. Serp. ii.
p. 373 (1887).
Constrictor, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 106 (1768).
Boa, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 169 (1830); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi.
p- 500 (1844); Gray, Cat, Sn. p. 99 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 80
(1864); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 517 (1882).
Draco (non Laur.), part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 273 (1816).
Pelophilus (non Dej.), Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 523; Gray, l. ce. p. 101;
Jan, l, c. p. 84.
Acrantophis, Jan, J. c. p. 82; Bocourt, l. c. p. 521.
Anterior maxillary and: mandibular teeth longest, gradually
decreasing in size. Head distinct. from neck, covered with small
scales, with or without enlarged shields on the loreal and supra-
ocular regions; nostril between two or three nasals. Kye rather
small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical or feebly compressed ;
scales very small, smooth. Tail short, more or less prehensile ; sub-
caudals all or part single.
Tropical America; Madagascar.
" Synopsis of the Species.
J. Loreal region with small scales or a single small shield; sub-
caudals 45 to 69.
Scales in 81 to 95 rows on the thickest
part of the body; ventrals 234-243 ;
rostral a little broader than deep; sym-
. physial at least as long as broad ...... 1. constrictor, p. 117.
Scales in 65 to 87 rows; ventrals 242-251 ;
rostral as deep as broad ; symphysial .
broader than Jong \...)2)..)- ace eee 2. occidentalis, p. 118.
Scales in 65 to 75 rows; ventrals 258-275 ;
rostral a little broader than deep; sym-
physial at least as long as broad ...... 3. dwimiloqua, p. 118.
‘Scales in 61 to 79 rows; ventrals 225-252 ;
rostral as deep as broad; symphysial at
least as/long as broad ...))oiysitemms erste 4. unperator, p. 119.
Scales in 55 rows <4.) eee ere 5. mexicana, p. 119.
II. Loreal region with several shields; subcaudals 20 to 41.
Scales in 59 to 65 rows; subcaudals 20
FO DD) saps sian s wieca cies ts Oe ee 6. dumerilit, p. 120.
Scales in 69 to 77 rows; subcaudals 34
BOPAN cca is ce ss OM On ee 7. madagascariensis,
[p. 120.
15. Boa. LY
1. Boa constrictor.
Linn. Amen. Acad. i. p. 497, pl. xvii. fig. 3 (1749).
Boa constrictor, Zinn. 8. N. i. p. 373 (1766) ; Schneid. Denkschr. Ak.
Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 114, pl. vi. fig. 1; Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i.
p. 211 (1825); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 507 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 100
(1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 81, 1. 6, pl. i. (1864).
Constrictor formosissimus, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 107 (1768).
rex-serpentum, Laur, l. ¢.
auspex, Laur. 1. c. p. 108.
Boa constrictrix, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 247 (1801).
constrictor, part., Daud. Rept. vy. p. 174 (1803); Schleg. Phys.
Serp. ii. p. 378, pl. xiv. figs. 6 & 7 (1837).
Snout slightly prominent in the adult, obliquely truncate in the
young. Rostral a little broader than deep; symphysial at least
as long as broad; head-scales small, slightly larger on the snout; no
shields; one of the preoculars slightly enlarged; 18 to 24 scales
across the forehead, from eye to eye; 16 to 20 scales round the eye,
which is separated from the labials by two or three series of scales ;
21 to 25 upper labials. Scales in 81 to 95 rows. Ventrals 234—
243; anal entire; subcaudals 49-60. Pale brown above, with 15
to 20 dark brown cross bars widening on each side and, if connected
by a dark dorso-lateral streak, enclosing large elongate oval or
elliptical spots of the pale ground-colour; a light longitudinal line
in the outer widened portion of the dark cross bars; on each side a
series of large dark brown spots with light centres, most of which
alternate with the dorsal bars; on the tail the markings become
much larger, brick-red, edged with black, and separated by narrow
yellowish interspaces ; head with a dark brown median line extend-
ing from between the nostrils to the nape, widening behind, some-
times loop-shaped; a crescentic blackish marking on the rostral; a
dark brown streak on each side of the head, passing through the
eye, and sending down a process between the end of the snout and
the eye; a dark brown bar below the eye and two on each side of
the lower lip; belly yellowish, dotted, or dotted and spotted with
black.
Total length 3355 millim.; tail 330. Reaches to 12 feet
( Wied).
South America, from Venezuela to Buenos Ayres.
a, b. Yg. (Se. 89, 87; V. 238, Tobago. W. A. Ludlam, Esq.
237; C. 49, 55). Pa.
ce. Yg. (Se. 95; V. 240; C. 50). Trinidad.
d. Yg. (Se.93; V. 239; C. 54). Cayenne.
e. do (Sc. 89; V. 238; C.56).. Para. J. P. Smith, Esq. P.].
f. Yg. (Se. 87; V. 248; C.51). Pernambuco. Wey Forbes, Esq.
g-h. Yg. (Sc. 85, 85; V.241, | Moyobamba, Mr. A. H. Roff [C.}.
238; C. 56, 50). N.E. Peru.
i,k, 2 & her., stffd. S. America.
/n, Ad., skel. Trinidad. Lord Harris [P.].
- ot. Hegr., skel. P ;
o. Hgr., skull, Cayenne.
118 BOIDA.
2. Boa occidentalis.
Boa occidentalis, Philippi, Zeitschr, f. ges. Naturw. xli. 1878, p. 127,
pl. iii.
Snout slightly prominent. Rostral as broad as deep, not visible
from above ; symphysial broader than long; head-scales small, largest
on the snout; no shields; one of the preoculars slightly enlarged ;
15 to 18 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye; 16 to 20 scales
round the eye, which is separated from the labials by two or three
series of scales; 21 or 22 upper labials. Scales in 64 to 87 rows.
Ventrals 242-251; anal entire; subcaudals 45. Dark brown above,
with yellowish markings, mostly in the form of rings and small
spots; head brown, with the markings as in B. constrictor, but less
distinct and bordered with yellowish ; lower parts yellowish, dotted
and marbled with brown.
Total length 2200 millim.
Argentine Republic (provinces Mendoza, San Juan, and Cordoba).
a. 6 (Se. 87; V. 242; C. P). Salt Desert, Prov. Kk. C. Knight, Esq.
Cordoba. ec
3. Boa diviniloqua.
Seba, ii. pl. C. fig. 1 (1734).
? Boa ophrias, Lenn. S. N. 1. p. 374 (1766).
Constrictor diviniloquus, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 108 (1768).
Boa constrictor, part., Daud. Rept. v. p. 174 (1803); Schleg. Phys.
Serp. 1. p. 373 (1837).
—— diviniloqua, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 515 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 100
(1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 81, 1. 5, pl. 11. (1864).
- Snout rather prominent, obliquely truncate. Rostral a little
broader than deep; symphysial at least as long as broad; head-scales
small, a little enlarged on the snout; no shields; one of the pre-
oculars slightly enlarged ; 18 to 20 scales across the forehead, from
eye to eye; 14 to 19 scales round the eye, which is separated from
the labials by one or two rows of scales. Scales in 65 to 75 rows
of scales. Ventrals 258-275; anal entire; subcaudals 55-69.
Brown or olive above, with 25 to 30 darker spots or cross bands on
the body, and a lateral series of spots and vertical bars with light
centres; head-markings as in B. constrictor, but sometimes rather
indistinct; the longitudinal line on the head broader, often inter-
rupted or scalloped ; tail black and yellow; lower parts yellowish,
spotted and dotted with black or olive, sometimes entirely blackish.
Total length 2100 millim.; tail 170.
Dominica, St. Lucia, Trinidad. ae
a-b. 2 (Se. 69; V. 265; C. 52) Dominica. G. A. Ramage, Esq.
& yg. (Sc. 67; V. 258; C. 60). [C.]. t
ce. Ad., stfid. St. Lucia. Zoological Society.
d,e. & (Se. 73; V. 275; C. 66) Trinidad.
a9 (Se. 67 5 V..272; *C. 5d):
Foge @ (se. 71; V. 2745°Cri66)
& 9 (Se. 71; V. 282; C. 65).
P Zoological Society.
15. BOA. 119
4, Boa imperator.
Boa imperator, Daud. Rept. v. p. 150 (1803) ; Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 519
(1844); Gray, Cat. p. 101 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 81, 1. 6, pl. i.
(1864) ; F. Miller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 650; Bocourt,
Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p.519, pl. xxx. fig. 8 (1882); Garm. N. Am.
Rept. p. 8 (1883); Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 65.
—— eques, Hyd. § Soul. Voy. Bonite, Zool. i. p. 144, Rept. pl. iv.
(1841); Dum, § Bibr. t.c. p. 521; Gray, l.c.; Cope, Proc. Ae.
Philad, 1861, p. 803; Jan, 1. c. p. 82, 1. 6, pl. ii.
—— ortonii, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1878, p. 35.
—— constrictor, var. isthmica, Garm. 1. c. p. 9.
Snout scarcely prominent. Rostral as broad as deep, not visible
from above ; symphysial at least as long as broad; head-scales small,
sometimes slightly enlarged on the snout; an enlarged loreal some-
times present, in front of the prxoculars, one of which is more or less
enlarged ; 15 to 18 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye; 14
to 20 scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by
one or two series of scales; 18 to 21 upper labials. Scales in 61
to 79 rows. Ventrals 225-252; anal entire; subcaudals 47-65.
Coloration as in B. constrictor, but no red on the tail, and dorsal
cross bars more numerous, viz. 22 to 30 on the body; the dark
line on the middle of the head usually with a process on each side
between the eye, thus forming a cross.
Total length 2800 millim.; tail 280.
Mexico to Western South America (Colombia to Peru).
a. Yg. (Se. 79; V. 238; Ventanas, Mexico. Hr. A. Forrer [C.].
C. 59).
6. Yg. (Sc. 69; V. 235; Atoyac, Mexico. Mr. H. H.Smith[C.].
C, 49). F. D. Godman,
Esq. [P.].
e-d. 9 (Sc. 67; V. 239; 5S. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq.
C. 54) & her. (Se. 79; fre
V. 248; C. 53).
e. 2 (Sc. 69; V. 233; Mexico. M. Sallé [C.].
C. 49).
f. Yg. (Se. 69; V.242; Mexico. E. Cooke, Esq. [P.].
C..50).
9: Ve. (Se: Hise Verne 5 Mexico.
61
).
h. 2 (Sc. 65; V. 236; Vera Paz, low O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
C. 57). forest.
i. 2 \(Be. 69; V.. 242; Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq, [C.].
C. 54).
k. 9, skin (Se. 69; V. Costa Rica. F. D. Godman, Esq.
243; C. 55). PPalt
l. Her. g (Se. 79; V. | Esmeralda, Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.].
246; C. 65),
m. Yep. (Se. 77 ;V. 231 ; N.W. coast of S. Lieut. Wood [P.].
C. 58). America.
n, o. Her, stfid. Tropical America.
5. Boa mexicana.
Boa mexicana, Jan, Icon. Gén. -p. 82 (1864); Bocourt, Miss. Se.
Mex., Rept. p. 520, pl. xxx. fig. 9 (1882).
—— diviniloquax, var. mexicana, Jan, op. cit. 1. 5, pl. iv.
120 BOIDA.
Closely allied to B. imperator, but with only 55 scales across the
body. Markings as in that species, but no dark line along the
middle of the head.
Mexico.
6. Boa dumerilii.
Acrantophis dumerilii, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 83, 1. 1, pl. ii. (1860) ;
Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 522 (1882).
Snout slightly prominent. Rostral a little broader than deep, not
visible from above; symphysial longer than broad ; upper surface
of head covered with small scales which are not larger than on the
body ; 11 to 16 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye, and as
many round the eye; preocular large; several slightly enlarged
loreals; 17 to 19 upper labials. Scales in 59 to 65 rows. Ven-
trals 225-236 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 20-33. Pale grey-brown
above, with two longitudinal series of elongate black spots emitting
a transverse process above, a hoop-shaped figure below; these
markings may be disposed regularly in pairs and unite by their
transverse processes, or alternately ; two or three black streaks on
each side behind the eye, the lower continued in front of the eye to
the nostril; a black cross line or ring on the forehead between the
eyes; lower parts whitish, uniform or spotted with brown.
Total length 1950 millim. ; tail 110.
Madagascar.
a: Her. (Sc. 65; V. 225; C. 30). Madagascar.
6. 3, skin (Sc. 61; V. 286; C. 33). Madagascar,
c, Several embryos. Madagascar.
7. Boa madagascariensis.
Pelophilus madagascariensis, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 524 (1844); Gray,
Cat. p. 102 (1849) ;\ Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 88, 1. 2, pl. iv. (1861) ;
Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 20.
Snout scarcely prominent. Rostral broader than deep, not visible
from above ; symphysial longer than broad ; upper surface of snout
with small polygonal shields; a large supraocular and a series of
supraciliaries ; six to nine shields surround the eye; a large pre-
ocular and two loreals, separated from the labials by a series of
small shields; 16 or 17 upper labials. Scales in 69 to 77 rows.
Ventrals 221-235; anal entire; subcaudals 34-41. Pale brown
above, with elongate dark brown black-edged spots; a vertebral
series of spots connected by a longitudinal streak ; a lateral series
of large spots which may, at intervals, run into a band; below the
latter a series of dark rings or ocelli with light centres; a dark
streak on each side of the head, running through the eye; lips with
large black spots; lower parts yellowish white, with small blackish
spots.
Total length 1650 millim.; tail 120.
Madagascar.
a. 2 (Se. 78; V. 232; C. 84). Madagascar. Zoological Society.
b, Head of adult. Madagascar. Sir E. Belcher [P.].
16, cAsaReA.—17,. BOLIERIA, ip} :
16. CASAREA.
Boa, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 373 (1837).
Casarea, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 106
(1849).
Leptoboa, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 485 (1844); Jan, Icon.
Gén. p. 79 (1865).
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth much longer than the
posterior. Head very small, distinct from neck; snout covered
with shields; nostril pierced in a single nasal. Eye small, with
vertical pupil. Body cylindrical, slender; scales very small, keeled.
Tail long, prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Round Island, near Mauritius.
1, Casarea dussumieri.
Boa dussumieri, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 396 (1837), and Abbild.
pl. xvii. figs. 1-5 (1859).
Casarea dussumieri, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 45 (1842), and Cat. p. 106
(1849).
Leptoboa dussumieri, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 186 (1844); Jan, Icon.
Gén. p. 79, 1. 2, pl. i. (1861).
Snout prominent, obliquely truncate. Rostral broader than deep,
not or but scarcely visible from above; a pair of internasals, one or
two pairs of preefrontals, and a large supraocular; these shields rough
with small tubercles; one or two pre- and four to six postoculars ;
three to five rows of small keeled scales between the supraoculars ;
eleven or twelve upper labials, second and third in contact with
the prefrontals, fifth and sixth entering the eye. Scales strongly
keeled, in 47 to 53 rows. Ventrals 227-235; anal entire; sub-
eaudals 120-133. Pale brown above, uniform or with two dark
stripes and a lateral series of small dark spots; a dark streak on
each side of the head, passing through the eye; belly yellowish,
uniform or with small black spots; lower surface of tail with large
black spots.
Total length 660 millim.; tail 180. Reaches a length of 1260
millim.
Round Island, near Mauritius.
a-b, Hgr. (Se. 47; V.230; C.125) Round Island, Sir H. Barkly [P.}.
& yg. (Se. 47; V. 227; C. 120).
17. BOLIERIA.
Tortrix, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1887).
Bolyeria, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 46 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 106
(1849).
Platygaster (non Latr.), Dum. § Bibr. Erp, Gén. vi. p. 496 (1844) ;
Jan, Icon. Gén, Ophid. p. 78 (1865).
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth a little longer than the
122 BOID A.
posterior. Head very small, not distinct from neck; snout covered
with shields; nostril pierced in a single nasal. Eye very small,
with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical. Scales small, hexagonal,
juxtaposed or very feebly imbricate, tri- or quinquecarinate. Tail
moderate, feebly prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Round Island, near Mauritius.
1. Bolieria multicarinata.
Eryx multocarinata, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 513; Schleg. Biydr. tot de
Dierk. i. p. 2 (1848).
Tortrix pseudo-eryx, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 19 (1837), and Abbild.
pl. xxxiv. (1889).
Bolyeria pseudo-eryx, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 46 (1842).
Platygaster multicarinatus, Dum. § Brbr. vi. p. 497 (1844) ; Jan,
Icon. Gén. p. 79, 1. 8, pl. ili. (1864).
Bolyeria multicarinata, Gray, Cat. p. 106 (1849); Avrefft, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1862, p. 225.
Snout very prominent, rounded. Rostral broader than deep, just
visible from above ; a pair of internasals, a pair of large preefrontals,
a large supraocular, two preoculars, four or five postoculars ; nine
upper labials, first and second, or second only, in contact with the
prefrontal, fourth entering the eye. Scales in 53 to 57 rows.
Ventrals 192-200 ; anal entire: subcaudals 83-92. Pale brown or
greyish olive above, with small darker spots, which may form an
irregular network ; a dark streak on each side of the head behind
the eye; a series of blackish vertical bars on each side of the tail;
yellowish beneath, spotted or marbled with blackish.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 200.
Round Island, near Mauritius.
a-b. 9 (Se. 53, 57; V. 199,200; Round Island. Sir H. Barkly [P.].
C. 92, 83).
18. ERYX.
Eryx, part., Daud. Rept. vii. p. 251 (1803).
Clothonia, Daud. t. ¢. p. 283; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 110 (1849).
Eryx, Wagl- Syst. Amph. p. 192 (1880); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén.
vi. p. 454 (1844); Gray, 1. c. p. 109; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 334 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 70 (1865); Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 247 (1890).
Gongylophis, Wagl. l.c.; Gray, le. p. 108; Giinth. lc. p. 332;
Bouleng. l. c. p. 246.
Tortrix, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1837).
Cusoria, Gray, l.c. p. 107.
Cursoria, Giinth, l. ¢. p. 333.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longer than the pos-
terior. Head not distinct from neck, covered with small scales ;
rostral large. Eye small or very small, with vertical pupil. Body
cylindrical. Scales small, smooth or keeled. Tail very short, not
or but very slightly prehensile ; subcaudals single.
North and East Atrica ; Southern and Central Asia,
123
Skull of Arye conicus.
Synopsis of the Species.
I, Eyes latero-superior, separated from each other by five or more
longitudinal series of scales.
A. Rostral without angular edge; 8 to 10 keeled scales from eye
to eye across the forehead ; tail pointed; scales in 40 to
UO MCLOTS o n o ae Ger 1. conicus, p. 124.
B. Rostral with a sharp horizontal edge ; head-scales smooth.
1. Tail pointed, ending in a conical scute; 12 to 15 scales from
eye to eye across the forehead ; scales in 47 to 53 rows.
2. thebaicus, p. 125.
2. Tail obtuse; 5 to 9 scales from eye to eye across the fore-
head.
40 to 50 scales across the body ; ventrals 165—
Ea Reet At o's - + «one ee See 3. jaculus, p. 125.
54 to 65 scales across the middle of the body ;
wentraleelos—A10 6... vind gee ees 4. johnii, p. 127.
36 scales across the body; ventrals 184 .... 5. elegans, p. 128.
124 BOIDAS.
3. Tail pointed, ending in a curved, claw-like horny scute ; five
smooth scales across the forehead: scales in 41 to 45
TOWS +s =< 0 Wein </ ene See 6. muelleri, p. 128.
II. Eyes entirely on the upper surface of the head, separated
from each other by four longitudinal series of scales; tail
pointed, ending in a curved, claw-like horny scute.
7. jayakari, p. 129.
1. Eryx conicus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. iv. (1796).
Boa conica, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 268 (1801), and Denkschr.
Akad. Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 119, pl. vi. fig. 2.
viperina, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 355, pl. C (1802).
ornata, Daud. Rept. v. p. 210 (1802).
Eryx bengalensis, Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xx. fig. 1 (1830).
Tortrix eryx, var. bengalensis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 17 (1837).
Gongylophis conicus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 45 (1842), and Cat. p. 108
(1849); Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 163, and Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 833 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 207 (1876) ; Murray,
Zool. Sind, p. 336 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 247, fig.
(1890).
Eryx conicus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 470 (1844); Schleg. Bydr. tot de
Dierk. i, p. 2 (1848) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 73, 1. 4, pl. itl. (1864),
Rostral about twice as broad as deep, feebly prominent, not
keeled ; only the nasals and internasals enlarged, the rest of the
head covered with small, obtusely keeled scales ; 8 to 10 scales from
eye to eye across the forehead; 10 to 15 scales round the eye,
which is separated from the labials by one or two rows of scales ;
12 to 14 upper labials. No mental groove. Scales tubercularly
keeled, the keels very strong on the tail, in 40 to 49 rows. Ven-
trals 162-186; anal entire; subcaudals 17-24. Tail pointed.
Yellowish or brownish grey above, with a zigzag band or series of
dark brown black-edged spots along the back ; lower parts uniform
white.
Total length 600 millim.; tail 55,
India.
mg. (V2176;'C. 18). - (Sind: Dr. Leith [P.].
b-c. 9(V.173;C.21)& Gwalior. C. Maries, Esq. [E.].
yg. (V. 166; C.19).
d. Yg. (V. 162; 0.19). | Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.].
e. Her. (V.170; C.18). Madras. Dr. P. Russell.
ae (V. 169; ©.18). Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.].
g- 2 (V. 175; C.17). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [ P.].
h-i. Ye. (V. 173, 166; Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. pt
Crsl7,.17). :
k. 2 (V. 186; C. 24). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]}.
ho (V. 183; °C:'20). Sikkim, 4900 ft.[??]. Messrs. v. Schlagint-
weit [C.].
m. 9 (V. 167; C. 22). India.
n. Ad., stffd. India.
o, Skull. India. J. Nimmo, Esq. [ P.].
—
18. ERYX. 125
2. Eryx thebaicus.
Geoffroy, Descr. Egypte, Rept. p. 142, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1809).
Eryx thebaicus, Reuss, Mus, Senckenb. i. 1834, p. 184; Dum. §& Bibr.
vi. p. 468 (1844); Schley. Bijdr. tot de Dierk. i. p. 2 (1848);
Gray, Cat. p. 109 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 73, 1. 4, pl. i. fig. 2
1864),
ue ee Gray, Zool, Mise, p. 45 (1842).
? Eryx jaculus, var. sennaariensis, Jan, /. c. pl. ii. fig. 2.
poe thebaicus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ix. 1892,
p. 76.
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; only the
nasals and internasals enlarged, the head covered with very small
smooth scales; 11 to 13 scales from eye to eye across the forehead ;
12 to 15 scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials
by two or three rows of scales; 12 to 14 upper labials. Mental
groove usually absent (present in spec. f). Scales smooth or more
or less distinctly keeled anteriorly, the keels strong on the posterior
part of the body and on the tail, in 47 to 53 rows. Ventrals 171-
197; anal entire; sabcaudals 19-28. Tail pointed. Yellowish or
greyish above, with large, irregular, dark brown or blackish spots
separated by narrow interspaces ; lower parts uniform white.
Total length 620 millim. ; tail 50.
Upper Egypt and East Africa.
a. 9 (V. 187; C. 25). Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson [P.]. (Type
of E. scutata.)
b-e. 9 (V. 185; C. 22) Luxor. Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
& yg. (V. 179, 182,
175; C. 25, 23, 23).
Ff. 2 (V. 188; C.21). Tel-el-Amarnah, Dr. J. Anderson & Prof. W.
Upper Egypt. M. Flinders Petrie [P.].
g-t. 2 (V. 192; C. 25) Suakin. Dr. Bimbashi Penton &
& ye. (V. 188, 187; Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
C."23, 28).
k. Her. (V. 182; C. 23). Taita, E. Africa. Mr. Wray [C.].
3. Eryx jaculus.
Geoffroy, Descr. Egypte, Rept. p. 142, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1809).
Anguis jaculus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. 11. p. 48 (1764), and S. N. i.
p. 391 (1766).
colubrina, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 590.
— cerastes, Linn. 1. ¢. p. 591.
miliaris, Pallas, Retse, ii. p. 718 (1773), and Zoogr. Ross,.-As.
iii. p. 54 (1811).
Boa turcica, Olivier, Voy. Emp. Othom., Atlas, i. p. vi, pl. xvi. fig. 2
(1801).
Eryx cerastes, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 254 (1803).
jaculus, Daud. t. c. p. 257; Bibr. § Bory de St. Vine. Expéd.
Se. Morée, Zool., Rept. p. 73 (1833); Reuss, Mus. Senckenbd. i. 1834,
p- 133; Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 463 (1844); Schleg. Bijdr. tot de Dierk.
1, p. 2 (1848) ;_ Gray, Cat. p. 109 (1849); Strauch, Erp, Alg. p. 51
(1862); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 72,1. 4, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1864); Strauch,
Schl. Russ. R. p. 29 (1873) ; Schreth. Herp. Eur. p. 312 (1875) ;
Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 401 (1876); Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges.
126 ROIDM.
1879-80, p. 166; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1881, p. 131;
Boettg. in 'Radde, Faun. Casp.-Geb. p. 73 (1886) ; Bouleng. Bull.
Soc. Zool. Fr. 1887, p. 532; Boetty. Zool. Jahrb, iii. 1888, p. 938 ;
Bouleng. Tv. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 148, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, ;
. 631,
irr colubrinus, Daud. t. c. p. 261.
turcicus, Daud. t. ¢. p. 267, pl. Ixxxv. fig. 2; Hichw. Zool.
Spec. il. p. 176 (1831), and Faun. Casp.- -Caue. p. 99; pl xvi,
fies. 1-3 (1841).
Anguis helluo, Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 54.
Tortrix miliaris, Merr. Tent. p. 82 (1820).
jaculus, Merr. l. ec. p. 83.
colubrina, Mer. 1. ¢.
Boa tatarica, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. p. 104 (1823), and Eversm.
Reise Orenb. n. Buch. p. 146 (1825).
Kryx familiaris, Eichw. Zool. Spec. p. 176.
miliaris, Evchw. 1. ¢.
Tortrix eryx, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 14, me i. figs. 11-15 (1837).
Eryx jaculus, var. teherana, Jan, 1. c.p.72; De Filippi, Viagg. Pers.
p. 355 (1865).
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; one or
two pairs of small shields behind the rostral, five to nine scales from
eye to eye across the forehead ; seven to fourteen scales round the
eye, which is separated from the labials by one or two rows of
scales; ten to fourteen upper labials. A mental groove. Scales
smooth, feebly keeled on the posterior part of the body and on the
tail, in 40 to 50 rows. Ventrals narrow, 165-200; anal small;
subeaudals 15-34. Tail obtusely conical. Pale greyish, reddish,
or yellowish brown above, with dark brown or blackish transverse
blotches or alternating spots; or brown, with paler spots; a dark
streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; belly white, uniform
or with blackish dots; a more or less distinct dark streak along each
side of the tail.
Total length 510 millim.; tail 45.
Ionian Islands, Greece, Turkey (?), S8.W. and Central Asia,
North Africa.
A. 5 to 7 scales between the eyes, 2 or 3 between the nasals and
the eye, 8 to 11 round the eye; 9 to 11 upper labials.
G6 (V. 165; C229). “Corfu: Dr. Bengo [P.}.
6. Her. (V. 183 ; C.20). Greece. Capt. Ince [Pals
c-f, g-t. 3 (V. 168; C. Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P.}.
26; her. (V.177, 172,
170, 172: C. 21, 32,
24,'22);’ & yg. (V.
174, 172; C. 38, 22),
eae Lis: (C, 24). Xanthus. Haslar Hospital.
l. 9 (V. 174; C.19). Palestine. Canon Tristram [P.}.
m. 9 (V. 189; C.19). Egypt. Sir J. WilkinoatP
mee. CV. 188 ; C. 21). Mehalla-el-Kobra,Delta. Dr. J. Anderson &
G. H. Kent, Esq.
Ale
o-p. d (V. 1938; ac ?)& Near Cairo. Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
Q (V. 198; C. 18).
18. pRYx. 127
q. Hgr. (V. 187; C.34). Between Shiraz and W.T. Blanford, Esq.
Karman, Persia. [E.}.
v. 2 (V. 165; C.27). Ai Dara, W. slope of M. C. Eylandt [C.].
Copet Dagh, Trans-
caspia.
B. 7 to 9 scales between the eyes, 4 or 5 between the nasals and
the eye, 10 to 14 round the eye; 10 to 14 upper labials.
s. Her. (V.185; C.23). Ashkabad. Dr. Radde [C.].
t. Her. (V.179; C. 24). Ashkabad. M. C. Eylandt [C.}.
u. 9 (V.180; C. 27). Ashkabad. Warsaw Mus. | E. |}.
v. Yg.(V. 188; C.21). Puli MHatun, Trans- M.C. Hylandt{C: "
caspia.
w-y. 6 (V.188; C.21), ITlisk, E. Turkestan. Rev. H. Lansdell
2 (V. 185; C. 20), & [C.].
yg. (V. 172; C. 20).
a. 2 0V. Los Ce 22). Krasnowodsk. St. Petersburg Mus.
E.].
a. 9 (V. 184; C.19). Turkestan. M. ee [C.}.
B. 2 (¥. 189; C. 25). Robat-i-turk. Dr. J. Aitchison [C. ].
Afghan Boundary Commission.
y-8. 2(V. 200; C. 52), Bala-Morghab. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.}.
& yg. (V. 182; C. 38). Afghan Boundary Commission.
4, Eryx johnii.
Boa johnii, Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xvi. & pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1801).
anguiformis, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 269 (1801), and
Denkschr. Akad. Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 119, pl. viii.
Clothonia anguiformis, Daud. Rept. vil. p. 285 (1803).
Eryx anguiformis, Merr. Tent. p. 85 (1820).
Tortrix eryx, var. indicus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 17 (1887).
Clothonia johnii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 45 (1842), and Cat. p. 110
(1849).
Eryx johnii, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 458 (1844); Schleg. Bijdr. tot de
Dierk. i. p. 2 (1848) ; Ginth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 334 (1864); Jan,
Icon. Gén. p. 71, 1. 4, pl. i. fig. 1 (1864) ; Stoliczka, Proc, As. Soe.
Beng. 1872, p. 84; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 207 (1876);
Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 385 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p. 248 (1890).
— maculatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1849, p. 184,
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge ; two pairs
of small shields behind the rostral ; six to nine scales from eye to
eye across the forehead ; ten or eleven scales round the eye, which
is separated from the labials by one or two rows of scales ; ten to
twelve upper labials. A mental groove. Scales slightly keeled, in
54 to 65 rows. Ventrals narrow, 192-210; anal small; sub-
caudals 25 to 36. Tail very obtuse, rounded at the end. Sandy
grey, reddish, or pale brown above, uniform or with more or less
distinct brown or blackish transverse bands; these bands usually
distinct on the tail; belly brown or spotted with blackish ; young
often pale coral-red.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 80.
Plains of North-western, Central, and Southern India.
128 BOIDA.
a. 2 (V. 194; C. 28). Kurrachee. Kurrachee Mus. [E. ].
b. ae (V. 210; C. 32). Belgaum. Dr. Leith [P.].
e. 6 (V..197; C. 29). Malabar.
ae Jd (V. 207 ; Yo. 33),& Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
gr. (V. 196; C. 36). [P.].
+ a (V. 195; C. 26). Sikkim,9800 feet [??]. Messrs. ‘6 os
weit
g. ey aie C. 27). India. Gen. Hardwicke [P. }.
h. India.
2;
5. Eryx elegans. (Prare V. fig. 1.)
Cusoria elegans, Gray, Cat. p. 107 (1849).
Cursoria elegans, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 333 (1864).
Eryx elegans, Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 402 (1876).
Agrees in every respect with HZ. jaculus, except that the scales are
larger, in 36 rows in the middle of the body. Seven scales across
the forehead, from eye to eye, three between the nasals and the eye,
nine round the eye; ten upper labials. Ventrals 184; subcaudals
24. Pale olive above, with a dorsal series of large and a lateral
series of smaller brown, black-edged spots; lower parts whitish,
spotted with black.
Total length 400 millim. ; tail 40.
Afghanistan.
a.Q (V. 184; C. 24). Afghanistan. East India Company [ P.].
(Type.)
6. Eryx muelleri. (Puarte V. fig. 2.)
ee La var., F. Miiller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878,
. 650.
Gongylophis muelleri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ix. 1892,
p- 74.
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; upper
surface of snout and crown with small smooth shields, the largest
of which is an azygous shield behind and wedged in between the
internasals, which form a short suture behind the rostral; five
shields from eye to eye across the forehead; nine or ten scales
round the eye, which is separated from the labials by a single series
of scales; nine upper labials. No mental groove. Scales per-
fectly smooth, in 41 to 45 rows. Ventrals 181-187; anal small,
entire ; subcaudals 16-19. ‘Tail pointed, ending in a curved, claw-
like, horny scute. Cream-colour, above with a dorsal series of large
dark brown blotches, some of which alternate and are confluent
into a zigzag band; a lateral series of smaller dark brown spots,
alternating with the dorsals.
Total length 370 millim.; tail 30.
Nubia.
a. 6 (V.181; C. 19). Sennar. Sr. Marno ae Basle Museum [E. ].
Type.)
19. LICHANURA. 129
7. Eryx jayakari. (Prarn V. fig. 3.)
Eryx jayakari, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 508,
Eyes extremely small and entirely on the upper surface of the
head. Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; the
rostral, the internasals, and a small shield meet with their angles,
the sutures forming an X; four scales from eye to eye across the
forehead ; nine or ten scales round the eye, which is separated from
the labials by one large scale; eleven upper labials. A mental
groove. Scales smooth, in 39 rows. Ventrals narrow, 175; anal
small; subecaudals 20. Tail pointed, ending in a curved, claw-like,
horny scute similar to the anal spurs. (ireyish brown above, with
whitish spots and numerous, rather irregular, dark brown cross
bands ; head dotted with dark brown; lower parts white.
Total length 400 millim.; tail 25,
Arabia.
a. 9 (V.175; C.20). Muscat. A.S, G. Jayakar, Esq. [P.]. (Type.)
19. LICHANURA.
Lichanura, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 304; Jan, Icon. Gén.
Ophid. p. 69 (1865) ; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mev., Rept. p.513 (1882) ;
‘ope, Am. Nat. 1886, p. 298, and Proc. US. Nat. Mus, xiv. 1892,
p. 590.
Head not distinct from neck, covered with scales ; rostral mode-
rate; nostril between two nasals. Eye small, with vertical pupil.
Body cylindrical; scales small, smooth. ‘Tail short, thick, obtuse
at the end, but slightly prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Western North America.
1. Lichanura trivirgata.
Lichanura trivirgata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 304; Jan,
Icon. Gén. p. 70 (1865); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 514
(1882) ; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. 1889, pp. 97, 98,
figr.
~ roseofusca, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 2; Stejneger, l. e.
p- 98; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 591.
myriolepis, Cope, /. c.; Stejneger, l. c.
Charina trivirgata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 8 (1883).
Lichanura orcutti, Sfejneger, 1. c. p. 96, fig.
simplex, Stejneger, l. c. p. 97, fig.
Snout prominent. Rostral deeper than broad; anterior nasal
large, in contact with its fellow behind the rostral ; a ring of seven
to ten scales round the eye; 13 to 15 upper labials. Scales in 33
to 45 rows. Ventrals 218-232; anal entire; subcaudals 39—49.
Yellowish, brown, or grey above, with or without three dark brown
longitudinal bands; belly yellowish or pinkish, dotted or mottled
irregularly with brown.
Total length 870 millim.; tail 110.
California and Lower California.
VoL. I.
130 BOID®.
20. CHARINA.
Charina, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 115 (1849); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861,
p. 805; Bucourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 511 (1882); Cope, Am.
Nat. 1886, p. 293; Stejneger, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xii. 1890,
p. 177; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 592.
Wenona, Baird § Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 176, and Cat. N.
Am. Rept. p. 189 (1853); Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 68 (1865) ;
Bocourt, l. e. p. 512.
Pseudoeryx, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 242, and Icon. Gén. p. 66.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually de-
creasing in size. Head not distinct from neck, covered with shields ;
rostral large; nostril between two nasals. Eye very small, with
vertical pupil. Body cylindrical; scales small, smooth. ‘ail short,
thick, not prehensile, rounded at the end; subcaudals single.
Western North America.
1. Charina bottz.
Tortrix botte, Blainv. Nouv. Ann. Mus, iv. 1835, p. 289, pl. xxvi.
fig. 1.
Charina botte, Gray, Cat. p. 115 (1849); Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mev.,
Rept. p. 511 (1882); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 7 (1883); Stejneger,
Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiii. 1890, p. 181; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 592.
Wenona plumbea, Baird § Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 176, and
Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 189 (1858); Girard, US. Explor. Exped.,
Herp. p. 112, pl. vii. figs. 1-7 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 69, 1. 3,
pl. il. fig. 2 (1864) ; Bocourt, l. ec. p. 512, pl. xxx. fig. 7.
isabella, Bacrd § Gir. ll.ce. pp. 176, 140; Girard, 1. ¢. p. 118,
pl. vii. figs. 8-14.
Pseudoeryx botte, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 246, and Icon. Gén.
p- 67, 1. 3, pl. il. fig. 1.
Charina plumbea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 305, and 1883,
p- 21; Stejneger, 1. c.
Snout rounded and prominent. Rostral large, as deep as broad
or a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above at least
two thirds its distance from the frontal; two or three pairs of
shields between the rostral and the frontal; a small azygous pre-
frontal sometimes present ; nostril between two nasals, the anterior
of which is usually fused with the internasal; frontal as broad as
deep or broader than deep, followed by a short, single or divided
parietal ; loreal present or fused with the prefrontals; one or two
preoculars, the upper in contact with the frontal and not much
smaller than the supraocular; two or three postoculars; eye in
contact with one, two, or three labials, or separated from the labials
by a series of suboculars: eight to eleven upper labials. Scales in
39 to 49 rows. Ventrals 192-211; anal entire ; subcaudals 20-37.
Yellowish, brown, or dark grey above, without any spots or mark-
ings; yellow beneath.
Total length 550 millim.; tail 50.
- ILYSIID™®. nits 31 |
‘United States west of the Rocky Mountains ; Lower California ;
North-western Mexico.
A. Anterior nasal, internasal, and anterior prefrontal distinct; no
azygous prefrontal; loreal distinct; one or two labials in
contact with the eye.
a. 9 (Se. 43; V. 202; California. Smithsonian Institu-
OF); tion [P.]
B, Anterior nasal fused with internasal; no azygous prefrontal ;
loreal distinct ; eye separated from labials by suboculars.
b. 2 ee 45; V.197; California. Zoological Society.
C. 3
en 2 Be 45; V.198; Yaquina Valley, Coast H.N. Moseley, Esq.
C. 20). Ranges, West Oregon. a
C. Anterior nasal, internasal, and anterior prefrontal fused; a
small shield between the four preefrontals ; loreal distinct ; two
labials entering the eye.
d. Hgr. 6 (Se. 45; Pacific Coast of the United
Va207 “Cl S7y: States.
2. Charina brachyops.
Charina brachyops, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 88,
pl. xxxvi. fig. 2; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. 1890, p- 181.
This species is based on a single specimen which, perhaps, repre-
sents merely an individual variation of C. botte, differing in having
the posterior prefrontal entering the eye and the posterior nasal in
contact with the preocular.
Point Reyes, California.
Fam. 4. ILYSIIDA.
Anguiformes, part., Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 49, 1811.
Llysividea, Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rept. p. 26, 1826.
Imbricate, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
Angiostomata Tortricina, J. Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. p. 270,
1832.
Boidee, part., Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 41, 1842.
Azémiophides Tortriciens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 567,
1844.
Boide, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 82, 1849.
Aglyphodontes Holodontiens, part., Aprotérodontiens, part., Duméri,
Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. pp. 424 & 428, 1853.
Tortricide, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 18, 1863.
Tortricidee, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 230.
Tortricide, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 178, 1864.
Tortricidee, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 482, 1886.
Nlysiidee, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 249, 1890.
K 2
11532) TLYSIID @.
Cranial bones more or less solidly united ; transpalatine present ;
pterygoid extending to quadrate ; supratemporal very small and
wedged in between the adjacent bones; quadrate very short ; pree-
frontal in contact with nasal. Mandible with coronoid bone.
Teeth in jaws and on palate. Vestiges of pelvis as in the Bode,
and terminating in a claw-like spur usually distinguishable on each
side of the vent.
Skull of Llysia scytale.
This family forms a passage from the Boide to the Uropeltide,
agreeing with the latter in the physiognomy and scaling, with the
former in the presence of vestiges of pelvis, whilst the skull is
exactly intermediate.
Ceylon and South-eastern Asia; Tropical South America.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Preemaxillary teeth; eye in an ocular shield ; no mental groove.
1. Ilysia, p. 133.
No premaxillary teeth ; eye distinct fron the surrounding shields ;
mo mental groove § & pw asim one 2, Anomalochilus, p. 134.
No premaxillary teeth ; eye distinct from the surrounding shields ;
aumental (@ToOve ©... s..craie eee 3. Cylindrophis, p. 134.
1. myer. 133
1. TLYSIA.
Tortrix (non Linn.), part., Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 55 (1811); Sehleg.
Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1837).
Anilius, part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 283 (1816).
Ilysia, part., Hemprich, Grundr, d. Naturg. (1820) *; Fitzing. N.
Class. Rept. p. 26 (1826),
Torquatrix, part., Haworth, Phil. Mag. \xv. 1825, p. 872.
Torquatrix, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 209.
lysia, Wagler, Icon. Amph. (1828), and Syst. Amph. p. 198 (1830).
Tortrix, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 584 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn.
p- 118 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, Ophid. p. 54 (1865).
Teeth moderate, subequal, 9 or 10 in each maxillary ; small teeth
in the premaxillary. Head very small, not distinct from neck ;
eye extremely small, with round pupil, in an ocular shield; large
symmetrical shields on the head; nostril in a single nasal, which
forms a suture with its fellow behind the rostral; no loreal, prae-
ocular, or postocular ; no mental groove. Body cylindrical; scales
smooth, in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals feebly enlarged. Tail extremely |
short and blunt.
South America.
1. Ilysia scytale.
Anguis scytale, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 21, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1754), and
S. N. i. p. 391 (1766); Law. Syn. Rept. p. 70 (1768) ; Daud.
Rept. vii. p. 802, pl. Ixxxvii. fig. 1 (1803).
annulata, Laur. l. ec. p. 69.
fasciata, Laur. 1. c. p. 70; Daud. l. ¢. p, 806.
-— corallina, Law”. l. c. p. 71.
cerulea, Laur. 1. c.
atra, Laur. l. c.
Tortrix seytale, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 56 (1811); Schleg. Phys. Serp.
ii. p. 5, pl. i. figs. 4 & 5 (1887), and Abbild. p. 110, pl. xxxiil.
figs. 1-4 (1844); Dum. § Bibr, vi. p. 585 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn.
p- 114 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 55, pl. iii. (1865).
coralinus, Oppel, l. e.
Ilysia scytale, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 104 (1828);
Wagler, Icon. Amph. pl. v. fig. 2 (1828).
Torquatrix scytale, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, p. 209,
A pair of very large prefrontals ; frontal rather small, longer
than broad, usually in contact with a nearly equally large occipital ;
supraocular and parietal subequal in size, and scarcely larger than
the scales on the back of the head; five or six upper labials, third
and fourth in contact with the ocular. Scales in 19 or 21 rows.
Ventrals 210-244 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 9-14. Red (yellowish
in spirit), with more or less complete black annuli; the dorsal scales
sometimes edged with brown.
Total length 830 millim.
Guianas and Upper Amazon.
* The author has not been able-to refer to this work.
134 TLYSIID 2.
Gad. V, 2183 Crit), Surinam.
b-c. Ad. (V. 210, 211 ; Berbice.
C. 12, 12).
d, Ad. (V. 213; C.12). Berbice. Lady Essex [P. ].
e. Ad. (V. 227; C.12). Demerara. R. Latham, Esq. [P.].
f. Ad. (V. 235; C. 11). Demerara. Lieut. Friend [P.].
g. Ad. (V. 226; C.12). Demerara. Dr. Hancock [ P. }.
h. Ad. (V. 225; 0. 11).. Demerara.
mead, (V. 2173 C..11). British Guiana.
k. Hgr. (V. 288; C. 11). Upper Amazon. Mr. Bartlett [C. ].
l. Ad. (V. 244; C. 9). Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff[C.].
Peru.
m. Skel. S. America. Haslar Hospital.
n. Skull. S. America.
2. ANOMALOCHILUS.
Anomalochilus, v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool. Ergebn. ii.
p- 180 (1890).
No premaxillary teeth *. Head small, not distinct from neck ;
eye very small, distinct from the surrounding shields; head with
large symmetrical shields ; nostril in a single nasal, which forms a
suture with its fellow behind the rostril; no loreal or preocular ; a
postocular ; no mental groove. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, in
21 rows; ventrals very small, scarcely enlarged. Tail extremely
short and blunt.
Sumatra.
1. Anomalochilus weberi.
Anomalochilus weberi, v. Lidth de Jeude, l. c. p. 181, pl. xv. figs. 1-5,
Frontal nearly twice as large as the supraocular, quadrangular ;
no enlarged parietals; four upper labials, third largest and in
contact with the eye. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals scarcely larger
than the neighbouring scales, 244; anal divided; subcaudals 8.
Brown, each scale with a lighter edge; a light spot on each pre-
frontal and on the frontal; a series of round light spots on each
side of the back, in pairs or alternating; an interrupted whitish
line along the middle of the side ; beneath with irregular light spots
arranged in pairs and sometimes confluent.
Kaju Tanam, Sumatra,
3. CYLINDROPHIS.
Tortrix (non Linn.), part., Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 55 (1811); Sehleg.
Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1837). .
Anilius, part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. i. p. 288 (1816).
Ilysia, part., Hemprich, Grundr. Naturg. (1820) ; Fitz. N. Class.
Rept. p. 26 (1826).
* Dr. van Lidth de Jeude kindly informs me that he has been unable to
detect premaxillary teeth in the type specimen.
eg
3. CYLINDROPHIS. 135
Torquatrix, part., Haworth, Phil. Mag. 1825, p. 372.
Cylindrophis, Wagler, Icon. Amph. (1828), and Syst. Amph. p. 195
(1880) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén, vi. p. 590 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. Sn.
p- 111 (1849) ; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 178 (1864); Jan, Icon, Gén.
Ophid. p. 55 (1865) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 249 (1890).
Teeth moderate, subequal, 10 to 12 in each maxillary; none in
premaxillary. Head small. not distinct from neck; eyes very
small, with round or vertically subelliptic pupil, distinct from the
neighbouring shields ; head with large symmetrical shields ; nostril
in a single nasal, which forms a suture with its fellow behind the
rostral; no loreal or preocular; a small postocular; a mental
groove. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, in 19 or 21 rows; ven-
trals feebly enlarged. ‘Tail extremely short and blunt.
Ceylon and South-eastern Asia east of the Bay of Bengal.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Diameter of the eye about half its distance from the nostril ;
interocular width more than the length of the snout.
1. rufus, p. 135.
II. Diameter of the eye one third to one fourth its distance from
the nostril; interocular width equal to the length of the snout,
Parietals at least as large as the frontal.... 2. maculatus, p. 136.
Parietals smaller than the frontal ........ 3. lineatus, p. 137.
1. Cylindrophis rufus.
Anguis rufa, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 71 (1768).
scytale, Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pls. xxvii. & xxviii. (1801).
corallina, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 582, pl. exxxi. (1802).
Eryx rufus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 268 (1803).
Tortrix rufa, Merr. Tent. p. 84 (1820); Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 9,
pl. i. figs. 1-3 (1837), and Abbild. p. 111, pl. xxxiii. figs, 11-17
(1844).
Seytale scheuchzeri, Merr. /. c. p. 91.
Ilysia rufa, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. p. 104 (1823).
Cylindrophis resplendens, Wag. Icon. Amph. pl. v. fig. 1 (1828).
melanotus, Wagl. l. ec. (annot.); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 592
(1844); Gray, Cat. p. 111 (1849).
— rufa, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 46 (1842); Dum. §& Bibr. vi. p. 595
(1844) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 53 (1847) ; Gray, Cat. p. 111;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 179 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 56,
1. 9, pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2 (1865) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 127
(1876); Anders. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 808 (1879); Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 250, fig. (1890).
Diameter of the eye about half its distance from the nostril ; the
distance between the eyes greater than the length of the snout ;
frontal at least as large as the supraocular, larger than the parietals,
at least as long as its distance from the rostral; six upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ven-
trals not twice as large as the contiguous scales, 186-245; anal
136 ILYSIID”@.
divided ; subcaudals 5-10. Brown or black above, with or without
alternating light cross bands; belly white with transverse black
bands or spots, or black with transverse white bands; lower surface
of tail bright vermilion during life.
Total length 770 millim.
Burma and Cochinchina to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago,
a. Her. (V. 201; C.6). |_Pyimmana, Upper
K. W. Oates, Esq. [P.].
Burma.
6. 2, with young Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq.
C¥..208 C27). [C.].
e, Ye. ( Ve lea sCo70): Siam. Sir R. Schomburgk
Pals
d., QV(V. 206 sC26), Camboja. ut odtiet fick
e. : (Ne 208 ; C. 5). Singapore. Dr. Cantor.
f. Her. (V. 211; C. 5) Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.].
I @ sa 197; C. 0). Singapore.
h, 1-k. Si a 187, ee Pinang. Gen. Hardwicke [ P.].
District of Deli,
Mr. Iversen [C.].
Sumatra.
m. Q (V. 207; C. 6) Borneo. Sir J. Brooke [P.].
m. Hor. (V. 200; C. 6) Borneo. A.R. Wallace, Esq. tpt
o-p. 2 (V. 205, 207 Rejang River, Brooke Low, Esq. [P.]}.
1510): Sarawak.
g-r. Ye. (V. 186, 190; Java. J. Bowring, Esq. [P.].
C. 6, 7).
Bit (V. 242; C.-9) Celebes.
© (V. 186; C. 6).
u-y. 6 (V. 237, 245, 241; Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
C. 8, 9, 8) & Q (V. 212,
TVS OR EO) \s
z-a. go (V.-240, 289 ; N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]
C2910).
B. Skel. Java, R. Kirkpatrick, Esq.
[P.}.
2. Cylindrophis maculatus.
Anguis maculata, Zinn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 21, pl. xxi. fig. 3 (1754),
and S. N. i. p. 891 (1766); Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 72 (1768);
Russell, Ind. Serp. ii, pl. xxix. (1801); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 319
(1803).
decussata, Laur. l. e.
Tortrix maculatus, Oppel, Ordn, Rept. p. 56 (1811) ; Guér. Icon,
cpa , Rept. pl. xix. a 1 (1830) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. i. p. 12
pl. i. fies, 6 6 & 7 (1837
Ilysia maculata, Cee Verz. Doubl. p. 104 (1825).
Cylindrophis maculata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 46 (1842); Dum. &§
Bibr. vi. p. 597 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 112 (1849); Giinth. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 179 (1864) : Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 56,1. 9, pl.iv. fig. 8
(1865) ; Bouleng. Faun. "Ind. , Rept. p. 251 (1890).
Diameter of the eye one third to one fourth its distance from the
nostril ; the distance between the eyes equals the length of the
UROPELTID®. 137
snout ; frontal usually a little smaller than the supraocular or the
parietal ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye.
Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals not twice as large as the con-
tiguous scales, 189-212; anal divided; subeaudals 4-6. Above,
with black network enclosing two series of large reddish-brown spots
along the back; lower parts white, variegated with black.
Total length 350 millim.
Ceylon.
a. O(V, 212: 0. 8). Trincomalee, Col. Yerbury [P.].
6. 2 (V. 201 : C. 5). Ceylon. Sir J. Banks [P.}.
eo Hgr. (Vv cee C.5). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [ P.].
d,. Hgr. (V. 192; C.5). Ceylon.
ef. 2 CV. 198, 196; P Dr. P. Russell [P.].
C. 6, 6).
geo (Vv. Loe: C4), —-? Zoological Society.
3. Cylindrophis lineatus.
Cylindrophis lineatus, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 217, pl. xx.
Diameter of the eye about one fourth its distance from the
nostril; the distance between the eyes equals the length of the
snout ; frontal about as large as the suprocular and a little larger
than the parietals; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the
contiguous scales, 215; anal divided; subcaudals 9. Blackish
brown above, with two white stripes; belly white, with alter-
nating black cross bands ; head and tail yellowish.
Total length 730 millim.
Singapore.
Fam. 5. UROPELTIDA *.
Typhlopoidea, part., Fvtzinger, Neue Class. Rept. p. 25, 1826.
Uropeltacea, J. Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. p. 270, 1882.
Uropeltide, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 140, 1845.
Upérolissiens, Duméril, Mém. Ac, Se. xxiii. p. 443, 1853; Duméril
&§ Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 144, 1854.
Uropeltidee, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p- 16, 1863.
Uropeltidee, Giinther , Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 182, 1864,
Uropeltidee, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1864, p. 230.
Rhinophide, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. p. 482, 1886.
Uropeltidee, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 251, 1890.
Cranial bones solidly united; transpalatine present; pterygoid
not extending to quadrate or mandible ; no supratemporal ; quadrate
* The following names in Jerdon’s Catalogue of Indian Reptiles (Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1854, p. 527) refer, in all probability, to Snakes of this
family :—
Cylindrophis curticeps, Cylindrophis macroscelis, Pilidion? montanum, Uro-
peltis affinis, Xenopeltis? trivirgatus, All from the Nilgherries.
138 UROPELTID &.
very small; prefrontals in contact with nasals. Mandible with
coronoid bone. Both jaws toothed; teeth small and few.
Palate usually toothless ; a few palatine teeth sometimes present
in Melanophidium and Platyplectrurus.
Fig. 9.
pe | YP PD oro
wm
Skull of Stlybura grandis.
Head small and not distinct from neck; eye small or very small,
with round pupil. Body cylindrical, rigid; tail very short.
Burrowing Snakes of small size, restricted to Ceylon and the
mountains of Peninsular India, or to the heavy forests at the
immediate foot of the mountains, as far north as 19°.
Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Eye in the ocular shield; fourth labial in contact with the
parietal.
A. No mental groove.
1. No supraocular shield,
Tail obliquely truncated, ending in a large, rugose, circular or oval,
Habehield,..... ..in+ ees jo Moe 1. Uropeltis, p. 139.
Tail ending in a large conyex rugose shield, which is neither trun-
cated nor spinose at the end .... 2. Rhinophis, p. 140.
1. UROPELTIS. 139
Terminal caudal scute small, square at the end or bicuspid, the
points side by side ............ 3. Silybura, p. 144.
Tail compressed, the terminal scute with two superposed, single or
PTS ks 4, Pseudoplectrurus, p. 160.
2. A supraocular shield ...... 5. Plectrurus, p. 160.
B. A mental groove .......... 6. Melanophidium, p. 163.
II. Eye distinct from the surrounding shields ; a temporal shield
separates the fourth labial from the parietal.
7. Platyplectrurus, p. 165.
1. UROPELTIS.
Uropeltis, part., Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 76 (1829).
Uropeltis, Dliller, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 1832, p. 252; Gray, Cat.
Liz. p. 141 (1845); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 160 (1854) ;
Peters, Uropelt. p. 19 (1861); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 188
(1864) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 9;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 253 (1890).
Pseudo-Typhilops, part., Schley. Abbild. p. 40 (1844).
Eye in the ocular shield; no supraocular, no temporal shields.
No mental groove. Tail obliquely truncated, ending in a large,
circular or oval, flat shield.
Ceylon.
1. Uropeltis grandis.
Uropeltis philippinus, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 76 (1829); Mill.
Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 18382, p. 252, pl. xxii. fig. 2; Hydouxr §
Gervais, in Guér, Mag. Zool., Cl. iii. pl. xiii. (1837), and Voy.
Favorite, v. Zool. p. 66, pl. xxvi. (1839); Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 141
(1845) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 161, pl. lix. fig. 2 (1854) ; ees
Uropelt. p. 20 (1861); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 46, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 1
1865).
Pasidodteahdbps philippinus, Schley. Abbild. p. 44 (1844).
Uropeltis grandis, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl.ii. p. 15 (1853) ; Gray,
Proce. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 262 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 188 (1864) ;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 132 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag.
N. H, (5) xvii. 1886, p. 9; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 254, fig.
(1890).
satfracamus, Kelaart, 1. c. p. 15.
pardalis, Kelaart, 1. c.p. 16; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 263.
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral convex, much produced posteriorly,
nearly as long as the frontal; nasals forming a suture behind the
rostral. Diameter of body about one twentieth of the total length.
19 scates round the middle of the body, 23 behind the head.
Ventrals not twice as large as the contiguous scales, 129-147 ; sub-
vaucals 6-9, Caudal disk longer than the shielded part of the head.
Dark brown or blackish above, with or without yellow spots ; yellow
beneath, with or without dark brown spots.
Total length 460 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
140 UROPELTID&.
GG Valeo; C.'6). Kerinday, near Dr. Kelaart. (Type of
Matura. U. grandis.)
6. Her. (V. 129; C. 6). Matura. Dr. Kelaart. (Type of
U. pardalis.)
ey (V¥.942'; -C. 6). Kandy. Col. Yerbury [ P.}.
d. Hor. (V. 147; C. 9). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith | P.].
eter. (V. 139 ;°C. 6): Ceylon. Col. Beddome {C. },
Pee CY. 142509). Ceylon.
2. RHINOPHIS.
Rhinophis, Hemprich, Grundr. d. Naturg. p. 119 (1820); Miiller,
Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 1832, p. 248; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 141
(1845); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 153 (1854); Peters,
Uropelt. p. 9 (1861); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 183 (1864) ;
Beddome, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 5; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 254 (1890).
Pseudo-Typhlops, part., Schleg. Abbild. p. 40 (1844).
Dapatnaya, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun, Zeyl. ii. p. 16 (185°).
Mytilia, part., Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 263. —
Eye in the ocular shield; no supraocular, no temporal. No
mental groove. Tail ending in a large convex rugose shield, which
is neither truncated nor spinose at the end.
In all the species the nasals are separated by the rostral.
Ceylon and Southern India.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Caudal shield as long as or a little shorter than the shielded part
of the head.
A. Rostral strongly keeled, half as long as the shielded part of
the head; 17 or 19 scales round the middie of the body.
Diameter of the body 37 to 40 times in
the total length ; ventrals 217-223... 1. owyrhinus, p. 141.
Diameter of the body 47 to 49 times in
the total length ; ventrals 236-246 .. 2. punctatus, p. 141.
B. Rostral about two fifths the length of the shielded part of the
head; 17 scales round the middle of the body.
Ventrals 153-172). os... weeeeneeeners = = 3. planiceps, p. 141.
Ventrals 190-204 <5... A meee eee 4, trevelyanus, p. 142.
C. Rostral one third the length of the shielded part of the head.
15 scales round the middle of the body ;
ventrals 182-214. oe fection ee d. sanguineus, p. i43.
17 scales round the middle of the body ;
wentrals 146. vs..cn 3 ele 6. travancoricus, p. 143.
II. Caudal shield much shorter than the shielded part of the head.
7. blythii, p. 144.
2. RHINOPHIS. 14f
1. Rhinophis oxyrhynchus.
Typhlops oxyrhynchus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 341 (1801).
Rhinophis oxyrhynchus, Hempr. Grundr. Naturg. p. 119 (1820) ;
Miill. Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 1832, p. 248; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 141
(1845); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 156 (1854); Peters, Uropelt. p. 9,
pl. ii. fig. 1 (1861); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184 (1864) ; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 128 (1876); Beddome, Ann. §& Mag.
N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p.5; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 255
(1890).
Dapatnaya lankadivana, Kelaurt, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. ii. p. 16 (1853),
Mytilia unimaculata, Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc, 1858, p. 264, fig.
Snout acutely pointed; rostral compressed, keeled above, half as
long as the shielded part of the head; frontal not longer than
broad. Diameter of body 37 to 39 times in the total length.
17 to 19 scales round the middle of the body, 19 to 21 behind the
head. Ventrals only a little larger than the contiguous scales,
217-227; subcaudals 5-7. Caudal disk about as long as the
shielded part of the head. Uniform brown, each scale with a lighter
margin ; some yellow markings about the tail.
Total length 430 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a,b. g (V. 217, 219; C.7, 7). Ceylon. (Types of M. unimaculata.)
CPV. 2205 ©. 8). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.].
2. Rhinophis punctatus.
Rhinophis punctatus, Mill. Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 1832, p. 248;
Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 157 (1854) ; Peters, Uropelt. p. 12, pl. ii. fig. 3
(1861) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 184 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
p- 48, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 5 (1865); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 128
(1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 6; Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 255 (1890).
Pseudo-Typhlops oxyrhynchus, Schley. Abbild. p. 48, pl. xii.
(1844).
Very closely allied to the preceding; differs in the more slender
body, the diameter of which is +7 to 49 times in the total length, :
with more numerous ventrals (236-246), and in coloration. Yel-
Jowish, each scale with a black spot ; the scales of the series adjoining
the vertebral without spot.
Total length 390 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a-b. 3 (V. 246,239; C.9,8). Paradenia. Col. Beddome [C.].
c-d. 3 (V. 236; C. 8) & 2 Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. [P.].
(V. 240; C.6).
3. Rhinophis planiceps.
Typhlops philippinus, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 74 (1829).
Rhinophis philippinus, Miill. Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 1832, p. 248;
Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 154, pl. lix. fig, 1 (1854); Peters, Uropeit.
142 UROPELTID A.
p- 15 (1861); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184 (1864); Jan, Icon.
Gén. p. 46, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1865).
Rhinophis planiceps, Peters, op. cit. p. 17, pl. i. fig. 1; Theob. Cat.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 129 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5)
xvii. 1886, p. 6; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 255 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral obtusely keeled above, about two
fifths the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal usually
longer than broad. Diameter of body 24 to 34 times in the total
length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head.
Ventrals only a little larger than the contiguous scales, 153-172;
subcaudals 3-6. Caudal disk about as long as the shielded part of
the head. Uniform brown, each scale with a lighter margin ;
sometimes a yellowish blotch near the head or on the anal region.
Total length 270 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
44D IVE U2: CA). Ceylon. C. R. Buller, Esq. [P.].
(Type of 2. planiceps. )
b. go (V. 153; C. 6). Ceylon. C. R. Buller, Esq. [ P.].
c. do (V. 156; C. 4). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.}.
d,e. d (V. 155; C.6) & Ceylon.
© (V. 170; C. 8).
4. Rhinophis trevelyanus.
Dapatnaya trevelyana, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. ii. p. 17 (1853).
Mytilia gerrardi, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, pp. 58, 268, pl. xiii.
Rhinophis homolepis (Hempr.), Peters, Uropelt. p. 14, pl. i. fig. 2
(1861); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 48, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1865).
trevelyanus, Grinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 185 (1864) ; Theob. Cat.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 129 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5)
xvii. 1886, p. 7; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 256 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral obtusely keeled above, about two
fifths the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal usually
longer than broad. Diameter of body 26 to 30 times in the total
length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the
head. Ventrals only a little larger than the contiguous scales,
190-204; subcaudals 3-6. Caudal disk as long as the shielded part
of the head. Blackish brown above; yellow beneath, each scale
with a black spot; a series of triangular yellow spots along each
side of the body. .
Total length 275 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a-b, c-d. 3 (V. 190; C. 6), Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
2 (V. 200, 204; C.4, 5),
& her. (V. 192; C.5).
e-g. d (V. 194; C. 5), 9 Ceylon. R. College of Surgeons.
QV2208); (C.°3); 9k lier: (Types of M. gerrardi.)
(V. 196; C. 4).
h, t-l. § (V.198; C.6) & P Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C. ].
(V. 200, 198, 192; C. 3, 4,5).
2. RHINOPHIS. 143
5. Rhinophis sanguineus.
Rhinophis sanguineus, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 227 ;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 186, pl. xvii. fig. A (1864); Theobd.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 130 (1876); Beddome, Ann. § Mag.
N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 8; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 25€
(1890).
microlepis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 227, pl. xxvi.
fig. 2.
Snout acutely pointed; rostral obtusely keeled above, about one
third the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal longer
than broad. Diameter of body 30 to 38 times in the total length.
15 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals
nearly twice as large as the contiguous seales, 182-214; subcaudals
5-10. Caudal disk as long as the shielded part of the head; sub-
caudal and preeanal scales pluricarinate in the male. SBluish black
above, with or without some small light spots; belly and three or
four outer series of scales bright red spotted with black; caudal
shield black, with a red band on each side, and sometimes a
median one.
Total length 400 millim.
Western Ghats, Southern Indian.
a. 6 (V. 197; C. 9). Cherambody, Wynad, Col. Beddome [C. ].
3500 feet. (One of the types.)
b. Ye. (V. 199; C. 10). Cherambody, Wynad, Col. Beddome fo.
5500 feet. (Type of &. microlepis.)
c-e, f-g, h. S (V. 211, Wynad. Col. Beddome | C. }.
201,198; C.9, 9,9), 2
(V. 214, 199; C.7,6),
& yg. (V. 182; C. 6)
a. 2(V.. 198); C. 5). Manantoddy, Wynad, E. Pringle, Esq.
2000 feet. [peels
k.' 2 (¥. 205; C..6). Nilgherries.
6. Rhinophis travancoricus. (Prarz IX. fig. 3.)
Snout acutely pointed; rostral feebly compressed, not keeled,
about one third the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal
longer than broad. Diameter of body 34 times in the total length.
17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head,
Ventrals about once and a half the size of the contiguous scales, 146 ;
subcaudals 6. Caudal disk a little shorter than the shielded part of
the head. Dark purplish brown, the scales on the sides and belly
edged with whitish; anal region black; lower surface of tail
yellow.
Total length 170 millim.
Travancore,
a. 9. Trevandrum. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. [P.}.
144 UROPELTID®.
7. Rhinophis blythii.
Rhinophis blythii, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. ii. p. 14 (1853);
Peters, Uropelt. p. 17 (1861); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5)
xvil. 1886, p. 8; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 256 (1890).
Mytilia templetonii, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1858, p. 265.
Rhinophis blythii, part., Grinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 186 (1864) ;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1876).
Snout acutely pointed; rostral very slightly compressed, about
one third the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal longer
than broad. Diameter of body 22 to 32 times in the total length.
17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ven-
trals only a little larger than the contiguous scales, 148-162 ;
subcaudals 4-7. Caudal disk one half or three fifths the length of
the shielded part of the head ; some of the distal caudal scales with
faint traces of keels. Dark brown; sides with vertical yellow spots
or a festooned or zigzag band along the anterior half of the body ;
a yellow ring round the base of the tail.
Total length 370 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a-c. 3 (V. 156, 148; C.7, Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [ P.).
7) & 9 (V.167; C. 4). (Types of M. templetonii.)
d. Yg. (V. 162; O. 7). Ceylon. Col. Beddome [ C.}.
en9) (V1605 (C4). Ceylon.
F-g- 2 (V. 156; C.5)& Punduloya, 4000 E. E. Green, Esq. [P.].
yg. (V. 148; C. 6). feet.
3. SILYBURA.
Uropeltis, part., Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. il. p. 76 (1829).
Pseudo-Typhlops, part., Schleg. Abbild. p. 40 (1844).
Siluboura, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 142 (1845).
Coloburus, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén., vii. p. 165 (1854).
Mytilia, part., Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 263.
Crealia, Gray, 1. c. p. 264.
Silybura, Peters, Uropelt. p. 20 (1861); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p- 189 (1864); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886,
p- 10; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 257 (1890).
Eye in the ocular shield; no supraocular, no temporal. No
mental groove. ‘Tail conical or obliquely truncated, terminating in
a small scute which is square at the end or bicuspid, with the
points side by side.
Peninsular India; one species in Ceylon.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. 19 scales round the middle of the body.
A. Upper surface of tail convex.
198-218 ventrals ; diameter of body 50
to 40 times in total length ........ 3. grandis, p. 148.
163-178 ventrals; diameter of body 23
to 30 times in total length ........ 8. nigra, p. 151.
3. SILYBURA. 145
B. Tail with a flat disk of strongly keeled scales; 203-230
ventrals ; diameter of body 34 to 40 times in total length.
11. broughami, p. 152.
II. 17 scales round the middle of the body.
A. Rostral entirely separating the nasals.
141-166 ventrals; diameter of body 22 to
31 times in total length; eye not half
PemehOr GUA Is. 1... sa. snes oe 1. melanogaster, p. 146.
161-180 ventrals ; diameter of body 30
to 38 times in total length; eye half
PSM COUMIARE to s-.y «ys alecs scan 2. pulneyensis, p. 147.
B. Nasals in contact behind the rostral.
1. Eye not half the length of the ocular shield.
a. Portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance
from the frontal, or shorter ; snout obtuse.
a. Tail round or slightly compressed ; upper caudal scales
distinctly keeled; terminal scute without distinct
points ; 151-180 ventrals ; diameter of body 25 to 33
times in the total length. 4. petersii, p. 148.
3. Tail round or slightly compressed ; upper caudal scales
smooth or faintly keeled ; terminal scute very small
and bicuspid.
152-173 ventrals ; diameter of body 27
to 40 times in total length .... - 8. maculata, p. 149.
174-188 ventrals ; diameter of body 32
to 38 times in total lemebhil 4.2 eee 6. lura, p. 149.
y. Tail with a flat disk of strongly keeled scales; 165-
172 ventrals; diameter of body 30 to 33 times in total
MGIB Tastes cine <:sizian soho 16. rubrolineata, p. 155,
b. Portion of rostral visible from above longer than its distance
from the frontal ; upper caudal scales strongly keeled.
a. Rostral not more than one third the length of the shielded
part of head.
193-234 ventrals; diameter of body 30) |
to 46 times in totallength; eye hardly
one third length of ocular.......... 7. ocellata, p. 150.
184-195 ventrals ; diameter of body 30
to 35 times in total length; eye more
than one third length of ocular .... 9. nitida, p. 151.
144-172 ventrals ; diameter of body 25
to 32 times in total length ........ 14. ellioti, p. 154.
B. Rostral compressed, keeled above, at least two fifths the
length of the shielded part of head ; snout acutely pointed.
156-168 ventrals ; diameter of body 26
to 32 times in total length; caudal
PA OIE HAD ek see i og ew BA tee 10. dindigalensis, p, 152.
L
VOL, I.
146 UROPELTID #.
213 ventrals ; diameter of body 38 times
in total length; rostral half length
of shielded part of head............ 12. macrorhynchus,
180-188 ventrals; diameter of body 33 [p. 153.
to 40 times in total length ........ 13. beddomi, p. 153.
2. Hye half the length of the ocular, or more ; snout obtuse.
a. Portion of rostral seen from above longer than its distance
from the frontal.
144-157 ventrals ; diameter of body 28
to 38 times in total length ; rostral
one third length of shielded part of
heady tei. Sic as oe cee 15. phipsoni, p. 155.
139-153 ventrals; diameter of body 25
to 32 times in total length; rostral
not quite one third length of shielded
part'of head) <.¢ 2. jae eee 17. myhendre, p. 156.
b. Portion of rostral visible from above as long as its dis-
tance from the frontal.
142-150 ventrals ; diameter of body 30
to 32 times in total length ........ 18. madurensis, p. 156.
127-136 ventrals ; diameter of body 25 [p. 157.
to 33 times in total length ........ 19. rubromaculata,
c. Portion of rostral visible from above shorter than its
distance from the frontal.
128-130 ventrals ; diameter of body 26
or 27 times in total length; eye half
leusth of ocular 9...) 2ee Semen. 20. arcticeps, p. 157.
120-146 ventrals ; diameter of body 21
to 29 times in total length ; eye more
than half length of ocular.......... 21. brevis, p. 158.
III. 15 scales round the middle of the body; 128-140 ventrals ;
diameter of body 24 to 29 times in the total length.
22. macrolepis, p. 159.
1. Silybura melanogaster.
Mytilia (Crealia) melanogaster, Gray, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 264,
fio
Plectrurus ceylonicus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 388.
thinophis melanogaster, Peters, Uropelt. p. 18, pl. 11. fig. 4 (1864) ;
Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 47, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1865).
blythii, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 186 (1864); Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 130, 1876).
Silybura melanogaster, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886,
p- 20; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 260 (1890). :
Snout pointed ; rostral about one third the length of the shielded
part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its
distance from the frontal, entirely separating the nasals; frontal
/ 3. SILYBURA. 147
longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular.
Diameter of body 22 to 31 times in the total length. Scales in
17 rows round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ven-
trals but little larger than the contiguous scales, 141-166. Sub-
caudals 6-10. ‘Tail round or slightly compressed, the terminal
scute with two small spines ; caudal scales with very faint keels.
Dark brown, with yellow spots more or less confluent into a lateral
band. In three young specimens in the collection (/—m) the colour
is yellow, each scale of the upper surface, chin, and tail with a
dark brown spot.
Total length 270 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a-d. 3 (V. 157,152; C.10, 10) Ceylon. (Types. )
& 2 (V. 164, 165; C. 5, 5).
e-z. § (V. 150,157; C.10,9) Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq.
& 2 (V. 162, 166, 162 ; C. 6, [Pk
6, 7).
k, L-m. Ye. (V. 153, 141,144; Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq.
C. 9, 10, 9). fea
n. & (V. 153; C. 10). Ceylon. C. R. Buller, Esq. [P.].
o. do (V. 152; C.9). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.].
five (Vv. 1505 C. 9): Ceylon.
q. Skeleton. Ceylon.
2. Silybura pulneyensis.
Plectrurus pulneyensis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1865, p. 228,
pl. xxv. fig. 2.
Rhinophis pulneyensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 187, pl. xvii.
fig. C (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 131 (1876).
Silybura wood-masoni, 7’eod. op. cit. p. 135.
guentheri, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 801, and Ann. &
Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 25.
pulneyensis, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. p. 23;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 260 (1890); Boettg. Ber. Offend.
Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 76.
Snout obtusely pointed ; rostral about one fourth the length of
the shielded part of the head, longer than its distance from the
frontal, entirely separating the nasals ; frontal longer than broad.
Eye half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 38
times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body,
19 behind the head. Ventrals about twice as large as the conti-
guous scales, 161-180. Subcaudals 6-13. Tail somewhat com-
pressed, the terminal scute with two small points; usually some of
the terminal scales with faint keels. Brown, with a few minute
yellow specks on the back; a yellow lateral band anteriorly ; belly
with large yellow, usually alternating, spots or cross bands. In one
specimen (S. guenthert, Bedd.) the belly is uniform yellow.
Total length 380 millim.
Pulney and Cumbum Hills (Madura District), Southern India,
5000-7000 feet.
L2
148 UROPELTID &.
i, 2 (V. 178% 0.6): Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [C.].
(One of the types.)
b-d, e, f. & (V. 180,172, Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [C.].
175°C. 9,8, 12) & 2
(V. 172; 174 50. 858); ;
g. & (V. 170; C. 18). Cumbum Hills, 5000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type of S. guentherz.)
3. Silybura grandis.
Rhinophis grandis, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Sc. 1867,
fig.; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 131 (1876).
Silybura grandis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 414;
Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H., (5) xvii. 1886, p. 11; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 261 (1890).
Snout pointed ; rostral one third or one fourth the length of the
shielded part of the head, longer than its distance from the frontal,
sometimes separating the nasals ; frontal longer than broad. Eye
very small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body
30 to 40 times in the total length. Scales in 19 rows round the
middle of the body, 21 behind the head. Ventrals about twice as
large as the contiguous scales, 198-218; posterior ventrals pluri-
carinate in the male. Subcaudals 6-12. Tail round or slightly
compressed, the terminal scute with two small spines ; caudal scales
more or less strongly pluricarinate. Dark violet ; belly with alter-
nating large yellow spots or cross bands.
Total length 480 millim.
Anamallay Mountains, 8. India.
a. 3 (V. 206; C.10). Anamallay Forests, 4000 Col. Beddome [C.].
feet. (Type.)
b, e-d. 3 (V. 208; Anamallay Forests,4000 Col. Beddome [C. ].
C. 10) & 9 (V. 214, feet.
A113: CO. 8, 7):
e-m. 5 (V. 198, 200 ; Anamallays, 4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq.
C. 10, 12), OCV. 214, (Pel:
206, 210, 213; C. 7, 7,
8, 6), & yg. (V. 205,
ALS; C195 °7);
n. Skeleton. Anamallays, 4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq.
4, Silybura petersii. (Pxare VI. fig. 1.)
Silybura petersi, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 154, and Ann. §
Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 22; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p. 261 (1890).
Snout obtusely pointed ; rostral hardly one fourth the length of
the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter
than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer
than broad. Kye small, not half the length of the ocular. Dia-
meter of body 25 to 35 times in the total length. 17 scales round
the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals about twice
3. SILYBURA,. 149
as large as the contiguous scales, 151-180. Subcaudals 6-11. Tail
round or slightly compressed, the terminal upper scales more or less
distinctly pluricarinate ; the terminal scute with a transverse ridge,
without distinct points. Brown, with or without yellowish dots
above ; belly with small irregular yellowish spots ; no yellow band
on the side of the tail.
Total length 190 millim.
Anamallays.
a, b-d. § (V. 167, 180, 157; Anamallays, 4000 feet. Col. Beddome [C.].
0.11,10,10)& 2(V. 160; (Types.)
C. 6).
e-k. f (V. 154, 157,151, Anamallays,4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq.
154, 154; C. 10, 10, i0, 10, (Eels
10) & yg. (V. 163; C.6).
5. Silybura maculata. (Prare VI, fig. 2.)
Silybura maculata, Beddome, Proc. me Soc. 1878, p. 154, and Ann.
Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 22; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p. 261 (1890).
ate obtuse ; rostral about one fourth the length of the shielded
part of the head, the portion visible from above as long as its dis-
tance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer than broad.
Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body
27 to 40 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of
the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as large as
the contiguous scales, 152-175. Subcaudals 8-13, Tail rounded or
a little compressed ; scales smooth or a few of the terminals faintly
keeled ; terminal scute very small, bicuspid. Dark brown or black,
with several deep red blotches along the sides of the anterior
portion of the trunk and about the tail, rarely along the whole of
the body.
. Total length 380 millim.
Anamallay and Travancore Hills, 6000-7000 feet.
a-c,d-e. § (V. 159, 154, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
156, 154; C.12, 11, 18, (Types. )
11) & 2 (V. 165; G. 8).
F-t. 2 (V.170; C. ’g), her. High range of Travan- H. 8S. Ferguson, Esq.
(V. 178; C: °8), & ig core, 7000 feet. FP: |,
(V. 158, 152 O28, 12).
6. Silybura liura.
Silybura liura, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 228, pl. xxxi. fig. B ;
Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 18; Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 262 (1890).
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral about one third the length of
the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long
as its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer
than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Dia-
meter of body 32 to 38 times in the total length. 17 scales round
150 UROPELTID ®.
the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as
broad as the contiguous scales, 174-188. Subcaudals 8-12. Tail
round or slightly compressed, the terminal scute very small and
bicuspid ; caudal scales smooth or with very faint keels. Purplish
brown above, each scale edged with darker, with transverse series
of small yellow, black-edged ocelli ; sides and lower parts with
large alternating black and yellow spots or cross bands.
Total length 320 millim.
Tinnevelly and Madura Hills, 3000-5000 feet, S. India.
a. & (V. 183; C. 12). Madura Hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type.)
—d. bd (V. 174, 177; Tinnevelly Hills. Col. Beddome [C. ].
C. 12, 12) & Q
(V. 188; C. 8).
7. Silybura ocellata.
Silybura ocellata, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 226, and
Madras Journ. Med. Sc, 1863, fig. ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p- 190, pl. xvii. fig. E (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 1383
(1876); Beddome, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 17;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 262, fig. (1890).
ochracea, Deddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, ,p. 801, and Ann.
& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. p. 17.
dupeni, beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 801.
Snout pointed; rostral about one fourth the length of the
shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than
its distance from the frontal; nasals forming a suture behind the
rostral; frontal usually longer than broad. Eye very small, hardly
one third the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 46
times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body,
19 behind the head. Venitrals about twice as large as the con-
tiguous scales, 193-234. Subcaudals 6-11. Tail round or slightly
flattened, the terminal scute with two small points; scales on the
upper surface of the tail strongly pluricarinate. Yellowish or
brown above, usually with transverse series of smali yellow black-
edged ocelli; belly brown with large yellow spots or cross bands,
or yellow mottled or blotched with brown.
~ Total length 500 millim.
Anamallay, Nilgherry, and Tinnevelly Mountains, 2000-4500 feet.
a. © ((V.199'-7@.'8); Walaghat, Nilgherries, Col. Beddome [C.}.
3500 feet. (One of the types.)
Gi (V.c197 3080), Nilgherries.
ee 2 A 197; 196; Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.}.
BiG; vi)
e, f-g, h~. 3 (V. 223; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
CH.9) & QD (CV. 225; (Types of S. ochracea.)
229, 220, 280; C. 8, 6,
gal)
fae AV, 2a: ©. 10), Neliamputty, Anamal- Col. Beddome [C.].
lays, 8000 ft, (Type of S. dupenc.)
3, SILYBURA. 151
(V. 214; C.11) Cochin, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.},
: » ©;.6).
n-p,q-s. & (V. 229,222; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
\ :
8. Silybura nigra.
Silybura melanogaster (on Gray), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p.227,
pl. xxxi. fig. A
nigra, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1878, p. 154, and Ann. §&
Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 12; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 263 (1890).
Snout pointed ; rostral one third to two fifths the length of the
shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than
its distance from the frontal, sometimes separating the nasals ;
frontal a little longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length
of the ocular. Diameter of body 23 to 30 times in the total length.
Scales in 19 rows round the middle of the body, as well as behind
the head. Ventrals about twice as large as the contiguous scales,
163-178. Subcaudals 6-11. ‘Tail rounded, the terminal scute
with two small points; upper caudal scales more or less strongly
pluricarinate. Blackish or dark violet, above with transverse
series of small round yellow spots or ocelli; a lateral series of large
yellow spots, with may be confluent into a band.
Total length 280 millim.
Hills of Southern India (Pulney, Anamallay, Madura, Tinnevelly),
4000-5000 feet.
a. & (V.-166%:C. 11). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
b. & (V. 163; C. 10). Travancore. Col. Beddome tort
(Types of S. melanogaster.)
ce. Her. 2 (V. 171; C.6). Travancore. Col. Beddome [C. }.
d-g. 2 (V.176,172, 178, Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [C.].
iS CFG gd Je (Types of S. nigra.)
h-t. § (V.170,174; C. Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [C.].
10, 9).
9. Silybura nitida, (Pxare VI. fig. 3.)
Silybura nitida, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 154, and Ann. §
Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 19; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p. 263 (1890).
Snout obtusely pointed ; rostral about one third the length of
the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer
than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal as long
as broad or a little longer than broad. Eye small, not half the
length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 35 times in the total
length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the
head. Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 184-195.
Subcaudals5-11. Tail round or slightly flattened above, the terminal
scales strongly pluricarinate ; the terminal scute with a transverse
152 UROPELTIDE.
ridge and two more or less distinct points. Black, inferiorly with
distant large yellow spots, which usually alternate but sometimes
meet to form cross bands.
Total length 350 millim.
Anamallays,
a-b, c-e. 6 (V. 195, 187; Cochin side of the Ana- Col. Beddome [C.].
Ort, JA) & ay: mallays, 4000-5000 ft. (Types.)
191, 184, 192; C. 6,
7, 5).
10. Silybura dindigalensis. (Pxare VII. fig. 1.)
Silybura dindigalensis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 167, and
Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 13; Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 264 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral compressed, about two fifths the
length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from
above much longer than its distance from the frontal; nasals in
contact behind the rostral; frontal longer than broad. Eye very
small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 26 to
32 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the
body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the con-
tiguous scales, 156-168. Subcaudals 5-10 ; tail obliquely truncate,
flat above, with strongly pluricarinate scales ; terminal scute with a
transyerse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Yellowish
above, the scales edged with darker, with small dark brown spots ;
belly dark brown, with yellow spots or irregular cross bars; a
yellow streak on the lips, continued along each side of the neck.
Total length 355 millim.
Sirumallay Hills, Madura District, 4000-5000 feet.
a, b-d. & (V. 156; C. 10) Sirumallays, near Col. Beddome [C.].
& 9 (V. 166, 168, 167 ; Dindigal. (Types.)
C. 6, 6, 5).
11. Silybura broughami. (Prare VII. fig. 2.)
Silybura broughami, ‘Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 800, and
Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 11; Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 264 (1890).
levingii, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 801.
Snout acutely pointed; rostral compressed, obtusely keeled above,
about two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head, the
portion visible from above much longer than its distance from the
frontal ; nasals in contact behind the rostral; frontal as broad as
long, or slightly longer than broad. Hye very small, not half the
length of the ocular. Diameter of body 34 to 40 times in the total
length. 19 scales round the middle of the body as well as behind
the head. Ventrals not twice as broad as the contiguous scales,
203-230. Subcaudals 7-10; tail obliquely truncate, flat above,
with strongly pluricarinate scales ; terminal scute bicuspid. Brown
3. sILYBURA. 153
above, with more or less distinct transverse series of small yellow,
black-edged ocelli ; sides with a series of large yellow spots ; ventrals
dark brown.
Total length 410 millim,
Sirumallay and Lower Pulney Hills, S. India,
a. 9 (V. 227; C.7). Sirumallay Hills, Ma- Col. Beddome [C. }.
dura District, 5500 ft. (Type.)
b-c. gb (V. 203; C. Lower Pulney Hills, Col. Beddome [C.}.
10) & @ (V. 230; 4000 ft. (Types of S. levingiz.)
©.:8);
12. Silybura macrorhynchus. (Prats VILLI. fig. 1.)
Silybura macrorhyncha, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 167, and
Ann. §& Mag. N. H, (5) xvii. 1886, p. 19; Bouleng. Faun, Ind.,
Rept. p. 264 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed, much produced; rostral strongly com-
pressed, keeled above, half the length of the shielded part of the
head; nasals in contact behind the rostral; frontal as broad as
long. Eye very small, not one third the length of the ocular.
Diameter of body 38 times in the total length. 17 scales round the
middle of the body and 19 behind the head. Ventrals not quite twice
as large as the contiguous scales, 213. Subcaudals 6 (2); end of
tail subtruncate, the rugose part small and rather flat, the scales
with three to five strong keels; terminal scute bicuspid. Upper
parts uniform brown, lower parts mixed with yellow; a yellow
streak from the mouth along each side of the neck; a yellow streak
on each side of the lower surface of the tail, connected with its fellow
by a cross bar on the anal region.
Total length 570 millim,
Anamallays.
a. 9(V.213; C.6). Above Ponachi, 4000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.]}.
(Type.)
13. Silybura beddomii.
Silybura beddomii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 56,
and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 190, pl. xvii. fig. F (1864); Theob. Cat.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 133 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 265
(1890).
ellioti, part., Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886,
p- 20.
Snout acutely pointed, much produced; rostral strongly com-
pressed, keeled above, two fifths the length of the shielded part of
the head ; nasals in contact behind the rostral ; frontal longer than
broad. Eye very small, not half the length of the ocular. Dia-
meter of body 33 to 40 times in the total length. 17 scales round
the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals not twice as
large as the contiguous scales, 180-188. Subcaudals 6-7 (9);
end of tail subtruncate, convex or somewhat flattened above, the
154 UROPELTID A.
scales with three to five strong keels; terminal scute with a trans-
verse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Brown, lower
parts mixed with yellow; a yellow streak on each side of the neck ;
a yellow band across the anal region ; none on the sides of the tail.
Total length 275 millim.
Anamallays.
a-c. 9 (V.188, 182,180 ; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
C. 6, 6,17). (Types. )
14. Silybura ellioti.
Siluboura ceylonicus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 142 (1845).
Siloboura ellioti, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 262.
Silybura ellioti, Peters, Uropelt. p. 21 (1861) ; Giinth. Proce. Zool. Soc.
1875, p. 228; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 265 (1890).
Coloburus ceylanicus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 6 (1865).
Silybura ellioti, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 190 (1864); Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 183; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5)
xvii. 1886, p. 20.
punctata, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 229.
beddomii, part., Grinth. 1. ¢.
Snout pointed ; rostral about one third the length of the shielded
part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its
distance from the frontal; nasals in contact behind the rostral ;
frontal longer than broad. Eye very small, not half the length of
the ocular. Diameter of body 25 to 32 times in the total length.
17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head.
Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous scales, 144-172.
Subcaudals 6-10. End of tail convex or somewhat flattened above ;
upper caudal scales with three to six strong keels ; terminal scute
with a transverse ridge and two more or less distinct points.
Dark brown, uniform or with yellow dots above and small yellow
dots inferiorly ; a more or less distinct yellow line on each side of
the neck; a yellow band on each side of the tail, connected with its
fellow by a transverse bar across the anal region.
Total length 240 millim.
Mountains of Southem India.
GinG (Va LES; E59): Near Madras.
Sir W. Elliot [P.].
(Type.)
b-c. 3 (V. 168; C. 10)
& 9 (V.172; C.6).
d. 2 (V. 144; ©. 7).
k-g. 2 (V. 169, 167, 170,
imORO. 17, 6, 7, Gye
yg. (V. 167, 160, 166;
(OR TA REDE
mG UV. 1645°C, 9).
Jeypore Hills, Vizaga-
atam.
P
Goleondah Hills.
Col. Beddome [C.].
Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type of S. punctata.)
Col. Beddome [C.}.
Pulney Hills.
(Types of S. puactata.)
Anamallays. Col. Beddome [ C.].
(Type of S. punctata.)
Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
Balarangams, Mysore.
Col. Beddome [C.}.
3. SILYBURA. 155
& 2. (VW. 1635007). Yerkand, Shevaroys. aa Z wd Henderson
t-u. § (V.151; C.10) N. Canara. Col. Beddome [C.].
& 9 (V.172; C.7).
a G (V. 1483-0. 11). Madras Presidency. Col. Beddome [C.].
15. Silybura phipsonii.
Silybura elliotti, part., Giinth. Rep. Brit. Ind. p. 190 (1864) ; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Br vt. Ind. p- 183 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H.
(5) xvii. 1886, p. 20.
ceylonica, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 228.
phipsonii, Mason, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 184;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 266 (1890).
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral one third the length of the
shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer
than its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact behind the
rostral ; frontal longer than broad. Eye rather more than half the
length of the ocular. Diameter of body 28 to 38 times in the
total length. Scales in 17 rows round the middle of the body, in
17 or 19 round the neck. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the
contiguous scales, 144-157. Subcaudals 7-12. End of tail flat
above, obliquely truncate, with strongly bi- or quadricarinate scales ;
terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two more or less dis-
tinct points. Brown, uniform or with yellowish dots above; a
more or less marked short yellow streak on each side from the
commissure of the mouth; a yellow band on each side of the tail,
connected with its fellow by a transverse bar across the anal region.
Total length 280 millim.
Bombay Ghats, North Canara, Mysore.
a-b. 9 (V. 150, 157 ; C.8, 8). Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
Gt (Vl 4825. CEL): Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.].
d. 2 (V. 152; C. 8). N. Canara. Col. Beddome [ C.].
a Orcs 145; Cre): Balarangams. Col. Beddome |C. }.
F> Bly. 149: C. 8). India. Zool. Soc.
g-t. 3 (V. 144; C. 12) & 9 India.
Vib 52,144; 0.7 9).
16. Silybura rubrolineata. (Puare VIII. fig. 2.)
Silybura rubrolineata, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 228;
Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 14; Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 266 (1890).
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral about one fourth the length of
the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long
as its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal as broad
as long or slightly longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length
of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 33 times in the total length.
17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head.
Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 165-172. Sub-
caudals 6-8. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with
156 UROPELTID®.
strong'y bi- or tricarinate scales; terminal scute with a transverse
ridge but no points. Blackish brown, with a more or less marked
bright red band along each side.
Total length 400 millim.
Travancore Hills and Anamallays.
aay (V.. 165 5 °C..6): Travancore Hills.
b,c. o (V.172; C.8) Anamallays. a al ad [C.].
& her. (V. 169; C. 6). (Types. )
- Silybura myhendre. (Prarz IX. fig. 1.)
aes nilgherriensis, var. myhendre, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N.
HH. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 15.
— myhendre, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 267 (1890).
Snout obtuse ; rostral one fourth or not quite one third the length
of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above
slightly longer than its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact ;
frontal slightly longer than broad. Eye somewhat more than half
the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 25 to 32 times in the
total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind
the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 139-153.
Subcaudals 7-8. ‘Tail obliquely truncate, flat above, with strongly
bi- or tricarinate scales; terminal scute with a transverse ridge,
indistinctly bicuspid, rounded in the young. Dark purplish brown
above, each scale with a crescentic yellowish posterior border ;
three or four dark transverse blotches behind the head; lower parts
yellowish, with small purplish-brown spots in the adult, with large
rhomboidal transverse blackish blotches i in the young.
Total length 335 millim.
Travancore.
a. 9 (V. 189; C.7). Myhendra Mountain, Col. Beddome [C.}.
S. Travancore. (One of the types.)
b. Yg. (V. 148; C.8). Trevandrum. HS. ue ceo Esq.
ip
18. Silybura madurensis. (Puare IX. fig. 2.)
Silybura madurensis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 802;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 267 (1890).
nilgherriensis, vars, arcticeps, part., et picta, Beddome, Ann.
& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 16.
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral about one fourth the length of
the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long
as its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact behind the
rostral ; frontal longer than broad. Eye measuring about half the
length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 32 times in the total
length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the
head. Ventrals twice as large as the contiguous scales, 142-150.
Subcaudals 7-9. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with
3. SILYBURA. 157
strongly bi-, tri-, or quadricarinate scales; terminal scute with a
transverse ridge and two points. Black above, uniform or closely
spotted with yellow; belly orange, with alternating large black
spots or cross bands ; lower surface of tail black in the middle,
orange on the sides.
Total length 350 millim.
Mountains of Southern India (Madura and Travancore).
a-b. § & yg. (V. 142, Cumbum Hills, Madura Col. Beddome [C.].
149; €:;7, 8), District. (Types. )
ce. do (V. 150; C.8). Near Peermede, North Col. Beddome [C.].
Travancore. (Type of S. picta.)
d. & (V. 150; C.8). High Range, Travan- H. 8. Ferguson, Esq.
core. Fea
19. Silybura rubromaculata.
Silybura rubromaculata, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Se.
1867, fig.; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1875, p. 229; Theob. Cat. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 135 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii.
1886, p. 14; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 268 (1890).
Snout obtuse ; rostral a little more than one fourth the length of
the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long
as its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact; frontal a little
longer than broad. Lye half or somewhat more than half the length
of the ocular. Diameter of body 25 to 33 times in the total length. |
17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head.
Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 127-136. Sub-
caudals 8-10. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with
strongly bi- or tricarinate scales ; terminal scute with a transverse
ridge and two more or less distinct points. Dark olive-brown,
uniform above ; lower parts variegated with yellow and red; some
red blotches on each side of the anterior portion of the body, and
one on each side of the tail near the vent.
Total length 340 millim.
Anamallays.
a-c,d-e. g (V. 132,133, Anamallays, above Col. Beddome [C.].
197 5'C. 10/9, 10): & 9 Ponachi, 4000 feet. ( Types.)
(V. 136, 138; C. 8, 8).
f. & (V. 128; C. 9). Anamallays, 4700 W. Davison, Esq.
feet. Bil
20. Silybura arcticeps.
Silybura arcticeps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1875, p. 229, fig. ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 268 (1890).
nilgherriensis, var. arcticeps, part., Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N.
H, (5) xvii. 1886, p. 16.
Snout obtusely pointed ; rostral about one fifth the length of the
shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above measuring
about half its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal
158 UROPELTID &,
much longer than broad. Eye measuring hardly half the length of
the ocular. Diameter of body 26 or 27 times in the total length.
17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head.
Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous scales, 128-130.
Subcaudals 8. End of tail nearly flat above, obliquely truncate,
with strongly bi- or tricarinate scales; terminal scute with a
transverse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Brown above,
with small yellowish dots; yellow inferiorly, with large black spots
or cross bands.
Total length 200 millim.
Tinnevelly Hills, 8. India.
a-b. gr. (V.128, Tinnevelly, 8000-4000 feet. | Col. Beddome [C.}.
150 C7S58)- (Types.)
21. Silybura brevis.
Uropeltis ceylanicus, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 76 (1829) ; Cocteau,
*n Guér. Mag. Zool., Cl. iii. pl. ii. (1833).
Pseudo-Typhlops ceylanicus, Schleg. Abbild. p. 45 (1844).
Coloburus ceylanicus, Dum. 5 Bibr. vii. p. 164, pl. lix. fig. 3 (1854).
Siloboura ceylonica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 262.
Silybura ceylonica, Peters, Uropelt. p. 21 (1861).
ceylanici, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 903; Giinth.
Proc. Zool. Soc, 1875, p. 228.
brevis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H.(8) ix. 1862, p.56, and Rept.
_ Brit. Ind. p. 192, pl. xvii. fig. D (1864), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p- 229; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 134 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 268.
shortii, Leddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 225, pl. xxv. fig. 1;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 191, pl. xxvii. fig. G;° Theob. 1. ¢.
. 134,
E nilgherriensis, Leddome, 1. c. p. 226, pl. xxvi. fig. 1, and Ann. §
Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 14.
bicatenata, Grinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 191, pl. xvii. fig. H, and
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 229; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184.
—— ellioti, part., Grinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 190, and Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1875, p. 228; Theob. l.c. p. 1383; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. HH.
(5) xvii. 1886, p. 14.
ellioti, vars. shortii, annulata, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H.
(5) xvii. p. 15.
Snout rounded; rostral hardly one fourth the length of the
shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter
than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal a
little longer than broad. Eye more than half the length of the
ocular. Diameter of body 21 to 29 times in the total length. 17
scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals
twice as large as the contiguous scales, 120-146. Subcaudals 8-12.
End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with strongly bi-, tri-, or
quadricarinate scales ; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and
two more or less distinct points. Brown or blackish brown above,
with or without yellowish spots or cross bars or a yellowish lateral
stripe; belly yellowish, with or without dark brown spots, or
3. SILYBURA. 159
entirely brown ; lower surface of tail brown or black in the middle,
yellow on the sides.
Total length 450 millim.
Mountains of Southern India.
a. & (V.134; C. 11). Nilgherries. Col. Beddome [C.}.
(Type of S. nilgherriensis.)
b-c. 9 (V. 144,148; C. Nilgherries. Col. Beddome !C.].
8, 9).
d. 3 ew. 142; C. 9). Nilcherries.
Gh Vs loos) OC. 10), Gudalur, Wynad, E. Pringle, Esq.
3000 feet. ae
Patea(y. 100 ;-C.9): Wynad, 3500 feet. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type of S. annulata.)
g. Xe. (V. 1823 .C..9). Balarangams. Col. Beddome [C.}.
h. 3 (V. 125; 0.10). Pulney Hills, Col. Beddome [C.}.
t. Her, (V. 122; C. 9). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type of S. brevis.)
k-m,n. & (V. 128,127; Anamallays, 4000 Col. Beddome [C.].
C. 10, 9) & yg. (V. 182, _ feet.
145; C. 9, 8).
o-r. & (V. 146,140, 142; Shevaroys. Col. Beddome [C.].
CL 105 1, 10) & her. (Type of S. shortit.)
(V. 140; C. 9).
BG. (Ve 120)5.C:. 9): High Range, Travan- H. 8S. Ferguson, Esq.
core. EB.
t. 6 (V. 142; C. 10). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.].
w. 2, bad state. Malabar. Col. Beddome Ie ;
v. fo (V. 135; C. 12). Deccan (?). Col. Sykes [P. }.
(Type of S. bicatenata.)
22. Silybura macrolepis.
Silybura macrolepis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 904; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 189, pl. xvii. fig. B (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 1382 (1876); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. H. (5) xvii.
1886, p. 24; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 269 (1890).
Snout rounded ; rostral not one fourth the length of the shielded
part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its
distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal as broad as
long or slightly longer than broad. Eye more than half the length
of the ocular. Diameter of body 24 to 29 times in the total length.
15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head.
Ventrals twice as large as the contiguous scales, 128-140. Sub-
caudals 7-9. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with
strongly bicarinate scales ; terminal scute with a transverse ridge
and two points. Black or dark purplish brown, each scale with a
lighter edge ; a short but broad yellow band on the lips and sides of
neck, continued as a series of two to five large spots ; a yellow band
along each side of the tail.
Total length 295 millim.
Bombay Hills.
160 UROPELTID®.
a. 9 (V. 140; C. 9). P (Type.)
b-h. 2 (V. 133, 181,131; Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.].
8
)
9, 7) & yg. (V.
128, 128, 182, 130; C.
8, 8, 8, 9).
4, PSEUDOPLECTRURUS.
Plectrurus, part., Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 24.
Pseudoplectrurus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 270 (1890).
Eye small, in the ocular ; no supraocular. Tail compressed, with
the terminal scute compressed and with two superposed simple or
bifid points.
Southern India.
1. Pseudoplectrurus canaricus. (Prater X. fig. 1.)
Silybura canarica, Beddome, Madras Journ. Med. Se. 1870.
Plectrurus canaricus, Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1875, p. 229; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 137 (1876); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N.
H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 27.
Pseudoplectrurus canaricus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 270
(1890).
Snout obtuse ; rostral hardly one fonrth the,length of the shielded
part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its
distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer than
broad. Eye not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body
32 to 43 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of
the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals not twice as large as the
contiguous scales, 172-188. Subcaudals 6-13. Upper caudal scales
smooth or feebly pluricarinate. Brownish violet, each scale usually
paler in the centre ; with or without small yellow spots on the back ;
lips yellow; some yellow blotches on each side of the anterior
portion of the body ; lower surface of tail yellow, with or without a
black median streak.
Total length 4380 millim.
Mountains of South Canara.
a, b-e. 6 (V. 180, 175, Kudra Mukh, near Col. Beddome | C.}.
176; C. 11, 12, 18), 9 Mangalore, 6000 (Types.)
(¥. 185; C. 7), & yg. feet.
CV 725 C2):
fp. & (V. 182, 175,181, Kudra Mukh, 6200 E. Pringle, Esq. [P.].
178, 179; Ca ale, test.
12512) ORV Ssre:
182, 179; C.11, 18, 12,
8).
5. PLECTRURUS.
Plectrurus, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 166 (1854) ; Peters, Uro-
pelt. p. 22 (1861) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 192 (1864) ; Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 270 (1890).
Maudia, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1858, p. 261.
Plectrurus, part., Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H., (5) xvii. 1886, p. 24,
5. PLECTRURUS. 161
Eye in the ocular shield. No mental groove. A supraocular; no
temporal. ‘Tail compressed, the terminal scute compressed and with
two superposed, simple, bifid or trifid points.
Southern India.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Eye not quite half the length of the ocular shield; terminal
caudal seute with two superposed simple points.
MormmtaleeE Sa NGO faa. ss isc. cee suena 1. perroteti, p. 161.
Varig) “SDA Oe Pe PE ae 2. davisoni, p. 162.
II. Eye half the length of the ocular; terminal caudal seute with
two superposed bi- or tricuspid transverse ridges.
Ventrals not twice as broad as contiguous
RGUIES WWE Linco 0 US Reena ee eate 3. guentheri, p. 162.
Ventrals twice as broad as contiguous scales. 4. aureus, p. 162.
1. Plectrurus perroteti.
Plectrurus perroteti, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 167, pl. lix. fig. 4 (1854);
Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1858, p. 265; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p: 193
(1864), and Proce, Zool. Soe. 1875, p. 280; Jan, Icon. Gén. 1. 9,
pl. ii. fig. 7 (1865); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Tal p- 186 (1876);
Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 25; Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 271 (1890).
Snout obtuse ; rostral small, the portion visible from above shorter
than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer
than broad. ye hardly half the length of the ocular. Diameter
of body 30 to 38 times in the total length. 15 scales round the
middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals not quite twice
as large as the contiguous scales, 152-168. Subcaudals 7-12.
Caudal scales more or less distinctly pluricarinate; terminal seute
with two superposed single points. Brown or purplish, uniform, or
each scale edged with darker; young pale brown, with darker
longitudinal lines.
Total length 330 millim.
Nilgherries and Anamallays, 4000-8000 feet.
a-b. 6 (V.156; C. 12) Nilgherries. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
OD: :(V164 5° C7).
e 9 (V. 168); €. 8). Nilgherries, Zoological Society.
d-e. Yg. (V. 161, 168; Kotagiri, Nil- Dr bike Henderson
C. 8, 8). cherries. Poi:
FR oS (V. 156, 156, 152, Anamallays, 4700 W. Davison, Esq. [P.].
168; C. 10, 11, 11, 10) feet.
& 2 (V.161; C. 7).
im. 9 (V. 154, 159; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
©:8, 7).
n-q- Ye. (V. 164,164,157, Weynad. Col. Beddome [C.}.
155; G. 8, 8, 9, 10).
fe} (V. 157 ; C. 8) & Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.}.
eae lee Oly.
VOL, I. a
162 UROPELTID 4.
2. Plectrurus davisonii. (Prare X. fig. 2.)
Plectrurus davidsoni, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886,
p. 25; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 271 (1890).
May eventually have to be united with P. perroteti, from which °
it differs only in the somewhat more elongate body (39 times the
diameter), the higher number of ventrals (180), and the brighter
coloration. Yellow, each scale edged with purple.
Total length 430 millim.
Anamallays.
a. 9 (VY. 180; C.8). Anamallays, 4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq. [P.].
(Type.)
3. Plectrurus guentheri.
Plectrurus giintheri, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 228, pl. xxvil.;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p.193 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p- 136 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 26 ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 271 (1890).
Snout obtuse; rostral small, the portion visible from above shorter
than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer
than broad. Lye half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body
36 to 42 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of
the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals not twice as large as the
contiguous scales, 171-175. Subcaudals 10-12 (3). Caudal scales
pluricarinate ; terminal scute with two superposed bi- or tricuspid
transverse ridges. Bright reddish purple above, this colour descend-
ing as triangular processes to the sides, which, like the belly, are
yellow ; these triangular markings sometimes extending across the
belly.
Total length 360 millim.
Nilgherry Hills, 3500-4000 feet.
a. d (V. 174; CO. 12). Walagut, below Sispara. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type.)
b,c. 6 (V.171,175; Walagut. Col. Beddome [P.].
C. 10, 12).
4, Plectrurus aureus. (Prater X. fig. 3.)
Plectrurus aureus, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 182, and Ann.
& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 26; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 272 (1890).
Very closely allied to the preceding, the only structural difference
being found in the ventrals, which are a little broader, viz., twice
as broad as the contiguous scales. Diameter of body 39 to 44 times
in the total length. Ventrals 164-177; subcaudals 8-12. Of a
brilliant golden colour, brighter beneath; the scales edged with
violet, with or without a few irregular narrow violet-black cross
bars on the back; the belly much ornamented with violet-black
cross bands or alternating spots.
6. MELANOPHIDIUM. 163
Total length 400 millim.
Wynad (Chambra Hill).
a. § (V. 164; C. 12). Chambra Hill. Col. Beddome [C.}.
(Type.)
“be. SCV 70 ORL) Chambra Fill. Col. Beddome | C.].
& @ (V. 177; C.8).
6. MELANOPHIDIUM.
Melanophidium, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 193 (1864); Beddome,
Ann, § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 29; Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 272 (1890).
Kye in the ocular shield. A median groove along the chin.
No supraocular; no temporal. ‘Tail cylindrical or slightly com-
pressed, the terminal scute pointed or with one or two vertical
ridges. Palatine teeth present.
Southern India.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Suture between the ocular and the frontal more than one
third the length of the latter shield. 1. wynadense, p. 163.
II. Suture between the ocular and the frontal less than one third
the length of the latter shield.
Ventrals and subcaudals black, edged with
SU LAVUG 2e 9 Ae e er r 2. punctatum, p. 164.
Ventrals black, subeaudals white ........ 3. bilineatum, p. 164.
1. Melanophidium wynadense.
Plectrurus wynandensis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 228.
Melanophidium wynandense, Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 194, pl. xvii.
fig. 3 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 138 (1876); Bed-
dome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 80; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 272 (1890).
Snout rounded; rostral small, just visible from above; frontal
as long as its distance from the end of the snout; suture between
the ocular and the frontal more than one third the length of the
latter shield. Eye very small. Diameter of body 44 to 48
times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body,
17 er 19 behind the head. Ventrals rather more than twice the
size of the contiguous scales, 176-185. Subcaudals 10-15.
Black, beautifully iridescent, uniform or with large yellow spots
on the belly.
Total length 445 millim.
Wynad, Malabar, 3000-5000 feet.
a29(Vi186;0. 11). Near Manantoddy. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type.)
Oo -(V.18b5, 176; Near Manantoddy. Col. Beddome [C. ].
bs 0.
Cid):
M2
164 UROPELTID A.
2. Melanophidium punctatum.
Melanophidium punctatum, Beddome, Madras Monthly Journ. Med.
Se. 1871; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 230, pl. xxxii fig. B;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 139 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag.
N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 31; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 273
(1890).
Snout rounded ; rostral small, just visible from above ; frontal as
long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout ; suture
between the ocular and the frontal less than one third the length of
the latter shield. Eye very small, still smaller than in MZ. wyna-
dense. Diameter of body 42 to 48 times in the total length. 16
scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals
rather more than twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 183-198.
Subcaudals 15-18. Black above, beautifully iridescent ; ventrals
and the two lower series of scales on each side with a broad white
border.
Total length 550 millim.
Travancore Hills, 4000-4500 feet.
a, b-c. go (V. 198, 194, Travancore. Col. Beddome [C.].
189; C. 15, 18, 16). (Types. )
d-e. 6 (V. 184; C.16)& Travancore. Col. Beddome [C. }.
yg. (V. 191; C. 16).
Fad (V.1838:; C217): Peermad, Travancore, G. E. Mason, Esq.
4000 feet. (ei.
3. Melanophidium bilineatum.
Melanophidium bilineatum, Beddome, Madras Monthly Journ. Med.
Se. 1870; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 230, pl. xxxii. fig. A ;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 138 (1876); Beddome, Ann. §
Mag. N. H. (8) xvii. 1886, p. 80; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p. 273 (1890).
Snout rounded ; rostral small, just visible from above ; frontal
longer than its distance from the end of the snout; suture between
the ocular and the frontal less than one third the length of the latter
shield. Eye very small. Diameter of body 40 to 50 times in the
total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 or 19
behind the head. Ventrals rather more than twice as broad as the
contiguous scales, 188-200. Subcaudals 15-17. Black, beautifully
iridescent ; a broad yellow band, with or without a series of black
dots, along each side, from the lips to the tail, where it unites with
its fellow on the under surface.
Total length 360 millim.
Wynad, Malabar, 4000 feet.
mea a Vs 188; ‘CL 5): Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type.)
bc. 5 (V. 192; C. 15) & Wynad. Col. Beddome [C. }.
yg. (V. 200; C. 17).
9
7. PLATYPLECTRURUS. 165
7. PLATYPLECTRURUS.
Platyplectrurus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 414;
Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 381; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 275 (1890).
Teretrurus, Beddome, l. c. p. 28.
Eye distinct from the neighbouring shields, of moderate size. A
supraocular and a temporal. ail cylindrical or slightly compressed,
the terminal scute pointed or with a transverse ridge.
Southern India.
Synopsis of the Species.
Snout broadly rounded ; supraoculars longer
than the preefrontals ; 163-175 ventrals 1. trilineatus, p. 165.
Snout broadly rounded; supraoculars as
long as the prefrontals; 150-175 ventrals 2. madurensis, p. 166.
Snout obtuse ; supraoculars as long as or
shorter than the preefrontals; 120-150
EMME Se twats tah cis cia cld.<.- Ao hearin ak 3. sanguineus, p. 166,
1. Platyplectrurus trilineatus. (Piare XI. fig. 1.)
Plectrurus trilineatus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Sc. 1867,
p. 14, fig.; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 137 (1876).
Platyplectrurus trilineatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868,
p- 418; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 32;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 274 (1890).
bilineatus, Beddome, 1. c. p. 33.
Snout broadly rounded ; rostral small, visible from above ; frontal
longer than broad ; supraocular much larger than the eye, longer
than the prefrontals; temporal two thirds or three fifths the
length of the parietals. Diameter of body 37 to 50 times in the
total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body. 17 behind
the head. Ventrals nearly twice as broad as the contiguous scales,
163-175. Subcaudals 8-16. Caudal scales smooth or a few of the
terminal ones inconspicuously bi- or tricarinate ; terminal scute
with a transverse ridge which is hardly distinct in the female.
Adult reddish brown or brick-red above, with three continuous or
interrupted black longitudinal lines; young dark brown or black
above, with two or more yellowish dorsal stripes, yellowish below,
each scale with a brown dot.
Total length 400 millim.
Anamallays.
“a 6 CV. 165° Cy 16): Anamallays, 4000 ft. Col. Saere Les.
(Type.
b-d. ¢ (V.168; C.14), Anamallays, 4000 ft. Col. eons [C.}.
(V.178; C. 10), &
her. (V. 163; C. 14).
e-g. & (V. 166; C.14) Anamallays, 4700 ft. W. Davison, Esq.
)
& 9 (V. 175, 165; [P.]
€28)9);
166 UROPELTID®.
ht. Yg. (V. 164, 163; Madras Hills. Col. Beddome [C.}.
C. 14, 18). (Types of P. bilineatus.)
k-l. Ye. (V. 162, 168; Devacolum, Travancore Col. Beddome [C.1.
Cot 0): Hills.
2. Platyplectrurus madurensis. (Prare XI. fig. 2.)
Piatyplectrurus madurensis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 167,
and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 38; Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 274 (1890).
Very closely allied to the preceding, but head-shields rather shorter
and supraoculars not longer than the prefrontals. Diameter of
body 28 to 42 times in the total length. Ventrals 158-175 ; sub-
caudals 10-15. In one of the specimens the temporal is anoma-
lously fused with the fourth labial. Above a nacreous purplish
brown; ventrals and the two adjoining series of scales on each side
white in the centre, purplish brown on the borders.
Total length 350 millim.
Pulney and Travancore Hills (4000-6000 feet).
a, b-d. 3 (V. 158; C.15)& Pulney Hills, 6000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.].
Oi VeL70;175, 165; ©. (Types.)
10, 10).
3. Platyplectrurus sanguineus.
Plectrurus sanguineus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Se.
1867, p. 14, fig.; Zheob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 136 (1876).
Platyplectrurus hewstoni, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 701.
Plectrurus seabricauda, Theob. 1. ¢.
Teretrurus sanguineus, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886,
. 28. ;
: travancoricus, Beddome, 1. e. p. 29.
Platyplectrurus sanguineus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 274 (1890).
Snout obtuse; rostral small, visible from above; frontal longer
than broad; supraocular not or scarcely larger than the eye,
as long as or shorter than the prefrontals; temporal about half
the length of the parietals. Diameter of the body 22 to 28 times
in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17
behind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as broad as the contiguous
scales, 120-150. Subcaudals 5-10. Caudal scales smooth or
faintly keeled in the females; all the caudals and the last ventrals
more or less distinctly pluricarinate in the males; tail ending in a
simple compressed point. Brown or purplish red above ; belly red,
uniform or more or less blotched with black.
Total length 220 millim.
Anamallays, Wynad, and Travancore Hills (8000-4700 feet).
af. 3 (V.128; C. 9), 2 Anamallays, 4000ft. Col. Beddome !C.].
(V. 196, 147.131: C6, (Types.)
Smo) oye. (V. 188,
150; C. 9,8).
XENOPELTID&. 167
g-h. Yg. (V. 142, 120; C. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}.
8, 8).
i-k. Q (V. 147, 149; C. Anamallays, 4700 ft. W. Davison, Esq.
7, 8). [P.].
b..2(Ve 123s. C25), Wynad, 3000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type of P. hewstoni.)
m. Q (V.127; 0.7). Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.].
n-g. 6 (V. 182; C. 8) & Travancore hills, Col. Beddome [C. |.
2 (V. 185, 185,180; C. 3000-4000 ft. (Types of 7. travancoricus.)
fi
cP AE
rt. Her, (V. 189, 147; C. High range of Tra- H.8. Ferguson, Esq.
10,10) & yg. (V. 150; C. vancore Hills, [Bal
10).
Fam. 6. XENOPELTIDA.
Imbricate, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
Aglyphodontes Holodontiens, part., Duméril, Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii.
p- 424, 1858,
Tortricid, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 18, 1863.
Xenopeltidz, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 230.
Xenopeltide, Gunther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180, 1864.
Xenopeltidxe, Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, xxiii. p. 482, 1886,
Xenopeltide, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 275, 1890.
Cranial bones more or less solidly united; transpalatine present ;
pterygoid extending to quadrate ; supratemporal present, suspending
quadrate ; prefrontal in contact with nasal. Mandible without
coronoid bone. Teeth in jaws, palate, and premaxillary.
A single genus, inhabiting South-eastern Asia.
1. XENOPELTIS.
Xenopeltis, Reinw. in Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 564; Dum, § Bibr. Erp.
Gén. vii. p. 28 (1854); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1864) ;
Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 57 (1865); Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 276
(1890).
Tortrix, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1887).
Teeth small, equal, closely set, and very numerous (4 on each
side of the premaxillary, 33-38 in each maxillary, 85 or 36 in
each ramus of the mandible). Dentary bone attached loosely
to the apex of the articular and movable on it. Head not
distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil.
Nostril between two small nasals; frontal in contact with a
large agygous interparietal shield, which is in the middle between
four parietals. A mental groove. Body cylindrical; scales smooth,
in 15 rows; ventrals large; tail short, subcaudals in two rows.
South-eastern Asia.
XENOPELTIDA.
Fig. 10.
L
pet i Fy ie ae a (ste
168
Zonet
WORM Happs, =
~ —_
<=
igor
PPPTD,
Skull of Xenopeltis unicolor.
1. Xenopeltis unicolor.
Xenopeltis unicolor, Reinw, in Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 564; Cantor, Cat.
Mal. Rept. p. 54 (1847); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 28 (1854) ; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 57, 1. 9, pl. v.
(1865) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 140 (1876); Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 276, fig. (1890).
— concolor, Rernw. l. c.
leucocephala, Rein. 7. c.
Tortrix xenopeltis, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 20, pl. i. figs. 8-10, and
Abbild. pl. xxxv. (1844).
Head much depressed, snout rounded; frontal as long as its
distance from the rostral; supraocular small, smaller than the
upper postocular ; a single large procular or loreal shield; two
postoculars, upper largest; eight upper labials, first in contact
with the internasal, fourth and fifth entering the eye; a pair of
very small chin-shields, in contact with the three anterior lower
Ventrals 166-193; anal divided ;
labials. Scales in 15 rows.
subcaudals 26-31. Black or brown above, highly iridescent, scales
with lighter edges, white beneath ; head whitish in the young.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 100.
S. India, Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago,
169
COLUBRID,
a. Ad. (V..190; C. 29). Siam. Sir R. Schomburgk
Pl.
b. Ad. (V. 190; C. 29). Siam.
G Ad. (Vo ifes Co ab), Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.].
d. Yg., bad state. Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
ej. Ads ee her. (¥. 176, ° Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C. |.
179; C. 29, 29).
4 Ad. (V. 184; C. 31). Borneo. H. Low, Esq. | P. |.
Tae (V. 181; C. 28). Borneo. Sir J. Brooke [P
Ad. & her. (V. 191, Celebes.
iy C. 30, 28).
l. Ye. (V. 173; C. 30). P Haslar Hospital.
m. Ad., skel. ? Lieut. Bevan ([P.].
nm. Skull. Java.
Fam. 7. COLUBRIDA. ~-
_Hydri, Pseudoviperze, Colubrini, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 49, 1811.
Colubroidea, Bungaroidea, Viperoidea, part., Fitzinger, Neue Classif.
Rept. p. 11, 1826.
Macrostomata, part., (Oligodonta, Isodonta, part., Heterodonta, Am-
phibola, Antiochalina, part., Holochalina, part.), J. Miiller, Zeitschr.
Ff. Physiol. iy. p. 270, 1831.
Hydride, part., Colubride, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 2, 1849.
Agiyphodontes, part., Opisthozlyphes, Protéroglyphes, Duméril,
Mém, Ac, Sc, xxiii. p. 419, 1853; Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén.
vil. 1854.
Asinea, part. (Glyphodonta, Colubrina, Calamarina, Acrochordina),
Stannius, Zoot. Amph. p. 5, 1856.
Colubrinz, part., Giinther, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 1, 1858.
Asinea, part., Proteroglypha, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 230.
Colubriformes, part., Colubriformes venenosi, Giinther, Rept. Brit,
Ind, pp. 168 & 837, 1864,
Asinea, part. (Acrochordidse, Nothopidee, Colubride, part., Acon-
tiophide), Proteroglypha, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxiii.
p. 479, 1886.
Colubride, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 234, 1890.
Facial bones movable; prefrontal not in contact with nasal ;
transpalatine present ; pteryg goid extending to mandible or quad-
rate ; supratemporal present, attached scale-like to the skull and
suspendin g quadrate ;
pendicularly to the transpalatine.
maxillary horizontal, not movable per-
Mandible without coronoid
bone. Both jaws toothed.
Divided into three parallel series :—
All the teeth solid, not grooved.
B. OpisruoetypHa,—One or more of the posterior maxillary teeth
grooved.
A. AGLYPHA.
C. PROTEROGLYE pxa.—Anterior maxillary teeth grooved or “ per-
forated.”
170 COLUBRID.
Fig. 11.
a pt i ae $0 ¢0
i i
‘
prt
7
nC -
R 4
N prf. ‘
& 7A
SY V4
ad-iX a
A
SS
——
AS
WGA
RES
Skull of Tropidonotus natrix.
Series A. AGLYPHA.
Divided into three subfamilies :—
1. Acrochordine.—The postfrontal bone produced over the supra-
orbital region. Scales not or but slightly imbricate.
2. Colubrine.—Postfrontal bone not produced over the supra-
orbital region. Scales usually imbricate. Teeth on the
entire length of the maxillary and dentary bones.
3. Rhachiodontine.—Teeth rudimentary ; maxillary and dentary
bones edentulous anteriorly.
Beyond these three subfamilies I am unable to divide the Agly-
phous Colubride into groups (higher than genera) that may be
regarded as natural and capable of definition. I have, however,
arranged the genera of Colubrine in two series according to the
presence or absence of hypapophyses or hzemal processes on the
posterior dorsal vertebra. This point (see fig. 12) is easily
ascertained by making an incision along the belly in the posterior
fifth of the body, pushing aside the viscera, and disarticulating the
why
. *
SS eee
io”
COLUBRID. 171
rhachis by bending the body dorsally. The application of this
character, first employed for taxonomic purposes by Prof. Cope,
but which had not hitherto been tested in a thorough manner,
leads to some unexpected results as to the aflinities of many genera
and species the position of which appeared somewhat problematical.
Thus all the Madagascar Colubrine have the hypapophyses deve-
loped throughout the vertebral column, and thus differ from the
Posterior dorsal vertebrse of :—
A. Lioheterodon madagascariensis. B. Heterodon nasicus.
a. Back view. 6. Lower view. c. Side view.
American genera Liophis, Heterodon, Dromicus, &e., with which
they have long been associated, although, indeed, a careful com-
parison of rnal structure alone shows these views to
have been upon very superficial resemblances. As
egraded forms which have hitherto been
de, I have endeavoured, as far as possible,
rer neighbourhood to such more powerful
Snakes, far as the value of their characters can
be corr, , there is reason to believe they are derived.
eptophorus are placed near Tropidonotus and
y Cope, Simotes and Oligodon near Coronella,
same way as in the family Boide the genera
Charina, Bolieria, and Erebophis have been
g the Boas, and Lowxocemus and Calabaria
s instead of being grouped together as “Erycide.”
he Boas the course followed is so obviously in
the spirit of a natural classification, that I do
ny objection being raised against it. It has been
y out the same principle in dealing with the large
ifficult group of the Colubride.
172 COLUBRID&.
Subfam. 1. ACROCHORDINAL.
Hydrophide, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
Hydride, part. (Achrochordina, Xenodermina), Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 35,
1849.
Acrochordiens, Duméril, Mém. Ae. Sc. xxiii. p. 485, 1853; Du-
méril § Bibr on, Erp. Gén. vii. p- 32, 1854.
Acrochordide, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 106, 1863.
Acrochordid, Cope, ProcAc: Pritad. 1864, p. 231.
Acrochordidee, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 335, 1864.
Nothopidee, Cope, Proc. ’ Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 202,
Acrocnordidse, Nothopidee, Cope, Proc. Amer. Plilos. Soc, xxiii.
p. 484, 1886.
Acrochordine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 354, 1890.
Postfrontal bone produced over the supraorbital region. Maxil-
lary and dentary bones armed with solid teeth along their whole
length; palatines and pterygoids toothed. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column. Scales not or but slightly
imbricate,
South-eastern Asia and Central America.
Fig. 13.
Skull of Chersydrus granulatus, ef ©
Synopsis of the Genera.
I. No ventral shields ; head covered with
Body scarcely eed 1 55 eae if ies
Body and tail compressed, with a fold below.
2. 73.
II. Ventral shields well developed ; head ¢ i
Fea qi ROUVE 2): Weng Sep Mes AUS ee ore 3 3. Ke
III. Ventral shields well developed; head
shields.
Subcandals single ; prefrontal and supraocular shi
4. Stolic
Subcaudals in two rows ; no prefrontal or supraocu
5. Nothop
1. ackocHorDUS.—2. CHERSYDRUS. 173
)
1. ACROCHORDUS.
Acrochordus, Hornstedt, Abh. Acad. Stockholm, viii. 1787, p. 307 ;
Daud. Rept. vii. p. 888 (1803); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 61 (1849) ; Dum.
§ Bibr. Erp, Gén, vii. p. 34 (1854); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 835
(1864).
Acrochordus, part., Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 424 (1887).
Potamophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75.
Teeth subequal, about 15 in each maxillary. Head not distinct
from neck, small, covered with granular juxtaposed scales ; nostrils
close together on the top of the snout; eye very small, with ver-
tically subelliptic pupil. Body stout, slightly compressed ; scales
very small, tubercular, spinose; no ventral shields. Tail short,
subeylindrical, prehensile.
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; New Guinea.
1. Acrochordus javanicus.
Acrochordus javanicus, Hornstedt, Abh. Acad. Stockh. viii. 1787,
p. 307, pl. xii. ; Shaw, Nat. Miscell. v. pl. exlyiii. (—?); Daud.
Rept. vii. p. 390, pl. xi. fig. 42 (1803) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p. 428 (1887), and Abbild. pl. xvii. figs. 12-14 (1839); Cantor,
Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 58 (1847); Gray, Cat. p. 62 (1849); Dum. &
Bibr. vii. p. 35 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 1, pl. iv. (1860) ; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 356 (1864); 2. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel,
viii. 1887, p. 267.
dubius, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 575, pl. exxix. (1802).
Potamophis javanica, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii, 1852, p. 75.
Head-scales very small, rough, larger and flat towards the mouth;
no shields of any kind. About 120 scales round the body, dorsals
largest. Brown or olive above, more or less distinctly spotted,
striped, or marbled with black ; lighter beneath.
Total length 1300 millim. ; tail 180.
Malay Peninsula, Java, New Guinea.
dy, Ne to Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
ce. Ad., stffd. E. Indies. K. India Company.
d, e. Many yg. EK. Indies. I. India Company.
Sy? bebe K. Indies. are
hav Java. Dr. Bleeker.
i. 6. Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.].
k-m. 9, her., & yg. Fly River, New Rev. S. Macfarlane
Guinea. (C.].
2. CHERSYDRUS.
Hydrus, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 253 (1799).
Chersydrus, Cuv. Regne Anim. ii. p. 75 (1817); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 60
(1849); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén., vii. p. 40 (1854) ; Giinth. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 336 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 355 (1890).
174 COLUBRID®.
Acrochordus, part., Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. vp. 424 (1837).
Potamophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb, ii. 1852, p. 75.
Teeth subequal, 12 to 15 in each maxillary. Head not distinct
from neck, small, covered with granular, juxtaposed scales; nostrils
close together on the top of the snout; eye very small, with ver-
tically subelliptic pupil. Body stout, compressed; scales very
small, juxtaposed, rhomboidal, with a short tubercle-like keel,
spinose on the belly; no ventral shields; a fold of the skin
running along the median line of the abdomen, ‘Tail short, com-
pressed, prehensile, scaled like the body.
Mouths of rivers and coasts of South-eastern Asia and Papuasia.
1. Chersydrus granulatus.
Hydrus granulatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. 1. p. 245 (1799).
Acrochordus fasciatus, Shaw, Zool. ili. p. 576, pl. exxx. (1802) ;
Schieg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 429, pl. xiv. figs. 14-16 (1837).
Pelamis granulatus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 370 (1803),
Acrochordus granulatus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 59 (1847).
Chersydrus granulatus, Gray, Cat. p. 61 (1849) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 336 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 186 (1876) ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 355, fig. (1890).
annulatus, Gray, l. c.
Potamophis fasciata, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75.
Chersydrus fasciatus, Dum. § Bubr. vii. p. 41 (1854).
No rostral shield; a series of slightly enlarged shields on each
lip, separated from the oral border by a series of minute scales ; no
chin-shields. About 100 scales round the body, dorsals largest.
Dark olive or blackish, with pale cross bands or annuli, which may
become indistinct in the adult.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 100.
From Southern India and Cochin China to New Guinea.
a-b. Her. 9. Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. )
(eal: ( (Typés of C.
Go Vie Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. € annulatus.)
J
d-e. Hgr. Ceylon.
ence Bassein R., Burma. W. Theobald, Esq. {C.}.
ge Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
h. Her. Q. Singapore. ate an (Types of C.
Lars Sumatra. Leyden Museum. iat
k-l. 9. Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.].
m-n. 2 & her. Manilla. Dr. Collingwood [ P.1.
o-p. 2 & her. Manilla Bay. J.J. Walker, Esq. [P.].
B® Philippines. H. J. Veitch, Esq. [ P.].
er D. Java.
Ss Fly R., New Guinea. Rey. 8. Macfarlane [C.].
#. Ad., skull. Java.
Or
3. XENODERMUS.—4, STOLICZKAIA. ‘Wi
3. KXENODERMUS.
Xenodermus, Reinh. Overs. Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 1836, p. 6; Wiegm.
Arch. f. Nat. 1837, p. 156; Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1843,
p:. 257; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 81 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén.
vii. p. 45 (1854).
Gonionotus, Gray, in Stokes's Discov. in Austral. i. p. 502 (1846).
Teeth subequal, about 15 in each maxillary. Head distinct
from neck, covered with granular juxtaposed scales ; nostrils
directed forwards, in an undivided nasal; eye moderate, with round
pupil. Body slender, compressed, with small juxtaposed keeled
scales and longitudinal rows of large tubercles; ventrals well
developed. Tail long, with single subcaudals.
Java; Sumatra; Pinang.
1. Kenodermus javanicus.
Xenodermus javanicus, Reh. Overs. Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 1836,
p: 6, and Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1848, p. 257, pl. ii. figs. 1-8 ;
Gray, Cat. p. 81 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 45, pl. Lxiii. "(1854).
Gonionotus plumbeus, Gray, ix Stokes’s Discov. in Austral. i. p. 508,
pl. iv. (1846).
Xenoderma javanicum, F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887,
p- 268.
Rostral small, triangular, not visible from above ; nasals meeting
behind the point of the rostral, followed by two pairs of small
shields; labials scarcely enlarged, about 20 on each side ; no chin-
shields. About 40 scales across the body; the tubercles disposed
in pairs alternating with single ones on the vertebral line, and
forming a single series along each side of the back. Ventrals’
173-185; anal entire; subcaudals 147. Dark brown above,
lighter beneath. .
Total length 350 millim.; tail 135.
Java, Sumatra, Pinang.
a. do (V. 178; C. 147). Java. (Type of Gontonotus plumbeus.)
4. STOLICZKATIA.
Stoliczkia, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 81; He Faun.
Ind. , Rept. p. 354 (1890).
Teeth small, subequal, about 14 in each maxillary. Head
distinct from neck, covered with large shields; nostrils directed
forwards ; nasal shield undivided; eye small, with round pupil.
Body slender, compressed ; scales elliptical, juxtaposed, strongly
keeled, increasing in size towards the ventrals, which are well
developed. Tail Jong; subcaudals single.
Khasi Hills, N.E. India.
176 COLUBRID”.
1. Stoliczkaia khasiensis.
Stoliczkia khasiensis, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 81;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 205 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 355, fig. (1890).
Rostral extremely small, not visible from above; a pair of small
internasals ; a pair of very large prefrontals ; frontal broader than
long and shorter than the preefrontals ; supraocular very narrow ;
parietals nearly twice as long as the frontal; a small loreal; a
large preocular and two postoculars; eight upper labials, fifth and
sixth entering the eye, eighth much elongate; temporals small,
scale-like ; a single pair of small chin-shields, in contact with three
lower labials. Scales in 30 rows, dorsals separated by naked skin,
laterals larger and juxtaposed. Ventrals 210; anal entire; sub-
caudals 115. Purplish brown above; three or four outer rows of
scales and ventrals white with brown edges.
Total length 670 millim. ; tail 190.
Khasi Hills.
aor CV E210 SCO 115). Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [ P.].
(Type.)
5. NOTHOPSIS.
Nothopsis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 201.
Teeth subequal, about 12 in each maxillary. Head distinct
from neck, covered with small scales above, except a pair of inter-
nasals in contact with nasals and rostral, an isolated median
frontal, and a pair of small oval parietals, each also entirely sur-
rounded by small scales; nostril in a single nasal; eye rather
small, with round pupil. Body slender, compressed, with small,
feebly imbricate, keeled scales; ventrals well developed, angulate
on the sides. Tail rather long ; subcaudals in two rows.
Central America.
1. Nothopsis rugosus.
Nothopsis rugosus, Cope, /. ¢. pl. xvii. figs. 1-7.
Rostral subtriangular, not visible from above; frontal shield
broad cordate, the apex posterior, divided in front by a median
suture ; parietals narrow, separated by a single series of scales;
upper labials small, 12; a pair of very small chin-shields. . Scales
in 29 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 158; anal entire;
subeaudals about 65. Brown, yellowish on the sides ; sides with
dark brown triangular blotches edged with yellow; belly yellow,
with small brown spots.
Total length 381 millim. :
Isthmus of Darien.
COLUBRIN 2. ) Lie
A aq Tr OANA
Subfam. 2. COLUBRLNA.
Coronelle, part., Hydrophide, part., Colubrini, part., Dendrophide,
part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
Calamariens, Plagiodontiens, Isodontiens, Colubriens, Lycodontiens,
ade (Lycodoniens, Boédoniens, Eugnathiens, Paréasiens, part.),
eptognathiens, part. Syncrantériens, Diacrantériens, Duméril,
Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. p. 427, 1853; Duméril §& Bibron, Erp. Gén.
vil. p. 25, 1854.
Coryphodontiens, Duméri § Bibron, 1. e.
Calamaride, part., Coronellide, part., Natricide, Colubride,
Dryadidee, part., Dendrophide, part., Lycodontidee, Giinther, Cat.
Col. Sn. 1858.
Calamaride, part., Probletorhinide, part., Coronellide, part., Colu-
bride, Potamophilide, part., Dryophilide, part., Lycodontidee,
Dipsadidee, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. 1865.
Calamaride, part., Oligodontide, Colubride, part., Dendrophide,
part., Lycodontidee, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 169, 1864.
Acontiophide, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1875, p. 232.
Trimerorhini, part., Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. ui. p. 118, 1882.
Calamarine, part., Coronellinee, Colubrine, Lycodontinsee, Homa-
lopsin, part., Acontiophide, Cope, Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc, xxiii.
p. 484, 1886.
Colubrine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 278, 1890.
Postfrontal bone not produced over the supraorbital region.
Maxillary and dentary bones armed with solid teeth along their
whole length ; palatines and pterygoids usually toothed *. Scales
usually imbricate.
Cosmopolitan ; but very scantily represented in Australia.
Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Hypapophyses present throughout the vertebral column, repre-
sented on the posterior dorsal yvertebree by a more or less
developed crest or tuvercle projecting below the condyle (see
fig. 12, A, p. 171).
A. Dentary bone attached loosely to the apex of the articular
and freely movable on it (see fig. 14, p. 181); teeth very
numerous and closely set, equal, 30 to 50 in each maxillary.
Eye moderate or rather small, with round pupil; scales smooth,
WItHOUh PURINE Pe... ee eee 6. Letyedontephis, p. 181.
B. Dentary bone not or but slightly movable on the articular,
ik Maxillary teeth equal, 20 to 30; anterior mandibular teeth
enlarged ; eye moderate or large, with round pupil.
Scales smooth, without pits ...... 7. Dromicodryas, p. 189.
Sennen ee en ee UU EEIEnIEEIEEIIINNSnSSENEESEEE EST |
* Unless the contrary be stated in the generic diagnoses, the palatine and
pterygoid bones are understood to be armed with teeth; the vomers are con-
stantly toothless, and so is the premaxillary in all Snakes, except some of the
Boide and Ilysiide and Xenopeltis.
VOL. I. : N
178 COLUBRID.
Scales keeled, without pits; nostril in a single nasal.
8. Xenochrophis, p. 191.
2. Maxillary teeth minute posteriorly, much larger ante-
riorly ; eye rather large, with round pupil.
Seales keeled . 2 sco sete 9. Prymnomiodon, p. 192.
3. Posterior maxillary teeth longest; mandibular teeth sub-
equal; eye moderate or large, with round pupil; a pair
of internasal shields.
a. Scales forming longitudinal series throughout the body.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 40, forming a continuous series.
10. Tropidonotus, p. 192.
Maxillary teeth 14 to 22, the last two very large fangs separated
from the rest by an interspace ; snout rounded; scales keeled. _
11. Macropisthodon, p. 265.
Maxillary teeth 12 to 14, the last two very lerge fangs separated
from the rest by an interspace; snout pointed, projecting ; scales
BTAGObM a). sk. \./s soca epreoshees toes 12. Lioheterodon, p. 268.
b. Scales disposed obliquely on the anterior part of the
body.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 28 ........ 13. Pseudoxenodon, p. 270..
4. Posterior maxillary teeth longest; eye moderate or small,
with round pupil; a single internasal shield.
Mandibular teeth subequal; nostril in a semidivided nasal; scales ,
WALMOWE pIts ./3;-t sie ls oo anne 14.’ Helicops, p. 272.
Mandibular teeth decreasing in size posteriorly ; nostril between two
nasals ; scales with apical pits .. 15. Hydrethiops, p. 280.
5. Maxillary teeth subequal; mandibular teeth equal or an-
terior somewhat enlarged; eye small or rather small,
with round or vertically elliptic pupil.
a. Labial shields not entering the nostril ; subcaudalsin two
rows.
a. Maxillary bone extending forwards beyond the pala-
tines.
* Scales keeled ; a preocular; nostrils on upper surface
of snout.
Maxillary teeth strong, about 30 .. 16. Tretanorhinus, p. 281.
Maxillary teeth small, 20 to 25 .. 17. Opisthotropis, p. 283.
** Scales keeled; one or two preoculars ; nostrils
lateral.
Maxillary teeth 14 to 18 ........ 18. Ischnognathus, p. 236.
COLUBRIN 4. 179
*** Scales keeled; loreal and prefrontal entering the
eye.
f Scales not striated ; pupil round.
A pair of internasals ............ 19. Amphiardis, p. 290.
BUSINGIA IMTOMMASHL 666 6 sie ees 20. Haldea, p. 290.
TT Scales striated; pupil subelliptic.
A pair of internasals ............ 21. Streptophorus, p. 291.“
**** Scales smooth.
t+ Loreal and preeocular present.
Nostril an oblique slit between two nasals ; pupil round.
23. Hydrablabes, p. 296. /
Nostril between two nasals ; pupil vertically subelliptic.
24, Trachischium, p. 297.
Nostril in a semidivided nasal ; pupil vertically subelliptic.
25. Rhabdops, p. 300.
tT No loreal; a large semidivided nasal in contact
with a prieocular.
Dorsal scales oblique ............ 26. Plagiopholis, p. 301.
f+rt Loreal and prefrontal entering the eye.
Maxillary teeth 30 to 35 ; pupil vertically subelliptic.
27. Oxyrhabdium, p. 302.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 25; pupil round.
28. Xylophis, p. 303.
t+ttt No loreal; a single small nasal; preocular
present or absent.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 22; pupil vertically subelliptic.
29. Brachyorrhus; p. 305.
3. Maxillary bone not extending forwards beyond the
palatines; scales keeled; loreal and prefrontal
entering the eye.
Maxillary teeth about 10; scales striated; a single prefrontal.
: 22. Chersodromus, p. 295.
Maxillary teeth about 20 ; scales not striated ; a pair of preefrontals.
30. Elapoides, p. 306.
b. Labial shields not entering the nostril; subcaudal shields
sngle.
Scales keeledicetg cs oss <0 ok « 31. Achalinus, p. 308.
N 2
180 COLUBRID”.
c. Nostril between two small nasals and the first labial.
Scales keeled ; subcaudals single .. 32. Haplocercus, p. 309.
Scales smooth ; subcaudals single.. 33. Aspidura, p. 310.
Scales smooth ; subcaudals paired.. 34. Blythia, p. 313.
6. Posterior maxillary teeth enlarged; anterior mandibular
teech much larger than the posterior; eye small, with
round pupil.
Scales smooth, without pits ...... 35. Pseudoxyrhopus, p. 314.
7. Maxillary teeth equal; anterior mandibular tecth larger
than the posterior ; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic
pupil; scales with apical pits.
Scales keeled ; no loreal shield .... 36. Lycognathophis, p. 317.
Seales:smiooth... .-. « Sact.se iste 37. ‘Ablabophis, p. 318.
8. Posterior maxillary and mandibular teeth smallest; eye
moderate or rather small, pupil usually vertically elliptic.
a. Maxillary teeth forming a continuous series.
a. No loreal pit.
Scales smooth, without pits ; pupil round.
38. Tetralepis, p. 319.
Scales smooth, without pits; pupil vertically subelliptic.
39, Lamprophis, p. 320.
Seales keeled, with apical] pits, the middle row enlarged and bica-
TUMADO c yoo cats as Se aes - Oe 40, Gonionotophis, p. 323.
2. Loreal region with a pit ; scales without pits.
Seales keeled (orc7.(. 0% «acco serene 41. Bothrophthalmus, p. 324.
Scales Smooth 2535 oc. oe ete 42.° Bothrolycus, p. 325.
6. Enlarged anterior maxillary teeth separated from the
small teeth by an interspace.
a. Scales equal, smooth, with apical pits.
Nostril between two nasals ; pupil round.
43. Cyclocorus, p. 326.
Nostril between two nasals; pupil vertical.
44, Boodon, p. 327.
Nostril in a single nasal, followed by a small postnasal; pupil
vertical: <. Weegee. pee ee 45, Lycophidium, p. 336.
3. Seales without pits, middle row enlarged.
Body compressed; scales smooth .. 46. *Hormonotus, p. 343.
Body cylindrical; scales keeled .. 47. Simocephalus, p°344.
II. Hypanophyses absent in the posterior dorsal vertebree, the lower
surface of which is’smooth or with a low keel (see fig. 12, B,
pi 71).
(‘The Synopsis to be continued in the second volume.]| _,
6. POLYODONTOPHIS. 181
6. POLYODONTOPHIS.
Herpetodryas, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 173 (1837).
Enicognathus (non G. Gray), Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 328 (1854).
Ablabes, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 27 -(1858), and Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 223 (1864).
Enicognathus, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 266.
Henicognathus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 138.
Henicognathus, part., Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 625 (1886).
Polyodontophis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 301 (1890).
Teeth very numerous and closely set, 30 to 50 in each maxillary,
equal in size. Dentary bone completely detached from the articular
posteriorly. Head short, not or but slightly distinct from neck * ;
eye moderate or rather small, with round pupil. Body cylindrical,
elongate; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows.
' Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral column.
Madagascar and Comoro Islands; South-eastern Asia; Central
America.
Fig. 14.
——~_ i
a
7 lias LAR we Seen a a
een ee,
Maxillary and mandible of Polyodontophis collaris.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. 30 to 32 teeth in each maxillary ; 8 upper labials, fourth and
fifth entering the eye ; subcaudals 65-99.
A. Scales in 17 rows.
Loreal deeper than long; frontal consider-
ably shorter than the parietals ........ 1. rhodogaster, p. 182.
Loreal as deep us long, or longer than deep ;
frontal but slightly shorter than the
(DG) Ta ae el 2. torquatus, p. 183,
By poales in, 19) rows |. 63 63356. 3. mayottensis, p. 183.
Il. 37 to 50 teeth in each maxillary.
A. Upper border of rostral shield just visible from above.
1. 9 or 10 upper labials.
* Unless otherwise stated in the generic diagnoses, the upper head-shields
are understood to be normal—viz., to consist of a rostral, a pair of internasals,
a pair of prefrontals, a frontal, a pair of parietals, and, on each side, a supra-
ocular, one or two nasals, a loreal, one or more prae- and postoculars, temporals,
and several labials. The presence of suboculars is usually considered as a
merely specific character, e. g. Tropidonotus.
182 COLUBRID.
a. Parietal not in contact with the lower postocular; sub-
caudals 102-131.
Rostral not twice as broad as deep...... 4. sumichrasti, p. 183.~
Rostral twice as broad as deep ........ 5. collaris, p. 184.
b. Parietal in contact with both postoculars.
Nubcandals 89-145 .. 2... 2250s ee ees 6. geminatus, p. 185.
Subcaudals 47-716 sick eve opt wee eee 7. subpunctatus, p. 186.
2. 7 or 8 upper labials ; subcaudals
DO= (Orie tele esa eee 8. sagittarius, p. 187.
B. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring two fifths its
distance from the frontal.
9 or 10 upper labials ; subcaudals 73-75. 9. bistrigatus, p. 188.
8 or 9 upper labials ; subcaudals more than «
DOL) ers eeiRe aR MERI Sk 5 cg 10. annulatus, p. 189.
1. Polyodontophis rhodogaster.
Herpetodryas rhodogaster, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 193 (1887).
Enicognathus rhodogaster, part., Dum. § Bibi. vii. p. 332, pl. Ixxx.
fig. 2 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1868, p. 273, and
Icon. Gén. 16, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1866); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Gies. xi.
1877, p. 8.
Polyodontophis rhodogaster, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 302
(1890).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; suture
between the internasals shorter than that between the preefrontals ;
frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, con-
siderably shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one
preocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ;
temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the
eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are as long as or alittle shorter than the posterior. Scales in
17 rows. Ventrals 175-188; anal divided; subcaudals 77-84.
Pale brown above, with a darker vertebral stripe, three scales wide,
edged on each side by a black line; a dark brown streak along
each side, on the second row of scales ; upper surface of head dark
brown, with a yellowish spot on the outer side of the parietal
shields; upper lips yellowish white, with a few black dots, and
edged with black above ; throat and lower surface of neck yellowish
white, dotted with black ; belly and lower surface of tail bright
pink in the middle, yellow on the sides; a series of black dots may
be present on each side of the belly.
Total length 650 millim. ; tail 170.
Madagascar.
a-c. 3 (V. 188; C. 77), 9 Madagascar.
ye
77
(V. 186; C. 73), & >
(V.176; C, 84),
6. POLYODONTOPHIS. 183
2. Polyodontophis torquatus.
Enicognathus rhodogaster, part., Dum. § Bibr. vil. p. 532 (1854) ;
Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1868, p. 273, and Icon. ap 16,
pl. ili. fig. 1 (1866); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 8
Coronella torquata, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, D: 108,
pl. v. fig. 3.
Apart from a different coloration this species may be distinguished
from the preceding in its more elongate head; the loreal is as long
as deep or longer than deep; and the frontal, which is much longer
than its distance from the end of the snout, is but slightly shorter
than the parietals. Ventrals 144-200; subcaudals 65-95. Brown
‘above, uniform or with small black spots arranged in longitudinal
series ; sometimes a dark line along the middle series of scales; a
more or less distinct dark cross band behind the parietals; a
whitish, black-edged streak along the upper lip; throat brown, with
white, dark-edged markings; belly and lower surface of tail
yellowish or pink, with more or less numerous brown or black dots.
Total length 610 millim.; tail 170.
Madagascar.
pes (V. 181; C. 65). Near Tamantave. Rev. W. Deans Cowan St
. 6 (V. 172; C. 74). Ankafana, Bet- Rev. W. Deans Cowan {C.].
sileo.
e-d. $ (V. 167; C. 79) Antongil Bay. L. H. Ransome, Esq. [P.j.
& yg. (V. 181; C. 72).
e. d (V. 144; C.71). —Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.].
goer (V. 186 ; C. 67). Madagascar. Rev. R. Baron[{C.]. (Type.)
g: So (W170); 0. 78). Madagascar.
3. Polyodontophis mayottensis. |
Ablabes (Enicognathus) rhodogaster, var, mayottensis, Peters, Mon.
Berl. Ac, 1873, p. 793.
Closely allied to the preceding, but 19 rows of scales, 199 ven-
trals, and 99 subcandals. Coloration similar to P. rhodogaster, but
fine yellowish cross-lines on the nape, which bears no dark collar.
Mayotta, Comoro Islands.
4. Polyodontophis sumichrasti.
Henicognathus sumichrasti, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 628,
pl. xh. fie. 5 (1886).
Rhadinwa sumichrasti, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32,1887, p. 79.
Polyodontophis sumichrasti, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 302
(1890).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; suture
between the internasals a little shorter than that between the pre-
frontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
a little shorter than the parietals; loreal square; one preocular ;
two postoculars, only the upper in contact with the parietal ;
184 COLUBRID.
temporals 24-2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth
entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are about the same size as the posterior. Scales
in 17 rows. Ventrals 181; anal divided; subcaudals 112. Yel-
lowish-olivé above, with three brown longitudinal streaks on the
anterior part of the body ; further back, these streaks break up into
series of small spots and disappear towards the middle of the body ;
a dark brown band between the eyes and another across the occiput,
behind the parietals ; a whitish dark-edged streak along the upper
lip ; yellowish white inferiorly, throat and anterior ventrals with
brown dots; a brown dot at the outer end of each ventral or sub-
caudal shield.
Total length 528 millim.; tail 171.
Tehuantepec.
Chyw eh 4
5. Polyodontophis collaris. (Puiare XII. fig. 1.)
Psammophis collaris, Gray, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (2) xii. 1853,
. 390,
MARES collaris, Giinth. Cat. p. 28 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 228 (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 480 ;
Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 171, and An. Zool. Res. Yunnan,
Rept. p. 810 (1879).
sinensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 220.
Polyodontophis collaris, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 302 (1890).
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; suture
between the internasals shorter than that between the preefrontals ;
frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long”
as or shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as or a little longer
than deep; one preocular; two postoculars, only the upper in
contact with the parietal; temporals 1 (or 2) + 2; nine or ten
upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as
the posterior. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 159-190 ; anal divided ;
subcaudals 102-131. Brown above, vertebral region greyish, usually
with a series of small round black spots, or with a dark stripe;
head with small black spots or vermiculations above, and two black
cross bands, one across the posterior part of the frontal and supra-
oculars, the other across the occiput ; a large black nuchal spot or
_ eross band, bordered with yellow posteriorly ; a black line from the
nostril to the nuchal spot, passing through the eye, bordering the
white black-dotted upper lip. Lower parts yellowish, each ventral
with an outer black spot or streak, which may be confluent on the
posterior part of the body ; anterior ventrals with a pair of median
dots in addition.
Total length 760 millim.; tail 235,
Himalayas (to 10,000 feet) as far west as Simla; Assam, Aracan,
Upper Burma, 8. China.
a-b. 3 (V.173; C.?)& Khasi Hills, SirJ, Hooker[{P.]. (Types.)
her. (V. 172; C. 102),
6, POLYODONTOPHIS. 185
e-g. 3 (V. 166; C.118), 9 Khasi Hills. TT. C. Jerdon, Esq. (ey.
(V. 177, 174; C. 125, 105),
& her. (V.174, 165; ©. ?,
131).
h. & (V.179; C. 102). Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Eq. pt
t. 2 (V. 180; C. 110). Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [ P. }.
Rea Gauvs Loos. Cust )e Himalayas. Col. Beddome tet
ke Gah 168 -C, 121). Burma. Col. Beddome |C. }. «
m. 6 (V. 176; C. 111). Burma. W. Theobald, Esq. [:
m2 (Vo18t3 Cen): Ichang,Upper A. EK. Pratt, Esq. [C. ].
Yang-tse- (Type of A. sinensis.)
Kiang.
o. 2, skel, Darjeeling. W.T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
6. Polyodontophis geminatus.
Coluber geminatus, Bove, Isis, 1826, p. 211.
arercrn melanocephalus, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii, pl. Ixxxili, fig, 2
(1854). .
catenatus, Gray, l. c. pl. Ixxxv. fig. 2.
Herpetodryas geminatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 194 (1837).
prionotus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52.
Enicognathus geminatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 883 (1854); Jan,
Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 277, and Icon. Gén. 16, pl. iv.
fie. 2 (1866). :
Ablabes melanocephalus, Giinth. Cat. p. 28 (1858), and Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 229 (1864), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 590,,
geminatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 29.
Enicognathus javanicus, Bleck. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xvi. 1859,
p. 437; Edeling, op. cit. xxxi. 1870, p. 386.
ornatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 276, and Icon.
Gén. 16, pl. iti. fig. 5, and N. Arch. Mus. ii. 1866, Bull. p. 8.
Ablabes (Enigognathus) flaviceps, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3)
Xvili. 1866, p. 26, pl. vi. fig. B; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xlii. 1873, p. 123. ;
—— (Coronella) ornatus, Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver, Hamb. ix.
1886, p. 8.
aly odorants melanocephalus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 301
(1890); Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 127.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; suture
between the internasals shorter than that between the preefrontals ;
frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than
long; one preocular; two postoculars, both in contaét with the
parietal ; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth
entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are as large as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows.
Ventrals 144-169; anal divided; subeaudals 89-145. Brown or
blackish above, with two lighter longitudinal streaks ; upper lip with
a white, black-edged streak ; lower parts yellowish, with a black
dot or spot at the outer end of each ventral or subcaudal shield.
Total length 410 millim.; tail 155.
Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java.
186 COLUBRID®.
A. Head dark brown, separated from the body by a yellow collar ;
dorsal stripes yellowish. (C. geminatus, Boie.)
eo (N G2. C.P). Java. Leyden Museum.
B. Head dark brown; dorsal stripes yellowish, each with a series of
black spots. (L. melanocephalus, Gray, H. prionotus, Cant.,
FE. ornatus, Jan.)
BiG CV. Loli Cer): Singapore ? Gen. Hardwicke [ P.].
(Type of ZL. melanocephalus.)
c,d. $(V.149; C.103) Singapore ? Gen. Hardwicke [ P. ].
& her. (V. 144; C. P). ,
e. Her. (V. 144; C.98). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P. ].
C. Head yellowish or reddish brown, with yellow black-edged dots ;
body as in the preceding. (ZL. catenatus, Gray, E. javanicus,
Bleek.)
f. Hgr. (V. 145; C.89). Java. Dr. Bleeker.
(Type of E. javanicus.)
g-h. 2(V. 166; C.128) Tengger Mountains, Hr. Fruhstorfer [C. |.
& yg.(V.156;C.145). = Java.
DOV loos Cnr): Sumatra. Zool. Society.
D. Head yellowish-brown ; dorsal stripes bluish grey, each with a
series of small black spots. (A. flaviceps, Gthr.)
k. 2 (V. 147; C. 93). Malay Archipelago. (Type of A. flaviceps.)
Lm. 2 (V. 160, 154; Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq.
Crear). (ued
7. Polydontophis subpunctatus.
Seba, Thes. i. pl. xi. (1734).
Calamaria sagittaria (non Cant.), Jerdon, Journ, As. Soc. Beng.
xxii. 1853, p. 528.
Oligodon subpunctatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 58 (1854) ; Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1868, p. 89; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 208
(1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 48, pl. i. fig. 4 (1876).
Enicognathus melanocephalus, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 380.
Oligodon spinzepunctatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862,
p- 40; Giinth. 1. c.; F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887,
. 262.
Enicognathus humberti, Jan, ¢. c. 1863, p. 275, and Icon, Gén. 16,
pl. iv. fig. 1 (1866).
Ablabes humberti, Giinth. 1. c. p. 228; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xlviii. 1879, p. 115.
Rhadinza melanocephala, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 182.
Polyodontophis subpunctatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 303
(1890).
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep ; suture between the inter-
nasals a little shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the
6, POLYODONTOPHIS. 187
parietals or a little shorter; loreal longer than deep; one pre-
ocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; tem-
porals 1 (or 2)+2; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth, or
fourth, fifth, and sixth, entering the eye; eighth upper labial usually
excluded from the labial margin, simulating a lower anterior
temporal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, the first usually separated from its fellow by the symphy-
sial; posterior chin-shields a little longer than the anterior. Scales
in 17 rows. Ventrals 151-240; anal divided; subcaudals 47-76.
Pale brown above, with a vertebral series of small round black
spots; usually a more or less distinct dark lateral line or series of
dots ; head and nape dark brown or black ; lips, canthus rostralis,
a transverse line between the eyes, and two broad cross bands, one
in front and one behind the nape, yellow; the dark co'our often
extending along the median line, bisecting the yellow collar ; lower
surfaces yellow, each shield with a black dot near its outer border.
From snout to vent 440 millim. ; tail 95.
Peninsular India and Ceylon.
a-b. Hgr. (V. 202, 187; Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.].
C. 62, 63).
G2 Oi (Vigl 74: 0.47): Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. [P.].
d. Hgr. (V. 214; C.51). MadrasPresidency. Col. Beddome [C.].
e-f. 3 (V. 201; C. 63) & Golcondah Hills. Col. Beddome [C. ].
yg. (V. 206, 161; C..64,
66).
g-k. 3 (V. 160; C. 76), Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]}.
her. (V. 195; C. 66), &
yg. (V. 161, 162; ©. 65,
68).
i OHV. Was ‘Ceb4). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq.[P.].
Mm. 2 (V. AGG.) \C. 57), Ceylon. W. 4H. Holdsworth,
Ksq. [C.].
8. Polyodontophis sagittarius.
Calamaria sagittaria, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 49, and Cat.
Mal. Rept. p. 64 (1847). :
Enicognathus grayi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 274,
and Icon. Gén. 16, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1866).
braconnieri, Jan, ll. cc. p. 275, pl. ii. fig. 4.
Ablabes sagittarius, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 227 (1864).
Polyodontophis sagittarius, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 303 (1890).
Rostral not twice as broad as deep; suture between the inter-
nasals shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal longer
than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the |
parietals ; loreal small and longer than deep, or absent; one pre-
ocular ; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; tem-
porals 1+1 or 1+2+1; seven or eight upper labials, third and
fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about as large as
the posterior. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 205-228; anal divided ;
188 . COLUBRID&.
subcaudals 56-70. Yellowish or pale brown above; sides brown
or grey, separated from the pale dorsal region by a black line; a
vertebral series of minute black dots; head and nape dark brown
or black, forehead marbled with yellow, and with a large elongate
oval patch of yellow on each side of the back of the head; the
black nuchal spot more or less distinctly bordered with yellow
behind. Lower surfaces yellow, with a black dot at the outer
extremity of each ventral.
Total length 280 millim. ; tail 60.
West Himalayas, Bengal, Assam, Pinang.
a. 2 (V. 228; C. 64). Chamba, W. Hima- Messrs. v. Schlagin-
laya. tweit [C. ].
6. 3 (V. 213; C. 70). Pinang. Dr. Canto».
e-f. Her. & yg. (V. 215, 205, —- Gen. Hardwicke
212, 209; C. 68, 64, 64, (ee:
57).
g-h. 9 (V. 222, 201; C. —?
56, 67).
9. Polyodontophis bistrigatus. (Prarz XII. fig. 2.)
Ablabes bistrigatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 417;
Theob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 42, and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p- 155 (1876); Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, Rept. p. 811
(1879).
Polyodontophis bistrigatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 804 (1890) ;
W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |x. 1891, p. 234.
Rostral not twice as broad as long, the portion visible from above
measuring two fifths its distance from the frontal; suture between
the internasals shorter than that between the preefrontals ; frontal
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than
the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one pre-
ocular, two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; tem-
porals 1 (or 2)+2; 10 upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth
entering the eye; eighth upper labial usually excluded from the
labial margin, assuming the position of a lower anterior temporal ;
four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 184-186 ;
anal divided; subcaudals 73-75. Back ruddy brown, with a
vertebral series of black dots; head and nape black, emitting a
black band running on each side of the body and tail; a yellow
band on each side of the head, sending off a hook on each supra-
ocular shield, anda pair of yellow spots on the nape. Lower
surfaces uniform yellow.
Total length 300 millim.; tail 80.
Burma, Nicobars.
a. 3 (V. 184; C. 75). Pegu. W. pasobeld, Esq. [C.].
to}
; (Type.)
b. 2 (V. 186; C. 78). Burma, Col. Beddome [C.].
7. DROMICODRYAS. 189
10. Polyodontophis annulatus.
Enicognathus annulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 355, pl. Ixxx. fig. 1
(1854); Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 278, and Icon.
Gén. 16, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1866); Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i.
1868, p. 418; F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 659;
Sumichrast, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880, p. 181.
Henicognathus annulatus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876,
p. 188; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 626, pl. xl. fig. 6 (1886).
Diadophis annulatus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 70 (1883).
Polyodontophis annulatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 302 (1890).
Snout much flattened, truncated ; rostral broader than deep, well
visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ;
frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little
shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than
long; one preocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the
parietal; temporals 1+2 (or 2+8); nine (exceptionally eight)
upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or fourth and fifth) entering
the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows.
Ventrals 1387-157; anal divided ; subcaudals 116-136. Anterior
half of body red, with pairs of black bars enclosing a yellow or
lavender-grey zone; hinder half of-body and tail grey or grey-
brown, with three longitudinal series of small black spots, which may
form stripes posteriorly ; snout brown, back of the head black; a
yellow bar across the interorbital region; belly white, grey, dotted
with black, on the sides.
Total length 610 millim.
Mexico and Guatemalla.
a. (V. 187; C.2). City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.].
Osh (Wa lore, G.P). Vera Paz, low forest. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
7. DROMICODRYAS.
Psammophis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 201 (1837).
Herpetodryas, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 203 (1854) ;
Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 80 (1863).
Maxillary teeth 28 to 30, equal; anterior mandibular teeth
strongly enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck; eye. large,
with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, in
19 rows; ventrals feebly angulate laterally. Taillong; subcaudals
in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral
column.
Madagascar.
1. Dromicodryas bernieri.
Psammophis moliniger, var., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 211 (1837).
Herpetodryas bernierii, Dum. § Brbr. vii. p. 211, pl. lxvi. (1854) ;
Jan, Tcon, Gén, 31, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1869).
bernieri, var. trilineata, part., Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges. xii.
1881, p. 443.
190 COLUBRID.
Head narrow and elongate; rostral broader than deep, visible
from above; internasals as loag as deep or a little longer, as long
as the prefrontals or a little shorter; frontal narrow, bell-shaped,
about twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal much longer
than deep; one pre- and two (rarely three) posioculars ; temporals
142 (rarely 242); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19
rows. Ventrals 188-203; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals
81-111. Dark brown above, with two yellowish stripes two or
three scales wide; head with or without light marblings ; upper
lip yellow; lower parts yellowish or pale olive, the lateral ventral
keel ~vitn a more or less distinct dark line; chin and throat with or
without olive marblings.
Total length 1110 millim.; tail 285.
Madagascar.
a. J (V. 200; C. 93). Madagascat. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.].
b, 2 (V. 195, 196; Madagascar.
C. 96, P)
d, @: Q W. 193, 198; Near Tamatave. Rev. W. D. Cowan
Or oie [C.}.
f. 2 (V. 20 08; C.106). —_ Betsileo. Rey. W. D. Cowan
' [C.].
g-h. & (V. 201, 195; Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.].
©. 111, 106).
ik. 3 (V. a6 C.93)& East Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.].
@(V. 188; C. 81).
2. Dromicodryas quadrilineatus.
Herpetodryas quadrilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 212 (1854).
—— bernieri, var. quadrilineatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 31, pl. iv. fig. 2
(1869) ; Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 9, xi. 1879, Pp: 463,
and xii. 1881, p. 445.
bernieri, var. trilineata, part., Boettg. Ul. cc.
This form is very closely allied to the preceding, of which it has,
in fact, been regarded as a variety. However it differs, in addition
to the very striking coloration, in having a less narrow head.
Ventrals 198 to 216; subcaudals 108 to 122. Pale olive above,
with a pair of black dorsal stripes (which may be confluent in
the var. trilineata) and a narrower lateral one, which gradually
disappears on the posterior part of the body and is altogether
absent on the tail; head and nape dark brown or blackish above,
with six yellowish spots (disposed ree? ), the anterior pair on the
parietal and secord temporal shields, the second behind the parietals,
and the third just in front of and sometimes confluent with the
lateral dorsal stripes; lower parts yellowish, with an interrupied
dark line along each lateral ventral keel.
Yotal length 1020 millim.; tail 300.
Madagascar.
8. XENOCHROPHIS. 191
b Jf (V. 210; C. 118) Madagascar.
& 2 (V.210; C. 113).
d (V.198; C. ?). Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.].
8. XENOCHROPHIS.
Tropidonotus, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 59 (1858).
Xenochrophis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 273 (1864); Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 355 (1890).
Maxillary teeth about 20, subequal; anterior mandibular teeth
largest. Head slightly distirct from neck; eye moderate, with
round pupil; nostrils directed upwards, pierced in a single nasal.
Body cyliadrical ; scales keeled, without apical pits, in 19 rows;
ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypa-
pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. ‘
South-eastern Asia.
1. Xenochrophis cerasogaster.
Psammophis cerasogaster, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52.
Tropidonotus cerasogaster, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 92 (1847);
Giinth. Cat. p. 79 (1858).
Xenochrophis cerasogaster, Ginth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 274 (1864) ;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 358, fig. (1890).
obese schistaceum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
p. 236.
Head narrow, elongate, with angular canthus rostralis and slightly
concave lores; eye moderate or rather small. Rostral once and oe
third to twice as broad as long; suture between the internasals
nearly as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal nairow,
much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as
the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep;
one preocular; two or three postoculars and one or two suboculars;
temporals 2+2 or 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth entering the
eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior.
Scales strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 140-151; anal
divided ; subcaudals 60-79. Brown above, with or without darker
spo.s and with a more or less distinct paler dorso-lateral stripe ;
lower parts cherry-red to purplish black, with a yellow stripe on
each side extending from the lips to the end of the tail.
Total length 600 millim.; tail 140.
From Bengal, Assam, and the Khasi Hills to the Malay Peninsula.
a-f. 2 (V. 149, 151, 146, 150, India.
145; C.72, 68, 66, 68, ?) & yg.
(V. 140; C. 79).
g. & (V. 140; C. 76). Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.].
h. 3 (V. 141; C. 70). Pinang. Dr, Cantor.
192 COLUBRID.
9. PRYMNOMIODON.
Prymnomiodon, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1860, p. 558; Giinth, Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 274 (1864).
Maxillary teeth minute posteriorly, becoming much longer ante-
riorly. Head moderately distinct from neck. Eye rather large,
with round pupil. Body slender; scales,.keeled, in 19 rows; ven-
trals rounded. Subcaudals in two rows.
Siam.
1. Prymnomiodon chalceus.
Prymnomiodon chalceus, Cope, lc.; Giinth. 1. e.
Snout rather narrow. Rostral nearly as deep as broad ; nostril
between two nasals, which are equal in size; frontal rather large ;
loreal trapezoid ; one preocular, not reaching the frontal ; three
postoculars ; ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye;
poscvelior ciinestalde longer than the anterior. Scales in 19 rows,
elongate, all kee'ed. Ventrals 152; anal entire ; subcaudals — ?
(tail mutilated). Olivaceous above, shading into ‘leek-green upon
the flanks, and greenish white upon the belly ; a vertebral stripe of
light green bordered with black extends from the parietal shields to
the origin of the tail, involving one row of scales..and two halves ;
another narrower and paler stripe extends from the third and fourth
rows of scales upon each side from the neck to the origin of the
tail; this stripe is bounded above by an interrupted narrow black
border ; temporal region bright green, shields of head tinged wich
fulvous ; upper labials and praocular white ; a narrow black post-
ocular vitta.
Length of body 300 millim.
Siam.
Judging from the description, this Snake appears to resemble
closely the American 7’ropidonotus saurita, from which, however, the
dentition distinguishes it.
Under the name of
TROPIDONOTUS NICOBARIENSIS,
W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 241, pl. vi. fig. 5,
a young Snake from Camorta, N*cobars, is described and referred
with doubt to the genus Z’ropidono'us, which agrees well in most
respects with Pr ~ymnomiodon chalceus but for the division of the anal
shield and the isodont(?) dentition. It has 162 yentrals and
119 subcaudals. .
4
“TANNA ASA
10. TROPIDONOTUS.
Natrix, part., Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 73 (1768).
Tropidonotus, Kuhl, in Férussac, Bull. Sc. Nat. 11.1824, p. 81; Bote, ~
Isis, 1827, p. 518.
Tropidonotus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 297 (1857); Dum. §
10. TRoprIpoNnorus. 193
Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. p. 549 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 59
(1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 258 (1864); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat.
Phys. iui. 1865, p. 203; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 341
(1890).
Natrix, Bonap. Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) ii. 1839, p. 436; Cope, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1838, p. 392, and xiv. 1892, p. 667.
Kutainia, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am, Rept. p. 24 (1853) ; Cope, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 645,
Nerodia, Baird § Gir. 1. c. p. 38.
Regina, Baird § Gir. l. ce. p. 45.
Leptophis, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 528.
Amphiesma, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 724; Jan, l. ¢. p. 232.
Thamnophis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 369.
Herpetoreas, Gunth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 156, and Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 257.
Natrix, Ginth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 124,
Thamnosophis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 82 (1863).
Neusterophis, Grinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 16.
Styporhynchus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 399.
Tropidophorus (non D. § b.), Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
. 205.
Te eaanerahies Jan, l. c. p. 245.
Fowlea, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 57 (1868).
Chilopoma, Cope, in Wheeler's Rep, Explor. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v.
p. 045 (1875).
Katophis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 36.
Atomarchus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1883, p. 1800.
Bothrodytes, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos, Soe. xxiii. 1886, p. 495.
Coluber, Cope, Bull, U.S, Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 59.
Stypocemus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 495.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 40, posterior longest; mandibular teeth
subequal. Head usually distinct from neck; eye rather small,
moderate, or large, with round pupil. Body more or less elongate,
cylindrical ; scales mostly keeled, in some species smooth, usually
with apical pits, in 15 to 33 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail mode-
rate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Europe; Asia; Africa; North Australia; North and Central
America.
Synopsis of the Species.
I, Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder gradually enlarged ;
eyes and nostrils lateral ; internasal shields broadly truncate
anteriorly. (TRoprmonorvs. )
A, Anal shields single ; a single anterior temporal *,
al Second row of scales keeled.
* Futenia nigrolateris, Brown, with three anterior temporals, is probably
based on an anomalous individual.
VOL. I, i)
194 COLUBRID &.
a. Kye rather small ; frequently two preoculars. [p. 201.
Scales in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals 139-152. 1. leptocephalus,
Scales in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 152-172. 2. vagrans, p. 202.
b. Eye moderate or large; a single praocular. Cp. 203
a. Scales in 17 rows, all keeled . 3. chrysocephalus,
B. Seales in 19 or 21 rows, the keel on the outer scale, if
present, weaker than on the others; subcaudals not
more than 100,
Frontal hardly once and a half as long
as broad; second row of scales feebly
keeled:is. trgetads. of! is oe eee eee Rey = 4, scaliger, p. 203.
Frontal at least twice as long as broad .. 5. scalaris, p, 204.
Frontal once and a half to once and three
fourths:as long’as’ broad 9.3 )s-7— | = 6. ordinatus, p. 205.
y. Seales in 19 rows, all with equally strong keels ; sub-
caudals 86-127 ..3...4..; 7. saurita, p. 212.
c. Eye moderate; two or three preoculars. [p. 214.
8. multimaculatus,
[p. 214.
2. Second row of scales smooth .... 9. rufopunctatus,
BR. Anal entire ; two superposed anterior temporals.
10. peal, p. 214.
C. Anal divided.
1. Scales in 15 or 17 rows; usually a single anterior tem-
poral.
a. 8 upper labials, usually three entering the eye; scales
keeled.
Scales strongly keeled; subcaudals more
Gham... in, cals w ela se-secteerete ate Sets 11. picturatus, p. 215.
Scales feebly keeled, smooth on nape; 2
postocularas.3.4.".\. < «sie ee ee 12. truncatus, p. 216.
Scales feebly keeled, smooth on nape; 3
postogulars.. 2). 2:.s:«5s se apeenolte Ree ereae 13. celebicus, p. 216.
b. 8 upper labials, two entering the eye; scales smooth,
bigce oT oR eee 14. fuliginoides, p. 217.
MPP ees Nn A NA A 15. variegatus, p. 217.
Seales in 17 rows
Scales in 15 rows
c. 6 upper labials, two entering the eye.
Scales strongly keeled; head narrow and
elongate... . 1... saeco oe ere 16. swinhonis, p. 218.
Scales very feebly keeled; a groove along
the middle of the nape .<..... 22.24. = 17. nuchalis, p. 218.
nyu
10, TROPIDONOTUS. — 195
2. Scales in 19 rows,
a. Usually a single anterior temporal.
a. Usually 7 upper labials, third and fourth entering
the eye.
Ventral Cog OO it. t woo se aeons 18. natriv, p. 219.
Wer Grete ENE he pa ore os 6 od nw haiess 19. vibakari, p. 221.
f. 8 or 9 upper labials, three entering the eye. [p. 222.
Ventrals 138-147 ; subcaudals 40-53 .... 20. conspicillatus,
Ventrals 163-175; subcaudals 73-95 .... 21. parallelus, p. 223.
Ventrals 150-154; subcaudals 80-100 .. 22. khasiensis, p. 223.
b. Twe anterior temporals ; 9 upper labials, fourth to sixth
entering the eye.
Frontal once and a half to once and three [p. 224.
fourths as long as broad.............. 23, trianguligerus,
Frontal once and one third as long as broad. 24. petersti, p. 225.
II, Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder gradually enlarged ;
eyes rather small and, like the nostrils, directed upwards and
outwards; internasals usually much narrowed in front.
(Nuropia.)
A. Anal single; a single anterior temporal; scales in 19
rows. =
[p. 225.
Scales strongly keeled ................ 25. melanogaster,
Seales pmoeth 02) fs... ee. 26) Leumssemes, DP. 226;
B. Anal divided.
1. Scales smooth or feebly keeled, in 17 or 19 rows.
Scales smooth, in 19 rows; a single ante-
BIOY CEMIPOTA <5. oy ee ens seas oe Shy DAURCEUS, Dawe
Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows;
a single anterior temporal............ 28. pygeus, p. 228.
Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows ;
two anterior temporals.............. 29. punctulatus, p. 228.
Scales feebly keeled,in 19 rows; three labials
GHierINS ANS CVO... oi. es eee seer es 30. modestus, p. 228.
Seales feebly keeled, in 19 rows; one or [p. 230.
two labials entering the eye.......... 31. saneti-johannis,
2. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled; usually two anterior
temporals ; 4th, 5th, or 4th and 5th labials entering the
eye; ventrals not more than 161,
Scales of 2 or 3 outer rows smooth ...... 32. piscator, p. 230.
. 02
=
—
196 COLUBRID ®.
Only the outer row of scales smooth ; ven-
trals 130-146; subcaudals 64-92 ..., 33. asperrimus, p. 232.
Only the outer row of scales smooth; usu-
ally a single labial entering the eye;
ventrals 145-161; subcaudals 54-69 .. 34. annularis, p. 233.
3. Scales in 19 to 23 rows, strongly keeled; a single anterior
temporal; one or two labials entering the eye.
a. Head distinct from neck.
a. Ventrals 160-197; scales in 19 rows; 4th, or 4th
and 5th labials entering the eye.
35. tessellatus, p. 233.
B. Ventrals 147-160; scales in 21 or 23 rows; 3rd
and 4th labials entering the eye.
36. viperinus, p. 235.
y. Ventrals 126-147; scales in 19 or 21 rows; 4th and
Sth labials entering the eye.
Frontal twice as long as broad; scales
usually in 19 rows, outer row faintly
keeled) o% SO aa3 U8 LS eth legos 37. validus, p. 237.
Frontal once and two thirds to twice as
long as broad; scales in 21 rows, outer
row distinctly keeled’... .5 7 see eet 38. clarkii, p. 238.
Frontal broad; tail compressed at the [p. 238.
DAR G9 ors a tel sleudiate Maciek cieke OI OR ators 39. compressicauda,
b. Head small, not or but scarcely distinct from neck; scales
in 19 or 21 rows; third and fourth labials entering the
eye.
Frontal hardly once and a half as long as
broad; ventrals 140-151; subcaudals [p. 239.
OB ida halle eget sack ies 40. septemvittatus,
Frontal twice as long as broad; ventrals
132-142; subcaudals 51-71.......... 41. rigidus, p. 240.
Frontal once and two thirds to twice as
long as broad; ventrals 156-173; sub-
caudals 47-65 =e 0.2 << 25a weenie 42. grahami, p. 240.
4. Scales in 21 to 27 rows; not more than one labial entering
the eye.
Eye separated from the labials by subocu-
lars ; frontal once and one third to once
and a half as long as broad .......... 43. ferow, p. 241.
Eye separated from the labials by subocu-
lars ; frontal elongate .............. 44, anoscopus, p. 242.
Fourth labial entering the eye.......... 45. fasciatus, p. 242.
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 197
5. Seales in 29 to 33 rows.
Eye separated from the labials by subocu-
|r Be te OSS ee eer Ss 46. cyclopium, p. 244.
Fourth labial entering the eye .......... 47. taxispilotus, p. 245.
III. Maxillary teeth not more than 30, last two or three abruptly
enlarged. (AMPHIESMA.)
A. Head moderately elongate.
1. Scales in 17 rows, smooth.
Rostral nearly as broad as deep ; eye rather
pina: Geos hc OBS ah re 48. sexlineatus, p. 246.
Rostral much broader than deep ; eye rather [p. 246.
PSU Grant en eter reriveneto sich fis) oi s.e 8! char sn ae 49. dolichocercus,
2. Scales in 19 rows, smooth or feebly keeled.
2 labials entering the eye; frontal once and
anole as lone es broad... ww). ee es 50. stumpffit, p. 247.
2 labials entering the eye; frontal once and
two thirds to twice as long as broad.... 51. lateralis, p. 248.
3 labials entering the eye .............. 52. platyceps, p. 248.
3. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled.
a. Two labials entering the eye.
a. 7 upper labials, 3rd and 4th entering the eye; usually
a single anterior temporal.. 53. tagrinus, p. 249.
B. 8 upper labials, 4th and 5th entering the eye; usually
two anterior temporals.
por (oO ES ed EIS aa 54. pryert, p. 250.
[p. 251.
SUD eBeaINy fo OU erin ds oc kin steele Seas 55. himalayanus,
OUMBCAUG RIS FOO sc. se ee ee eee 56. ceylonensis, p. 252.
b. Three labials entering the eye.
a. A single anterior temporal.
* Outer row of scales smooth.
+ Internasals broadly truncated anteriorly.
57. beddomii, p. 252.
TT Internasals much narrowed anteriorly.
3rd to 5th labials entering the eye ...... 58. stolatus, p. 253.
4th to 6th labials entering the eye ...... 59. vittatus, p. 255.
198 COLUBRID.
bh
** Outer row of scales. keeled ; 4th. and 6th labials
entering the eye........ 60. ni gr ocinctus, p. 255.
f. Two anterior temporals.
* Kye moderate or large.
+ Frontal shorter than parietals.
t Internasals shorter than preefrontals ; outer row
of scales smooth or feebly keeled.
3rd to 5th labials entering the eye ...... 61. subminiatus, p. 256.
+th to 6th labials entering the eye ...... 62. spilogaster, p. 257.
¢+ Internasals as long as preefrontals; outer row
of scales keeled .... 63. chrysargus, p. 258.
tt Frontal as long as parietals.
64. monticola, p. 259.
** Kye very large; subcaudals 95-113.
65. maculatus, p. 260.
4) Seales/im'2i, TOWws. 4.0 seit ss 66. chrysargoides,
[p. 260.
B. Head short, very distinct from neck.
1. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled; 3rd to 5th labials .
entering the eye.
Internasals not longer than prefrontals .. 67. saravacensis,p:261, '
Internasals longer than prefrontals ...... 68. auriculatus, p. 261% j
2. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. [p. 262.
pubeaudals 96—V0l). < oic eee eer... 69. crebripunctatus,
Subcaudals 66... 0, >: 4c eaee ease 70. lineatus, p. 262.
3. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, outer row smooth or feebly keeled.
Scales in 19 rows; two labials entering
tHONO VO 76 ic wuss id. 0) sno ot ae 71. flavifrons, p. 263.
fcales in 21 rows; three labials entering
the eye sos 0.2% os 2. ee eee ’ 72. callistus, p. 263.
TY. Maxillary teeth 85-40, posterior but slightly enlarged; eye
very large; body very slender. (Macropropuis.)
5th and 6th labials entering the eye ; ven-
trals 196 1 .U gis 4 oa go eee 73. hypomelas, p. 26 4.
Ath to 6th labials entering the eye; ven-
mals LOW; . Sele eae a2 8 SOR 74. dendrophiops,
[p. 264
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 199
Owing to the difficulty, in some cases, of ascertaining the type of
It is
dentitién, the preceding synopsis may not fulfil its purpose.
therefore supplemented by the following tabulation of the numbers
of shields and scutes, which may not unfrequently more readily assist
in the identification of a specimen.
I. European, North African, and West Asian species.
Se. Vis | A. C. | Pr- oc.| Pt. oc. | Lab. Ant. |
| | temp
BOLTED. cy eOn eevee eset 19° | 157-190 | 2 | 50-88} 1-2 2-4 7 1
LESSALICEUS Feder clacs a co 19 | 160-197 | 2 | 48-86] 1-3 3-5 8 1
VAPEPUBUS ..occcsdecnsine | 21-23 147-160 | 2 | 47-72 | 1-2 2 7 1
II. Asian and Australasian species.
Ant.
Se. Ve A. Cly ervoc: | Etro. elias temp.
MEM en eete tee wecek se 19 | 142-144] 1 | 75-77} 1-2 2-3 9 2
PICHUMGLUS wo soaces to. 808s 15-17 | 128-165 | 2 | 52-82] 1-2 2-3 8 | 1-2
ERUMCAUUS) Gocnt sce cea en 15 | 142-147} 2 43 2 2 8 1
CELEB LGUs. <nlenssexe=4 <9 15 140 2 48 2 3 8 1
SUMMHOWIS ce esanene ae "15 150 2 50 1 3 6 1
MUUCQUYS Sew eeeie saeeoatee 15 | 154-165 | 2 | 46-50 1 2-3 6 1
ICO KORG eee aaeen teresa 19 | 127-151 | 2 | 59-79] 12 2-3 | 7-8 | 1
conspicillatus ......... 19 | 138-147 | 2 | 40-53 1 3 8 1
POPGUELUS 2.0. <cvanesesee 19 | 163-175 | 2 | 73-95] 1-3 3 7-8 | 1-2
ARGSIONSISIES tiewesteste st 19 150-154 | 2 | 80-100) 1-2 3 9 1
trianguligerus .......4. 19 | 134-147 | 2 | 67-94| 1-2 3-4 9 2
MELENSUO te sacaeasesases ser 19 | 140-150; 2 | 65-78 1 3-4 9 2
PUNCLULATUS .0.0.ccecsee 17 =| 142-154} 2 | 62-83 1 2-3 | 9-10) 2
TROGESLUSY, watndadseaanace 19 | 154-168 | 2 | 96-122) 1-2 2-3 9 | 1-2
sancti-johannis......... 19 | 134-158 | 2 | 85-98 1 3 9 2
WPESCOUOI asta. deaise> seco 19 | 125-150} 2 | 70-90 1 3-4 9 | 1-2
GSPETTUMUS .2.0..00000. 19 | 130-146} 2 | 64-95 1 3 9 2
ZANNUIATIS ...000000s0005% 19 | 145-161 | 2 | 54-69 1 2-3 | 8-9 | 1-2
PUGLUCEDS) citepaten seesae 19 | 177-235 | 2 | 75-107) 1-2 2-3 8 | 1-2
PUPPUNUB 2 «can vata 19 | 147-166 | 2 | 55-84 2 3-4 7 | 1-2
SPT YORU risa ctn0s2ahe<ues cs 19 | 171-181} 2 {114-128} 1 3 8 | F2
himalayanus ........0+5- 19 | 158-170 | 2 | 79-90} 1-2 2-3 | 8-9 | 1-2
CEYLONENGIS cove oeeseses 19 | 1838-141 | 2 | 48-54 2 3 8 2
WedAomate van<..dssnee- = 19 | 131-150} 2 | 65-75 1 2-3 | 89] 1
SLOLGUUS) tecc a. oe'aacklcaet. 19 | 120-161 | 2 | 50-89 1 3 8 I.
TIERS LET ARERR OC tee Bee 19 | 140-149 | 2 | 53-84 il 3 9 1
NUGTOCINCLUS ..sneevenees 19 | 155-160} 2 | 81-89; 1-2 3 9 | 1-2
SUUTONAMLUS: 60s. 0s0c00e 19 | 182-166 | 2 | 65-87 1 3 8 2
SPUOGASLEN:. «wands waesas 19 | 148-156 | 2 | 75-92; 1-2 3-4 9 2
GAT SATGUS! ese sntee- 19 | 143-175 | 2 | 60-93] 1-2 3 8-9) 2
MONLICOID .isc.s0n0s-4000 19 | 134-142 | 2 | 80-92 i 3 8 2
MGCULOUUS: . 3c tuat. dese nk 19 | 144156 | 2 | 95-113) 1 3 9 2
Chrysargotdes....ec....0 21 | 154-161 | 2 | 64-79 ] 3 9 2
SATGVACENSIS ....0..2000: 17 | 140-154 | 2 2-89 1 3 8 2
200
COLUBRID.
IL. (continued).
Se. We NE ©. 4) Pr. /oc..| Pivoen| ab: are
QUTICULATUS weccsesesooe 17 | 152-157 | 2 | 76-91) 1-2 3 8 2
crebripunctatus ......+4. 19 | 148-166 | 2 | 96-101} 2 3 8-10} 2
UBTUCRLIUS) «0 vos'os2)n0sciemneies 19 142 2 66 2 3 8 1
FQUIF TONS: sececcvee ceo 19 | 146-155 | 2 | 95-99 1 2-3 | 8-9] 2
COMMSEUS cass cesscse see 21 156 2 76 1 ae 9 2
hypomelas .......0000000, i 196 2 | 99-105) 2 3 9 2
dendrophiops.........04: 17 157 2 100 1-2 3 9 2
III. African and Malagasy species.
Se. We ih 0.7 | Pro oe. Pt.oe, gab: rae
fuliginoides \.........04. 17 | 119-135 | 1-2 | 75-95 | 1-2 3 8 1
VOTIEGGLUS Jovccnceses-s 15 143 2 76 2 3 8 1
TEVISSIMUS «2222000000000 19 175 1 76 1 2 8 1
OUUULCCILS warts come saree 19 | 181-149 | 2 | 55-85 | 1-2 2-3 8 1
RROD Soo aoe ocean | 21-27 | 187-155 2 | 60-73 1-2 2 9 i
SAUL MEAUUS deuce stress ae 17 | 148-157 | 2 | 72-152) 1-2 2 8 1
olichocercus ......0000+ 17 | 148-156) 2 | 97-160) 1 23 | 8 1
SHUT AIED “Bbeoosacooobees 19 | 147-169 | 2 | 68-104) 1-2 Mee || fs) 2 |}
LGUETGUS:..h..sec-coec--| | LO |) LA9=1Gha | 2 s—938 1 Dia Se dae
IV. American species.
Se. Ae A. C. Pr. oc.| Pt. oc. | Lab aay
leptocephalus...........- 17-19} 139-152 | 1 | 5470) 1-2 3 6-8 | 1
MAGTANS 22.4. 2Fovesicec03 21 -23\ 15221790) gem3-90 | 1-2 eB aa ee
chrysocephalus ......... 17 | 145-151 | 1 | 71-81 1 3 8 1
SCOULGEN Mince cre act een eee 19 | 141-158 | 1 | 46-56 il 2-3 U 1
RAAT IS Seandecadaaoace o> 19 | 180-145) 2 | 52-75 1 2-3 a 1
OTdinatUus ....s.0...0.0- 19-21 | 187-176 | 1 | 44-100} 1 3-4 | 7-8)! 1
SCUMILC: Pee eesececeecees 19 | 144-178 | 1 | 86-127) 1 38-4 | 7-8) 1
multimaculatus........- 7A Na Var inciaos- | kde 2-3 3 8 i
TUfOPUNCtULUS «222.000 21 177 1 87 1 3 8 1
MeLANOGASTEF ....0..000+- 19 | 140-159; 1 | 45-79 | 23 2-4 8 il
UQUS: «.codleecsee oneeties 17 120-183 | 2 | 35-54 1 2 8 1
WAUGUS ..ceunesoeseene 19-21} 1386-147 | 2 | 66-838] 1-2 2-3 8 1
CLOG 2. eacceseenn teen PA 129-122 | 2 | 57-70 1 2-3 8 1
comupressicaudd ......0.+ 19-21 | 126-137 | 2 | 66-81 1 2-3 8 1
septemvittatus ......... 19 | 140-151 2 | 6486 2 2 7 1
BUFEOUS 2 Jon oscteeeenene 19 1382-142 | 2 | 51-71 2 2 if 1
GRANGE 00). o00c0.eestooe 19-21) 156-173 | 2 | 45-65 2 2-3 ih ]
BQECODUS 6.055 veevacsene 23 143 2 73 1 2 s) 1
SMOLUS v5.s0.cecccdone 23-27 | 128-154 | 2 | 58-82 1-2 2-¢ 8 1
CUCLOPUUM 0.00.0 so snes 29-31] 132-150 | 2 | 60-79}; 1-2 2-3 8 il
taxispilotus .........0.. 29-33 | 180-144 | 2 | 70-83 iL 2 SP =2
10. TRoPrpONOTUS. 201
I, Troprponorus.—Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder
gradually enlarged (see fig. 11, p. 170). Eyes and nostrils
lateral; internasal shields broadly truncate anteriorly.
1. Tropidonotus leptocephalus.
Eutainia le Leas Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 29
(1853) ; Gir. U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 151, pl. xiii. figs. 7—
15 (1858) ; Cooper, Rep. U.S. Explor. Surv. R. R. xii. pt. ii.
p. 297 (1860) ; Cope, nm Wheeler's Rep. US. Surv. W. 100th
Mer. v. p. 550 (1875), and Proc. Ac. Philad. 1883, p. 23, and
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 660,
Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 73 (1858).
Kutainia cooperi, Kennicott, ee U.S. Explor. Surv. R. R. xii.
pt. i. p. 296, pl. xv. fig. 1 (1860); Cope, Wheeler's Rep. p. 551.
atrata, Kennicott, l.c. p. 296; Cope, le.
Tropidonotus cooperi, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1865, p. 212.
sirtalis, var. leptocephala, Jan, Icon. Gen. 85, pl. iv, fig. 2
(1867) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 159 (1883).
sirtalis, var. infernalis, part., Garm. l.c. p. 24.
Eye rather small, considerably smaller than in 7. ordinatus ; head
rather elongate, but slightly distinct from neck. Rostral broader
than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad or
broader, a little shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a
half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal
usually longer than deep ; two (rarely one) pre- and three post-
oculars ; temporals 1+2; seven (rarely six or eight) upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior.
Scales in 17 (rarely 19) rows, strongly keeled, outer row smooth or
feebly keeled. Ventrals 139-152; anal entire; subcaudals 54—
70. Olive or brown above, with small black spots, with or without
three more or less distinct light longitudinal streaks, the median
yellow or orange, the laterals greenish yellow ; upper lip yellowish ;
usually a black streak behind the eye, and sometimes a black blotch
on each side of the occiput; usually a pair of yellow dots close
together on the suture between the parietal shields ; lower parts
olive or plumbeous grey, with or without black dots.
Total length 600 millim.; tail 140.
North America west of the Rocky Mountains, from British
Columbia to North California.
A. Seales in 17 rows; light dorsal stripes distinct.
a-h. 3 (V. 145, 149, 147, 148; Sumass Prairies, Boundary Commis-
C. 66, 60, 62, 64), 9 (V. 139; Brit. Columbia. sion [C.].
C. 60), her. (V. 146; C. 54),
& yg. (V. 146, 141; C. 56,
60).
wre 3 (V. 149, 147; C. 63, Vancouver Id. H.M.S. ‘Plumper.’
iaOCny. 150; C. 56), &
= (V. 139; C. 58).
202 COLUBRID.
n. Ye. (V. 145; C. 67). Vancouver Id. Col. Hawkins [C.].
DOUG. 142; .C.'b6). Victoria. Dr. Brown Pog
p. 3 (V. 149; C. 70). Oregon. Smithsonian Inst.
[PJ]; as se
~ coopert.)
B. Scales in 17 rows ; no stripes.
g. Hor. (V. 141; C. 56). Sumass Prairies, Boundary Commis-
Brit. Columbia. sion.
C. Scales in 19 rows ; light dorsal stripes distinct.
r. Ye. (V. 140; C. 54). N. Orea Id., Gulf Lords of the Ad-
of Georgia. miralty [ P.].
s-t. ¢ (V. 144: C. 65) & California. Haslar Collection.
V. 152; C. 60).
(
D. Scales in 19 rows; no stripes.
u. 9 (V. 145; Cy6l). California. Haslar Collection.
2. Tropidonotus vagrans.
Eutainia vagrans, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 35 (1853) ;
and Rep. U.S. Explor. Surv. R. R. x. pt. ii., Zool, p. 19, pl. xvii.
(1857) ; Girard, US. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 154, pl. xiv. figs. 5-
10 (1858) ; Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1866, pp. 305, 807, and in
Wheeler's Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1875); Cowes,
Wheeler's Rep., t. c. p. 614, pl. xx. fig. 2; Cowes § Yarrow, Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv. iv. 1878, p. 274; H. Garm. Bull, Lilin. Lab. iii.
1892, p. 268.
Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 78 (1858).
vagrans, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 215.
sirtalis, var. vagrans, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 139 (1883).
Eutzenia biscutata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1883, p. 21.
vagrans plutonia, Yarrow, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. 1883,
. 152.
3 elegans, part., Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 651.
elegans brunnea et lineolata, Cope, J. ¢.
Eye rather small, considerably smaller than in 7’. ordinatus.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long
as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal
once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as
its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals;
loreal as long as deep or a little longer ; one or two pre- and three
(rarely four) postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight (rarely seven)
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eve; five lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are usually about
as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows (rarely 23, specs. / and p),
strongly keeled, outer row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals
152-179 ; anal entire; subcaudals 53-90. Olive above, with four
series of black spots and two or three more or less distinct yellowish
longitudinal streaks ; a large black blotch on each side behind the
occiput ; upper surface of head and nape sometimes black; a pair
10. TROPIDONOTUS.
203
of yellow dots close together on the suture between the parietal
shields ;
with black.
Total length
& (Ve 168;
79).
b. 3 (V. 168; C. 72).
ce. 6 (V. 175; C
d. & (V.172; ©.87).
e-k, l. 3 (V.167, 168;
her, (V.
164, 152, 159; C.
74, 69,2), & ye. (V.
167, 162; C. 68,81).
m. Yg.(V. 161; C.77).
C. ?,70),
n. o (Vv. 165 ; 1 73).
o,p. Her. o (V. 167;
C.80)& 2 (V.166;
hs 75).
3 we IGG: 172):
sot) 87, ?).
770 millim. ;
North America west of the Rocky Mountains,
. 86).
tail 170.
Banff, Rocky Mountains.
Near Wales Canon, Pueblo
Co., Colorado, 6000-
7000 feet.
Kansas.
Washington Territory.
Sumass Prairies, British
Columbia.
Vancouver Island.
Victoria.
N. Orca Island, Gulf of
Georgia.
‘Galifornia.
lower parts olive or grey, uniform or spotted or marbled
Prof. C. Kigen-
mann [C. ].
T. D. A. Cockerell,
Esq. [P.].
Smithsonian Inst.
[PJ (Asi Be
vagrans. )
Boundary Commis-
sion.
Col. Hawkins [C.].
Dr. Brown ‘ot
Lords of the Ad-
miralty [P.].
te Juana, San ie Co., Prof.C. Eigenmann
C.].
3. Tropidonotus chrysocephalus.
Euteenia chrysocephala, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1884,
p. 173.
Eye large.
Rostral broader than deep ;
internasals as long as
broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal narrow ; loreal
deeper than long ; one pree- and three postoculars ; temporals 1+2;
eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye.
rows, all strongly keeled.
caudals 71-81.
Ventrals 145-151;
Head yellow or brown; a large black nuchal spot ;
Seales in 17
anal entire; sub-
no dorsal stripe; a lateral series of light spots, or a whitish stripe
along the second row of scales may be present; ventrals olive, with
or without black bases, or entirely black.
Total length 450 millim. ;
South Mexico.
a-c. 36 (V
(V. 145;
d. 2 (V. 148;
C. 76).
151, 142;
C. 81, 79) & yg.
Wane
tail 135.
Omilteme, Guerrero,
8000 ft.
Amula, Guerrero, 8000 ft.
4. Tropidonotus scaliger.
Mr. H. H. Smith [C.].
F. D. Godman,
Esq. [ P.].
Mr. HH. Smith fos).
I. D. Godman,
Esq. [ P.].
Tropidonotus scaliger, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anut. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 214.
Eutainia scalaris, Duyes, La Naturalez a, (2) 1. 1888, p. 129, ‘vl. xiii.
fig 17,
Head short; eye moderate.
Rostral broader than deep, just
204 COLUBRID.
visible from above ; internasals broader than long, shorter than the
preefrontals ; frontal hardly once and a half as long as broad, a
little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly
shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid, as long as deep ;
one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven
upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than
the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, very strongly keeled, outer row
perfectly smooth, second row feebly keeled. Ventrals 141-158 ; anal
entire ; subcaudals 46-56. Brown above, scales of the vertebral
series yellow; a rather ill-defined light lateral streak ; regular dark
brown cross bars between the light stripes ; head with dark brown
symmetrical markings; a yellowish streak from the parietals to
the angle of the mouth; upper lip yellow, the shields edged with
black ; greyish olive inferiorly, ventrals blackish at the base.
Total length 370 millim. ; tail 65.
Mexico.
DOV Ale AG): City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C.].
6. 3 (V. 158 ;'C. 56). S. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq.
[P.].
5. Tropidonotus scalaris.
Thamnophis sealaris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 369.
EKutzenia scalaris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 306.
Head narrow, scarcely distinct from neck; eye rather large.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals broader
than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and
one fourth as long as broad, much longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal as
long as deep or a little deeper than long; one pre- and two or
three postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2; seven upper labial:, third and
fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales
in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row smooth or faintly keeled.
Ventrals 130-145; anal entire ; subcaudals 52-75. Brown above,
with a yellow or orange vertebral line, and a light lateral streak
on the second or second and third rows of scales; blackish-brown
cross bars disposed regularly between the light stripes; greyish
olive or plumbeous grey inferiorly.
Total length 550 millim. ; tail 125.
Mexico,
Bd (V. 180 ego): Oaxaca. Mr. Hoege [C.].
b-d, e. § (V. 141, 140; La Cumbre de los Arras- Dr. A. C. Buller
C. 63, 71), her. 2 (Vv. -trados, Talpa Mascota, ([C.].
148; C. 57), & yg. Jalisco.
(V. 189; C. 52
52).
S-h. 3 (V. 189, 140; C. Colonia Brizuela, Hda. El Dr. A. C. Buller
65, 65) & 9 (V. 145; Rosario, Autlan, Jalisco. [C.].
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 205
6. Tropidonotus ordinatus.
Coluber ordinatus, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 379 (1766).
Tropidonotus bipunctatus, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 3820 (1837) ;
Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 582 (1854).
ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 73 (1858).
sirtalis, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. An. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 210;
Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 24 (1883).
Euteenia sirtalis, Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer.
v. p. 546 (1875), and Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 661.
Eye moderate or rather large. Rostral broader than deep,
visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or broader, as long
as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once
and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the
end of the snout, shorter than the parictals; loreal about as long
as deep ; one pre- and three (rarely four) postoculars ; temporals
1+2 or 1+38; seven or eight upper labials, two entering the eye;
five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21
rows, strongly keeled; the keel on the outer scale, if present,
weaker than on the others. Ventrals 137-176 ; anal entire; sub-
caudals 44-100. Coloration very variable ; a pair of light dots on
the suture between the parietal shields is nearly constant.
Total length 950 millim.; tail 190.
North and Central America.
This species may be divided into numerous forms or varieties, of
which the following are the principal :—
I. Lateral stripe, if distinct, running along the second and third
rows of scales.
A. Scales in 19 rows (exceptionally 21).
1. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ;
scales of outer row keeled.
ING Men ne MA SERIO Mo. <55 oie) «\s) 0 eres) mde A. Forma typica.
Pe NG WORL@MEAISHEIPO |. <<. 2 =. 6 ce ano aes B. sirtalis.
2. Seven or eight upper labials ; scales of outer row smooth or
feebly keeled; a light vertebral stripe, occupying one
SHemiworbal SCAl6S .-....\. oda eames C. infernalis.
3. Eight (rarely seven) upper labials; vertebral stripe, if
present, one scale wide.
Ap liphit VevueDrAl SETIPS. ... . 2... veils eas some D. eques.
No vertebral stripe ; no cross bands ........ E. sumichrasti.
No Bimipe, bot cross bands: 22.5 ..06-cenee F. phenax.
B. Scales in 21 rows; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye; dorsal stripe, if present, narrow.
A narrow yellow dorsal stripe; belly greyish
BR OETLAGH.. . «\c sao «ls caleds eat tno te G. couchit.
a,
206 COLUBRID.
WNowvertepral stripe \.\..2 6's). th wae ements H. hammondia.
A narrow yellow dorsal stripe; belly yellowish
AWHIEG ws ss ++ s one ego aiees ate eee EE I. marcianus.
Il. Lateral stripe running along the third, or third and fourth
rows of scales ; scales in 21 rows.
Weually seven upper labials’ -~). cle eee K. radix.
aehtsupper. labialsg. 62% - cae) mae eieere ae eee L. macrostemma,
III. Lateral stripe running along the second, third, and fourth
rows of scales ; scales in 19 rows...... . M. butlerr.
A. Forma typica.
Coluber ordinatus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 379 (1766) ; Catesby, Nat. Hist.
Carolina, ii. pl. iii. (1771) ; Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 118 (1835).
ibibe, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 70 (1802); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 181
(1803).
bipunctatus, Latr. t. c. p. 865.
Tropidonotus ordinatus, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 585; Holbr. N. Am.
Rept. iv. p. 45, pl. xii. (1842).
——- bipunctatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. 11. p. 820 (1887) ; Dum. &
Bibr. vii. p. 582 (1854).
Eutainia ordinata, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 32 (1853)
? Tropidonotus jauresi, Dum. §& Bibr. t. e. p. G06.
Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 73 (1858).
Hutenia sirtalis, subsp. ordinata, Cope, Wheeler’s Rep. US. Surv.
W. 100th Mer. v. p. 546 (1875).
sirtalis graminea, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 599
Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales
in 19 rows, outer row keeled. Ventrals 137-152; subcaudals 54—
79. Olive or green above, uniform or with black spots disposed
quincuncially ; stripes absent or very indistinct; greenish white
inferiorly, with a more or less distinct black spot at the outer end
of the ventrals.
United States east of the Mississippi.
@, Qi Vels7;. C:?). Georgia. Smithsonian Instit. [P.].
b-f, g. bd (V. 150; C. 68) & N. America.
(V. 147, 142, 142, 142, ;
141; CO. 63, 54, 58, 54, 71).
B. Var. sirtalis.
Coluber sirtalis, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 383 (1766); Catesby, Nat. Hist.
Carol. ii. pl. li. (1771) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 146 (1803) ; Harl.
Med. Phys. Res. p. 116 (1885) ; Storer, Rep. Fish. § Rept. Mass.
p- 221 (1839).
parietalis, Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky M. i. p. 186 (1823);
Hari, 1. ¢.
Tropidonotus parietalis, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Hallow. Sitgreave’s
Exped. Zuni § Color. R. p. 189, pl. xv. (1858):
bipunctatus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 820 (1887); Dum.
§ Bibr. vii. p. 582 (1854).
sirtalis, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 41, pl. xi. (1842) ; Wied,
N. Acta Ac. Leop. Carol. xxxii. i. 1865, p. 87; Garm. N. Am.
Rept. p. 25, pl. ili. fig. 8 (1888).
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 207
Tropidonotus tenia, Dekay, N. Y. Faun., Rept. p. 43, pl. xiii. fig. 27
1842),
Euiainis sirtalis, Baerd § Gtr. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 30 (1853) ;
H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 266.
parietalis, Baird § Gir. 1. ¢. p. 28.
dorsalis, Baird § Gir. l. c. p. 31.
Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 73 (1858).
Kutainia ornata, Baird, U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii., Rept. p. 16,
pl. ix. (1859); Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 305; Coues,
Wheeler’s Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. vy. p. 613 (1875).
Tropidonotus sirtalis, var. dorsalis, Jan, Icon. Gén. 25, pl. iv. fig. 1
(1867).
Eutenia sirtalis, subspp. sirtalis, dorsalis, obscura, parietalis, Cope,
Wheeler’s Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 546 (1875).
sirtalis parietalis, Cowes § Yarrow, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. iv.
1878, p. 276.
sirtalis semifasciata, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892,
. 662.
iecaneniis sirtalis, Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 104.
Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in
19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 138-170; subcaudals 64—
86. Brownish olive with black spots, or black above with three
yellow, red, or pale green stripes ; greenish white inferiorly, with a
black spot at the outer end of the ventrals.
North America east of the Rocky Mountains ; North Mexico.
a-d. 9 (V. 161; C. 72), Lake Winnipeg. Sir J. Richardson [P. ].
her. (V. 159; C. 67), &
® ye. (V.160, 154; C.77,?).
e. @ (V..145;. C.?). New York. J. Murray, Esq. [P.].
Ft. 2 (V. 148; C. 62). Bay View, Michi- Prof. C. Kigenmann [C.].
can.
D
g. Xe; (V1 ;-C. 81). Island Lake, Lyon Prof. G. B. Howes PR:
Co., Minnesota.
h-k. 3 (V. 151, 147; C. Bloomington, In- C. Bollman, Esq. [C.].
76, 69) & yg. (V. 140; diana,
©. 72).
lm,n. & (V. 170, 155; Missouri. Smithsonian Instit. [P.].
C. 85,69) & 2 (V.151;
C. 76).
a. Ye. (Vs; 168:5 (CP). Utah. Smithsonian Instit. [P.].
p. Skull. New Orleans.
g. Skull. Mexico.
C. Var. infernalis.
Coluber infernalis, Blainv. Nouv. Ann. Mus. iv. 1835, p. 59, pl. xxvi.
fig. 3.
Tropidonotus concinnus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 182.
Eutainia infernalis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 26 (1853);
Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp. p. 148, pl. xiv. tig. 2 (1858) ;
Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr, 1892, p. 40; Cope, Proce. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 657.
pickeringii, Baird § Gir. 1. ¢. p. 27; Girard, 1. ¢. p. 150,
pl. xiii. fig. 14.
ordinoides, Baird § Gir. l. c. p. 33; Girard, l. ec. p. 153,
pl. xiv. fig. 1.
208
COLUBRIDA,
Eutainia elegans, Baird § Gir.l. c. p. 84; Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S.
Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1875).
concinna, Baird § Gir. l. ce. p. 146; Cooper, Rep. U.S. Explor.
Surv. R. R. xii, pt. ii. p. 298, pl. xv. fig. 2 (1859).
Tropidonotus trivittatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1853, p. 237.
ordinatus, part., Giinth, Cat.
elegans, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 214.
? Tropidonotus kennicottii, Jan, /. c. p. 216.
Euteenia sirtalis, subspp. pickeringii et tetrateenia, Cope, Wheeler's
Rep. p. 546.
p. 73 (1858).
Tropidonotus sirtalis, var. infernalis, Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 24
(1883).
Euteenia elegans, part., Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892,
p- 651.
infernalis vidua, Cope, 1. c. p. 658.
sirtalis tetrateenia, Cope, J. c. p. 664.
sirtalis trilineata, Cope, J. c. p. 665.
? Euteenia aurata, Cope, /. c. p. 659.
Seven or eight upper labials.
sand y), outer row smooth or feebly keeled.
subcaudals 44-86.
Scales in 19 rows (21 in specimens
Ventrals 144-170;
Olive, spotted with black, or black above, with
a yellow or bluish vertebral stripe and usually a pair of lateral ones
which may be tinged with vermilion; blue, grey, olive, or black
inferiorly, sometimes with scattered vermilion spots.
Western North America.
a-t.
2 (V. 158, 158, 162,
HGS WG; (Ce, 372,180;
io, 71), her. (Ve) 165,
162; C. 77, 79), & yg.
(Vie 159s C278):
feo aN ba eaC nes
Pet S (Vi. 158e)C. 19), ©
(V. 156; C. 69), & yg.
(V. 154; C. 70).
o. 2 (V. 162; C. 71).
Perce Los Carly,
9. 2 (V. 160; ©. 69).
r.6 (V. 162); \C.s79):
s-t.
(eR Ab).
u. Her. (V. 157; C. 68).
v-w. 9 (V. 168; C. 85)
& her, (Vib 70279).
o Yo. (V. 144-5076),
y. Her. (V. 156; C. 65).
eye (V. 165: Cx 86)
BO (V. 156, Ta7 ei
Waist; cL).
g (V. 170; C. 80),
Q (V. 155, 153; C.
Sumass Prairies, Brit.
Columbia.
Columbia R.
Vancouver Id.
N. Orea Id., Gulf of
Georgia.
Revelstoke, Brit.
Columbia.
Golden, Alberta.
Washington Territory.
Camp Taylor, Marin
Co., California.
Santa Cruz, California.
Boundary Commis-
sion,
K. Loftus, Esq. [P.].
Col. Hawkins | C.].
Lords of the Ad-
miralty [P. }.
Prof. C. Eigenmann
[C. ]
Prof. C. Eigenmann
1:56. ay: Fabert,
Ksq..[P.].
Prof. C. Eigenmann
[C.].
Mr. A. Forrer [C.].
Monterey, California. J. H. Gurney, Esq.
Pa.
Monterey, California.
California.
California.
Lord Walsingham
feel
209
10. TROPIDONOTUS.
D. Var. eques.
Coluber eques, Rewss, Mus, Senckenbd, i, 1834, p. 152, pl. viil. fig. 2.
Eutainia oo Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 333 ; ‘Cope,
Proc. Ac, Philad, 1366, p. 806, and Wheeler's Rep. U.S. Surv. W.
ae Mer. v. p. 546 (1875), and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 17,
23 (1880), and Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 656.
“Dhatmnpphls cyrtopsis, var. cyclides, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861,
. 299.
aienitlenotus collaris, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 209,
and Icon, Gén. 25, pl. v. fig. 2 (1867).
Eutzenia cyrtopsis ocellata, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 17, p. 22
(1880).
Tropidonotus sirtalis, var. collaris, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 25 (1885).
Euteenia collaris, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii, 1884, p. 173;
Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 127, pl. xiii. fig. 16.
pulchrilatus, Cope, . c. p. 174; Duges, l. ec. p. 128.
Eight (rarely seven) upper labials. Scales in 19 rows, outer
row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 137-175; subcaudals
58-100. Olive-brown above, with black spots disposed quin-
cuncially ; a yellow or orange vertebral line, one scale wide, and a
yellow or whitish lateral band ; a black nuchal collar; upper labisls
yellowish with black sutures; lower parts greenish white.
Lower California, Arizona, Western Texas, Mexico, Guatemala.
a-t. S (V. 156, 159, 156;
C. 100; 82, 82), 2 (V.
14s lol; C752), &
her. (V. 160, 161, 148,
1538; C. 87, 86, 88, 84).
k. Ad. (head and anterior
part of body only).
i. Ye. (V.162 ; 0. 91).
ma Yge.(V 1bb;,'C.2).
q. 2 (V. 151; C. 88).
rt. go (V. 155;
Os(V.148,
69).
@. Yo. (Voi64;, C.'92).
». 9 (V. 151; ©. 79).
1. @ (V. 148; ©. 62).
we DVi Lars eG: 91).
C. 84) &
147; C. 78,
E. Var. sumichrasti.
Eutenia sumichrasti,
VOL. I.
Ciudad, Durango.
La Venta, Guadala-
jara, 5132 ft.
Mezquital del Oro,
Zacatecas, 4500 ft.
Zacatecas.
Jalisco, N. of Rio de
Santiago.
i =e
Chilpanzingo,
rero.
Guer-
Xucumanatlan, Guer-
rero.
Amula,
8000 ft.
Guerrero,
Jalapa.
Rio Chisoy.
Duenas, Guatemala.
Guatemala.
Mr. A. Forrer [C.].
A. C. Buller
‘A. C. Buller
C.}.
J. M. Cameron, Esq.
peal
F. D. Godman, Esq.
[Pa
Mr. H. H. Smith [C. ].
F. D. Godman,
Esq. {P.}.
Mr. H. H. Smith [C.].
F. D. Godman,
Esq. [P.].
Mr. H. H. Smith Rem
F. D. Godman, Esq.
(PJ,
Mr. Hoege [C.].
O. Salvin, Esq. [C.".
O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
QO, Salvin, Esq. ra
Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 806, and
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1884, p. 174.
P
210 COLUBRID,
Eight upper labials. Scales in 19 rows, outer row feebly keeled.
Ventrals 147-148 ; subcaudals 60-65. Olive-brown, without
stripes except traces on the neck; upper lip and lower parts dirty
yellow. May be regarded as a 7’. eques without the stripes.
Southern Mexico, Guatemala.
BeOr(V. 147% C60). Duejnias, Guatemala, O. Salvin, Esq. [C. ].
F. Var. phenax.
Eutenia phenax, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 154.
Agrees in structure with the two preceding forms, but differs in
the total absence of stripes and the presence of reddish black-edged
cross bars.
Southern Mexico.
a. 6 (V¥. 165; C. 75). Orizaba.
G. Var. couchil.
Eutainia couchii, Kennicott, Rep. U.S. Explor. Surv. R, R. x. pt. 4,
p. 10 (1857).
Euteenia henshawi, Yarrow, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. 1883, p. 152.
Eight upper labials. Scales in 21 rows, outer row faintly
keeled. Blue-black above, without spots; a narrow yellow dorsal
line; belly greyish olive or black.
Washington Territory, California.
H. Var. hammondii.
Eutainia hammondii, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 352;
Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p- 545 (1875).
? Eutainia angustirostris, Kennicott, 1. ce.
Tropidonotus | hammondii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
p. 215.
Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales
in 21 rows, outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 159-171 ;
subeaudals 79-85. Dark olive-brown above, young olive with
black spots; vertebral stripe absent, or merely indicated on the
nape; a rather indistinct lateral stripe; lower parts pale olive,
sometimes with a dark line along the middle posteriorly.
California.
a. 6: (V. 10; Coe); Los Angeles, A. Erwin Brown, Esq.
California. 125Ip
bo Ye. (Vs 1p92 0:79): California. Lord Walsingham | P.}.
e. Vg. (V.17Ps02 B86). California.
I. Var. marcianus.
Eutainia marciana, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 36 (1853),
and in Marey’s Explor. Red Riv. p. 221, pl. iii. (1853) ; Cope,
Wheeler's Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1875).
? Tropidonotus intermedius, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865,
p. 209.
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 911
Tropidonotus marcianus, Jan. J. ¢. p. 215. ;
sirtalis, var. marciana, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 138 (1883). _
? Eutenia nigrolateris, A. £. Brown, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1889, p. 421.
Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in
21 rows, outer row smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 144-163 ;
suhbcaudals 53-85. Pale brown above, with black spots disposed
quincuncially ; a narrow yellow vertebral line and a more or less
indistinct light lateral streak ; upper labials, except the two last,
pre- and postoculars yellowish, with black streaks on the labial
sutures below and behind the eye; a black nuchal collar; lower
parts yellowish white.
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado.
a. d (V. 158; C.79). Texas. Smithsonian Instit. [P.7.
(As £2. marciana.)
b. 9 (V. 144; C.69). Texas.
e, 2 (V. 154; C.67). DuvalCo., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.].
d.Yg.(V.163;C.76). El Paso, Texas. Mr. A. Forrer(C.]}.
e. 9 (V. 158; C.?). Tucson, Arizona. A. Erwin Brown, Esq. [P.].
K. Var. radix.
Eutainia radix, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 34 (1853) ;
Kennicott, Rep. US. Explor. Surv. R. R. xii. pt. ii. p. 299
(1860); Coues § Yarrow, Bull. US. Geol. Surv. iv. 1878, p. 277;
Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 650; H. Garm. Bull.
Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 266.
haydenii, Kennicott, J. c. p. 298, pl. xiv.
Tropidonotus sirtalis, vars. radix & haydenii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat.
Phys. iii. 1865, p. 212.
? Tropidonotus glaphyros, Jan, /. ec. p. 214.
Euteenia radix twiningi, Cowes § Yarrow, l. ec. p. 279.
radix melanotenia, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi, 1889, p. 400.
Seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye. Scales in 21 rows, outer row distinctly keeled. Ventrals
145-173; subcaudals 51-75. Olive above, with black spots
arranged quincuncially, or blackish; a yellow or orange black-
edged vertebral stripe, and a light lateral streak on the third and
fourth rows of scales; belly greenish white, with a black spot at
the outer end of each ventral.
North America, north of 37°, from the Rocky Mountains to
Manitoba and Indiana.
a. 9 (V. 158; C. 68). Platte River. . Smithsonian Inst. [P.1.
- (As £. haydenii.)
0 DO CV. LOL: 6.73). Island Lake, Lyon Prof. G. B. Howes
Co., Minnesota. (ee
oO (V.. 1453 ©: P): Illinois. Smithsonian Inst. [P.1.
(As £. radix.)
09 (VA6S; GC. 73h. Kansas,
e-~g. 3 (V. 166; C.P)& Canada. G. M. Dawson, Esq.
iv. 16s, F715 'C: 71; P): [C.]. Boundary Com-
mission,
h,t. d (V. 167, 173; C.?, Moose Jaw, Assi- Prof. C. Eigenmann
75). niboia,W. Canada. = [C.]. :
P2
S
212 COLUBRID,
L. Var. macrostemma.
Jutainia macrostemma, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 331 ;
Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 307, and Wheeler's Rep. U.S.
Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1875) ; Cowes, Wheeler's Rep. t.c.
p. 615; Cope, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 651.
megalops, Kennicott, l. e. p. 330.
? Huteenia flavilabris, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1866, P. 306.
Kuteenia macrostemma, var. megalops, Cope, Vi heeler’s Rep. p. 545.
insigniarum, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1884, p. 172;
Duges, ‘La Naturalez a, (2) i. 1888, p. 129; Ives, Proc. Ae, Philad.
1891, p. 462.
Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eve. Scales in
21 rows, outer row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 156-
174; subcaudals 64-82. Olive or brown above, with black spots
or striated with black ; a yellow median stripe (sometimes obsolete),
and another on each side on the third, or third and fourth rows of
scales; ventrals and subcaudals greenish or bluish, more or less
distinctly edged with blackish.
Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming.
a-f. & (V. 170, 174, 166,170; Ciudad, Durango. Mr. A. Forrer [C. ].
CreS; 281, BOF S78) So nae
(V. 160, Hoe C. 63, 66).
gave. (V. 156; C. 75). City of Mexico. P. Geddes.Esq./P.}.
h. Ye. CVE en C. 80). Hacienda del Cas- Dr. A. C. Buller
tillo, Guadala- Lea:
jara, Jalisco.
im. od -(V. 165; C€. 70), 2 Oaxaca: Mr. Hoege [€. ].
(V. 159, 157; C. 68, se
vg. (V. 160, GZ SC se).
o-p. 2 (V. 157: OF 64) & yg. Mexico.
W151 tOxn60):
“M. Var. butleri.
Eutzenia butleri, Cope, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 599.
Seven upper labials. Scales in 19 rows, outer keeled. Ventrals
144; subcaudals 62. Olive-brown above, with three yellowish
stripes; the median covering one and two half rows of scales, and
the lateral running along the second, third, and fourth rows; these
stripes black-bordered ; lower parts olive.
Indiana.
7. Tropidonotus saurita.
Coluber saurita, Zinn. S. N.i. p. 385 (1766); Catesby, Nat. Hist.
Carol. ii. pl. 1. (1771); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 104 (1803); Har.
Med. Phys. Res. p. 115 (1835); Storer, Rep. Fish. § Rept. Mass.
p. 229 (1889).
proximus, Say, %n Long’s Exped, Rocky M. i. p. 187 (1823) ;
Har. l. ec. p. 116.
Tropidonotus saurita, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 585; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p. 821 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 585 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 72
(1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 212, and Icon.
10. TROPIDONOTUS. iy
Gén. 26, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1868) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 28, pl. iii.
fie. 2 (1883).
Tropidonotus proximus, Pore, l. c.; Hallow. in Sitgreave’s Exped, Zuni
& Color. R. p. 184, pl. xviii. (1853).
Leptophis sauritus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iy. p. 21, pl. iv. (1842) ;
Jekay, N. ¥. Faun., Rept. p. 47, pl. xi. fig. 1 (1842).
Eutainia saurita, Baird § Gor. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 24 (1853) ;
Cope, Wheeler's Rep. Explor. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545
(1875); H. Garm. Bull. dilin, Lab. iii. 1892, p. 264.
faireyi, Baird § Gir. l. c. p. 25; Cooper, Rep. US. Explor.
Surv. R. RK. xii. pt. ii. p. 299, pls. xiii. & xvi. (1860) ; Cope, 1. c.,
and Bull. US. Nat. Mus, no. 17, p. 23 (1880).
proxima, Baird § Gir, l. c., and in Marcy's Explor. Red Riv.
p. 220, pl. ii. (1853); Weed, N. Acta Ac. Leop. Carol, xxxii. i. 1805,
p. 90; Cope, Wheeler's Rep. vy. p. 545, and Bull. US. Nat. Mus.
no. 17, p. 23, and Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 650.
sackenii, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 98; Cope,
Wheeler's Rep. v. p. 545, and Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, xi, 1889, p. 305.
Kutzenia rutiloris, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos, Soe. xxii. 1885, p. 388.
Thamnophis proxima, Garm. Bull, Essev Inst, xxiy. 1892, p. 105.
Form slender. Eye rather large. ostral broader than deep,
visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a
little shorter than the prfrontals ; frontal once and a half to once
and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end
of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal
about as long as deep; one pre-and three (rarely four) postoculars ;
temporals 1+2 or 14+3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth
and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; five lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than
the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals
144-178; anal entire; subcaudals 86-127. Dark olive or dark
brown above, with three more or less distinct yellow, pale green, or
orange stripes, the laterals on the third and fourth series of scales ;
usually a pair of light dots close together on the suture between the
parietal shields ; upper lip and lower parts greenish white.
Total length 730 millim. ; tail 230.
North America east of the Rocky Mountains ; Mexico.
a-b. § (V. 167; C.109) Bloomington, In- — C. Bollman, Esq. [C.).
a 2 0V. 1673) C. 127), diana.
e-d, 9 (V. 165, 171; C. Kansas.
94, 2),
@o0 CV. 168;_C. 2). Lake Kerr, Florida, A. Erwin Brown, Esq,
Pi
f-t. b (V.170, 173; C.?, New Orleans. M. Sallé [C.].
112), 9(V. 175; C. 107),
& ye. (Vel75; Gr).
ks CV, eels C.1t4). Louisiana. Smithsonian Inst. [ P. |).
(As E. fairey.)
L Yeo(V, 169; C. 96). Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. | P.1.
m,n. 2 (V. 166,167; C. Texas.
95, °).
Geet V pak bone 108). Matamoras, Mexico. Smithsonian Inst. | P.}.
py. 9.(V. 149; C, &). Atoyac Iv., Guerrero, Mr. H. H. Smith
[C.}. F. D. Godman,
Esq. ['P.1.
914 COLUBRID &.
Gene (V1.0; 0. ©). Jalapa. F. D. Godman, Esq.
Pei
Pee (Voss O97): Jalapa. UPd
Soaipr. (V. 157; C. 100). Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [C.].
t-u. 6 (V. 152; C.98) & CozumellId., Yuc- § Mr. Gaumer [C.].
On CVs LOLEcCsR): atan.
v-w. 9 (V. 145; C. ?) & Belize. J. Smith, Esq. [P.].
ye. (V. 144; C. 87).
Ge (Vaasa Cards). Honduras.
8. Tropidonotus multimaculatus.
Atomarchus multimaculatus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1883, p. 1300.
Kutzenia multimaculata, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886,
p. 284.
Snout long and compressed. Rostral broader than deep ; inter-
nasals longer than broad; frontal narrow, with concave sides, the
anterior angles touching the superior preeoculars ; loreal longer than
deep; two or three pree- and three postoculars ; temporals 1 +3; upper
labials eight, low and rather long, fourth entering the eye. Scales
in 21 rows, all keeled except the outer row. Anal entire. Ashy
grey or brown above, uniform or with six or seven longitudinal
series of dark brown or rusty spots, or dark brown ocelli with rusty
orange centres ; the spots of the median two or three rows some-
times united, forming short cross bars; yellowish inferiorly, the
shields with dark edges.
Total length 708 millim. ; tail 171.
New Mexico and Chihuahua, North Mexico.
9. Tropidonotus rufopunctatus.
Chilopoma rufopunctatum, Cope, Wheeler's Rep, U.S. Explor, Surv.
W. 100th Mer. v. p. 544, pl. xx. fig. 1 (1875).
Tropidonotus rufipunctatus, Germ. N. Am. Rept. p. 25 (1885).
Eutzenia rufopunctata, Cope, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 666.
Eye large. Rostral large, obtuse, with prominent lateral and
posterior borders ; nasal single, long and rather narrow; loreal
elongate ; one pre-and three pdstoculars; temporals 1+3; frontal
large, with concave sides, in contact with the preocular; eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scalesin 21 rows,
all except the first and second on each side strongly keeled.
Ventrals 177; anal entire; subeaudals 87. Light brown above,
the anterior half of the body with six rows of small, alternating
bright rufous or orange spots; lower surfaces pale brownish grey.
Total length 257 millim.; tail 62.
Southern Arizona.
10. Tropidonotus pealii.
Tropidonotus pealii, 1”. LZ. Selater, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. \x. 1891,
p. 241, pl. vi. fie. 4.
Kye moderate. Rostral just visible from above; internasals
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 21
broadly truncated anteriorly, shorter than the prafrontals; frontal
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals ; loreal nearly square; one or two pre- and two or three
postoculars ; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19
rows, strongly keeled, outer row also keeled but not so strongly as
the rest. Ventrals 142-144; anal entire; subcaudals 75-77.
Dark brown above, with a narrow light longitudinal line on each
side, and a broader stripe, two scales wide, below it; head dark
brown above, the upper aud lower labials and rostral yellow, edged
and blotched with brown ; ventrals very dark brown, each tipped
laterally with light yellow; an indistinct yellow line along the
middle of the ventral shields, rather more conspicuous posteriorly.
Total length 500 millim. ; tail 125.
Sibsagar, Assam.
11. Tropidonotus picturatus.
Tropidonotus picturatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 314, pl. xii.
figs. 8 & 9 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 602 (1854) ; Gunth. Cat.
p- 71 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 228, and
Icon. Gén. 27, pls. iii. figs. 3 & 4, and iv. (1868); Krefft, Snakes of
Austral. p. 20, pl. v. tig. 8 (1869); Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova,
vi. 1874, p. 348; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878,
p. 388.
australis, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 54 (1842).
semicinctus, Dum. § Bibr. t. ce. p. 603.
Katophis plumbea, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 1877,
p. 30,
P tHawdaubtis angusticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. viii.
1885, p. 453.
Tropidonotus ater, Macleay, op. cit. x. 1885, p. 67.
Eye moderate. ostral broader than deep, just visible from
above ; internasals as long as broad or -longer, broadly truncate in
front, as long as or a little shorter than the przfrontals ; frontal
once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer
than its distance trom the end of the snout, a little shorter than the
parictals; loreal as long as deep or deeper; one or two pre- and
three (rarely two) postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 1+2 (rarely
242); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely third and
fourth or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales in 15 (rarely 17) rows, strongly keeled,
of outer row smooth or more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals
128-165; anal divided; subcaudals 52-82. Coloration very
variable.
Total length 740 millim. ; tail 180.
Moluccas, Papuasia, North Australia.
216 COLUBRID.
A. Blackish brown above, anteriorly with yellowish transverse
bands ; ventrals broadly bcrdered and spotted with black.
a. &o (V. 165; C. P). Ceram. Dr. Bleeker.
b. 9, bleached (V. 162; C.72). Ceram. Dr. Bleeker.
( Coryphodon carinatus, Blk.)
B. Dark olive-brown above, with small black spots; ventrals
mostly edged with black. ’
pe (Ve 142 oe: 58). Cape York.
8 (% 154; C2): Rockhampton.
e-g, hy 3 AN. 149, 151, 150, Port Essington. (Types of 7. australis.)
15: 5
BO (Vi l4G: Ge): N.W. Australia.
C. Uniform reddish- or olive-brown above ; ventrals usually uniform
yellowish.
k-o. 6 (V. 150;°C. °°), 2 Fly River. Rey. S. Macfarlane
(V. 149; C.?), & ye. (V. 150, [C.}.
153, 147; ©. 74, 82, 80).
PL OUNedaa A ie): New Guinea, S. of Dr. Comrie [C. ].
Huon Gulf.
Gan M42 Cail). St. Aignan, Louis- B. H. Thomson,
jade Archipelago. Esq. [P.].
TORN lad: 160), N.W. Australia. Sir J. Richardson
| tl
3. Ye: (V. 153; C369): N. Australia. vt y. R. Elsey
[P.].
12. Tropidonotus truncatus.
Styporhynchus truncatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 899, and
1869, p. 445, pl. —. fig. 5.
Apparently allied to 7. picturatus, but snout more prominent and
truncate, and scales feebly keeled, smooth on the nape. ‘Two pra-
and two postoculars. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142-147 ; sub-
caudals 43. Brown or blackish above; head rusty brown above,
with a white black-edged streak from below the eye to the side of
the neck; some of the dorsal scales with a light edge or spot;
lower surface blackish dotted with whitish, or brownish white dotted
with black.
Total length 425 millim.; tail 75.
Gilolo, Ternate.
13. Tropidonotus celebicus.
Styporhynchus celebicus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii.
1878, p. 386.
Distinguished from the preceding by the Jess prominent snout, the
rostral being not so deep and more vertical, and the presence of
three postoculars. Ventrals 140; subeaudals 48. Brown above,
with two irregular cchraceous stripes ; lips and chin powdered with
-
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 217
blackish ; a black collar, edged with yellow ; belly and lower surface
of tail yellow, dotted with black.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 75.
S.E. Celebes.
14. Tropidonotus fuliginoides.
Coronella fuliginoides, Giinth. Cat. p. 89 (1858); Mocquard, Bull.
Soc. Philom. (8) i. 1889, p. 145.
Meizodon longicauda, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863,
382, pl. v. fig. A; Bocage, Jorn, Se. Lish. x. 1887, p. 184.
Coronella olivacea, part., Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 114 (1882).
longicauda, Mocquard, Bull. Soe. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 69.
Eye moderate. ostral broader than deep, just visible from
above ; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, a little shorter
than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long
as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than
long; one (rarely two) prie- and three postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2;
eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 119-135;
anal usually entire ; subcaudals 75-95. Brown above, which colour
extends to the ends of the ventrals, usually with two light longitu-
dinal streaks or series of spots ; a yellow, black-edged nuchal collar ;
sometimes a large yellowish blotch on the parietals ; labials whitish,
edged with black ; ventrals yellowish, uniform or edged with black.
Total length 410 millim.; tail 140.
Tropical Africa.
Gigi WV alee ees ey. W. Africa. Haslar Coll. (Types.)
b. 3 (V. 129; C.83). W. Africa. Mr. Rich [C.]. P
Ne CV: 126; C.78). W. Africa. J.C. Salmon, Esq. [ P.}.
d. 9 (V. 184; ©. 75). Ancober River, Major Burton & Capt.
Gold Coast. Cameron { P.}.
) Mer 2 GV. 1s2; C,P).. Lagos:
f dg ree 130; €. ?), Old Calabar. W. Logan, Esq. [P.].
g. © (V. 133; (OMTEED Old Calabar.
Pe ht Sa ODE Fernando Po, Dr. A. Giinther [P.}.
(Type of J. lonyicauda. )
Se GV ons a0). Fernando Po. Sir A. Smith (P.1.
Ege é (v V 123 ; C.?). Gaboon. H. Ansell, Esq. [ Dy
15. Tropidonotus variegatus.
Mizodon variegatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1861, p. 358.
Closely allied to the preceding. Loreal deeper than long; two
pre- and three postoculars; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye; posterior chin-shields twice as long as anterior,
Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals 143: anal divided; sub-
caudals 76. Head dark brown, anterior part of parietals lighter ;
sutures between the labials black; a light nuchal collar; a blackish
218 COLUBRID&.
band along the back: sides variegated black and white ; belly dirty
white, with a lateral series of black spots.
Total length 328 millim.; tai] 106.
Gold Coast.
16. Tropidonotus swinhonis.
Tropidonotus swinhonis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868,
p. 420, pl. xis. fig. F.
Head narrow and elongate. Eye moderate. Rostral broader
than deep, just visible from above ; internasals a little broader than
long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long
as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal as iong as deep ; one pre- and three post-
oculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth
entering the eye, fifth very ne ; four lower labials in contact with
the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior.
Scales strongly keeled, of outer row faintly keeled, in 15 rows.
Ventrals 150; anal divided; subcaudals circa 50. Brown above,
anteriorly with irregular blackish spots ; occiput and nape reddish,
with a broad black collar; a black spot below the eye, and an
oblique black band on the temporal region; lower parts yellowish,
powdered with brown on the sides.
Total length 580 millim. ; tail about 100.
Formosa.
Go (VV. 1505 (CaP): Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. (Type.)
17. Tropidonotus nuchalis. (Pxuarn XIII. fig. 1.)
Tropidonotus swinhonis, var., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv.
1889, p. 221.
alis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 281.
Head as in 7. natriz. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than
deep, just visible from above; imternasals as Jong as broad or a
little broader, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one
third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than
its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the
parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or eas one pre-and two or
three postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 142; six upper labials, third
and fourth entering the eye, fifth very long; four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, anes are shorter than the
posterior. Scales very feebly keeled, of outer row smooth, in 15
rows. A very distinct groove along the middle of the nape.
Ventrals 154-165 ; anal dividane Galendale 46-50. Olive above,
uniform or with small black spots; an oblique black line below the
eye, and another between the two last labials; lower parts uniform
black, or black in the middle and olive on the sides.
Total length 640 millim. ; tail 120. '
China.
a-d. 2 (V.154, 160, 161, Ichang, Upper Yang- A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.].
165; C. 50, 48, 47, 46). tse-Itiang. (Types.)
10. TROPIDoNOTUS. 219
18. Tropidonotus natrix.
Coluber natrix, Zinn. 8. N. i. p. 380 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 34,
pl. Ixxxii. fig. ] (1803); Metaxa, Mon. Serp. Rom. p. 33 (1825).
Natrix vulgaris, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 75 (1768); Collett, Vidensk.
Selsk. Forh. Christ. 1878, no. 3, p. 2.
gronoviana, Laur. 1. c.
Coluber scutatus, Pall. Reise, i. p. 459 (1771).
bipes, Gmel. 8. N. i. p. 1099 (1788).
—— gronoyianus, G'mel. 1. ec. p. 1101.
—— tyrolensis, Gmel. l. e. p. 1102.
arabicus, Gimel. /. c.
hely eticus, Lacép. Serp. pp. 100 & 326 (1789); Daud. t. e.
. 57.
? torquatus, Lacép. 1. c. pp. 100 & 147.
scopolianus, Daud. Rept. viii. p. 328 (1803).
persa, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 41 (1811).
minutus, Pall. l. ¢.
— hybridus, Merr. Tent. p. 125 (1820).
viperinus (non Latr.), Metaaa, 1. e. p. 34.
Tropidonotus natrix, Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 534; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p. 3802 (1837); Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Mér. iii. p. 350
(1840); Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 555 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 61
(1858) ; Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 58 (1862); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat.
Phys. iii. 1865, p. 207, and Icon. Gén. 26, pls. i. & ii. figs. 2-4
(1868); Viaud-Grandm. Et. Serp. Vend. p. 12 (1868); Fatio,
Vert. Suisse, ii. p. 147 (1872); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872,
p- 393; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 141 (1873); De Betta, Faun.
Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 45 (1874) ; Schreib, Herp. Eur. p. 237 (1875) ;
Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 128 (1876); Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 418
(1876) ; Lessona, Atti Ace. Tor. xii. 1877, p. 182, pl. iv.;
pene vaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1881, p. 287 ; Ninni, Atti Soc.
Ital. xxiii. 1881, p. 70 ; Leydig, Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1883, p. 169 ;
Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. ill, 1888, p. 955; Bedriaga, Amph. et Rept.
de Portug. p- 68 (1889) ; Z eracci, Boll. Mus. Torin. v. 1890, no. 92;
Camerano, Monogr. Ofid. Colubr, Ital. p. 9 (1891); Bouleng. Tr.
Zool, Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 148; H. § T. Piel de Churcheville, Bull.
Soc. H. N. Ouest Fr. ii. 1892, p. 35, pl. ii.
hybridus, Boie, 7. ¢.
Coluber siculus, Cuv. 2. A. 2nd ed., ii. p. 84 (1829) ; Bibr. § Bory,
Expéd. Se. Morée, Zool. p. 75, pl. xiv. fig. 1 (1855).
Tropidonotus ater, Michw. Zool. Spee. iii. p. 178 (1831), and Faun.
Casp.-Caue. p. 106, pl. xxii. (1841),
persicus, Lichw. Zool. Spec. ii. p. 173.
Coluber bilineatus, Bibr. § Bory, 1. c. p. 73, pl. xiv. fig. 2.
Natrix torquata, Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital. (1884) ; Bell, Brit. Rept.
p- 47, fig. (1839).
cetti, Gené, Mem. Acc. Torin. (2) i. 1839, p. 272, pl. iv. fig. 1;
Bonap. Icon. aa, Ital. (1840).
torquata, vars. murorum & minax, Bonap. Mem. Acc. Torin.
(2) 11. 1859, p. 458.
Tropidonotus natrix, vars. nigra & colchica, Nordm. in Demid. op.
cit., Rept. pls. xi. "& xii.
persa, Lichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauce. p. 105, pl. xxi.
natrix, var. picturata, Jan, ll. ec.; EF. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges.
Basel, vii. 1885, p. 681.
fallax, Futio, 7. c. p. 158.
220 COLUBRID”.
Tropidonotus natrix, var. concolor, F. Miill. 1. ¢.
natrix, var. astreptophorus, Seoane, Idend. de Lacerta schreiberi,
§e., p. 15 (1885).
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ;
internasals at least as broad as long, trapezoid, shorter than the
prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long
as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little
shorter, shorter than the parictals; loreal deeper than long; one
(rarely two) pre- and three (rarely two or four) postoculars ; tem-
porals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ;
four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of
outer row smooth or faintly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 157-190;
anal divided ; subcaudals 50-$8. Grey, olive, or brown above, with
black spots or narrow cross-bands ; labials white or yellowish, with
the sutures between the shields black ; belly usually checkered black
and white or grey.
Total length 1120 millim.; tail 210. Reaches a length of two
metres (63 feet).
Europe, Algeria, West and Central Asia.
A. The typical form. A white, yellow, or orange collar, usually
divided in the middle, sometimes absent, bordered behind by a
broad deep black collar, which is constant.
a. 2 (V. 166; C. 58). Hale, near Salis- Rev. H. G. W. Aubrey
bury. (peal:
b, c, d-e. 9 (V. 161,165; Devonshire.
C. 55, S58), DoT Gave
173; C. 64), & ye. (V.
166; C. 66).
Sig, h. Egas. London.
2. 2 “W. 170; C. 66). England.
k. 6 (V. 166; C. 60). Gotland. Dr. Eisen [P.].
iO el 725/058). Sweden. C. J. A. Thuden, Esq.
Pi
m-n. 9 (V. 165, 168; C. Near St. Malo. an! Boulenger, Esq.
63, 60). Pale
os. 6 (V. 175; C..71), - Bologna: Prof. Bianconi [P.].
9 (V. 165, 169; ©. 64,
62 ), & yg. (V. 177 172:
1 Gs 72),
3 (V. 176; C. ?) & Tlisk, E. Turkestan. Rev. H. Lansdell [C.].
“9 (AYE OR (Ob EO):
v. Ye., two-headed —?
monster.
Ad., skel, ig
x,y. Skulls. Paris.
B. Collar altogether absent, or reduced to a small black blotch on
each side of the nape. (Var. astreptophorus, Seoane.)
ORGY. L157 = C50): Corunna. M. V. L. Seoane[P.].
Gay. 166;°C..77). Albufera de Va- Lord Lilford [P. }.
lencia.
‘-*
10. rRovrponortus. 221
a 7O (VU fers ©. 6H). Spain. P. B. Webb, Esq. [P.].
d. & (V. 168% C. 73). Oporto. Dr. H. Gadow [C. j.
af: SANG; ©: 74) Cyprus. Lord Lilford [P.].
& yg. (V. 162; C. 64).
C. Collar well-marked though widely interrupted in the middle ;
a yellowish streak along each side of the back. (C. persa,
Pall., C. bilineatus, Bibr., var. murorum, Bp.)
a-b. Her. 9 (V. 173, Bologna. Prof. Bianconi [P.].
172. C. 57, 60).
a2? (Velioy- ©: 65). Zara, Dalmatia. Dr. F. Werner [E.}.
d. Hgr. g (V. 176; Epidaurus. Rev. W. Hennah [P.].
C. 79).
e-h. 9 (V..177; C. 64) Smyrna. R. McAndrew, Esq. [P.].
& yg. (V. 174, 164,
163; C. 74, 56, 56).
t, Ye. (Vu 4st ©. 66), Valley of the R. McAndrew, Esq. [P.].
Meinder.
ke GV. 2703 Cy 63). Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P.].
Ee ATs ©, 2). Shores of the J. Miller, Esq. PA
Mediterranean.
D. Black above, checkered black and white inferiorly. (C. scutatus,
Pall., var. nigra, Nordm.)
a. Ds (NaS 5 C270), HKpidaurus. Rey. W. Hennah [P.].
6. Yg.(V.173; C.65). Enzeli, on the W.T. Blanford, Esq. [E.].
Caspian Sea, N.
Persia.
E. Uniform black above and below. (TZ. ater, Eichw.)
a, 2S tok Coal), Gotland. Dr. Eisen [P.].
GAOT toes: Oy Ue). Morea.
19. Tropidonotus vibakari.
Tropidonotus vibakari, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 207; Schleg. Phys. Serp.
ii. p. 316 (1887), and Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 87, pl. v. (1833) ;
Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 595 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 80 (1858); Jan,
Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 216; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R.
p- 174 (1878); Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (G6) v. 1890; p. 139.
martensiil, Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 1880, p. 115.
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from
above ; internasals as broad as long, trapezoid, shorter than the prae-
frontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as
broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parictals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper ;
one (rarely two) pre- and three (rarely two) postoculars; temporals
1+1 or 142; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth
(or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye ; four (rarely five)
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less strongly keeled, of
outer row smooth or faintly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 127-151;
223 COLUBRID.
anal divided; subcaudals 59-79. Reddish brown or olive above,
with a more or less marked blackish or dark olive vertebral stripe,
and small blackish spots ; an oblique yellow dark-edged band on
each side of the nape, the two converging posteriorly ; upper labials
yellow, with black sutures ; lower parts yellow, with a lateral series
of brown dots or short lines.
Total length 440 millim. ; tail 100.
Mantchuria, Japan, Formosa.
a-b. 3 (¥. 150,151; C. Chaborowka, on Hr. Dorries [C.].
59, 60). the Ussuri.
e-d. Ye. (V. 137,187; C. Japan. A. Adams, Esq. [C.].
62, 65).
ef. do (V. 148; C. 74) Japan. Leyden Museum.
& 9 (V.144; C. 79).
lo 6S (Vo Msg (C5 tc Japan. Dr. Bleeker.
a. 2 (V. 144; C. 68). Yokohama. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’
[eG AOU AI ean CG) 2 Kobe. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’
1. DON(WET2 i 3: 3). Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]}.
20. Tropidonotus conspicillatus.
Tropidcnotus conspicillatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p, 596,
fig.; Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 109.
Eye moderate. Nostril in an entire or semidivided nasa] ; rostral
twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as
long as broad or a little longer, broadly truncate in front, nearly as
long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two
thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end
of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long;
one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 142 (or 1+3); eight
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all keeled (or outer row
smooth). Ventrals 138-147; anal divided; subcaudals 40-53.
Brown or reddish above, with a dark network and two longitudinal
series of yellowish spots or cross-lines; a yellow, black-edged streak
along the upper lip, and another from the eye to the angle of the
mouth; nape blackish, with two interrupted yellow transverse
streaks; yellowish below, uniform or speckled with brown.
Total length 400 millim. ; tail 75.
Borneo, Sumatra*.
a-b. d (V. 142; C. 49) Matang.
& 2 (V. 140; C. 49).
c. Her. (V. 142; G.?), Borneo. L, L, Dillwyn, Esq. [P-]. |
d. 9 (V. 147; C. 58). Mt.Dulit, C. Hose, Esq. [C.].
Borneo.
(Types. )
* T have examined a specimen from Sinkep Isd., preserved in the Indian
Museum, Calcutta.
10. rRoPIpONoTus. 223
21. Tropidonotus parallelus. (Prare XIII. fig. 2.
Tropidonotus dipsas (non Blyth), Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan,
p- 819 (1879).
parallelus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 345 (1890).
Eye moderate. MRostral broader than deep, just visible from
above; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter
than the priefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds
as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one or
two (or three) preoculars; three postoculars; temporals 1+1,
142, or 242; eight upper labials normally, third, fourth, and fitth
entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Seales
in 19 rows, strongly keeled, those of the outer row more or less
distinctly keeled. Ventrals 163-175; anal divided; subcaudals
73-95. Olive brown above, the scales edged with blackish, with
two yellowish, black-edged dorsal stripes running along the back
and tail; a short yellow longitudinal streak behind the occiput ; a
black streak from the eye to the commissure of the mouth; labials
yellow ; ventrals and subcaudals uniform yellow, or with a black
dot on each side. '
Total length 560 millim.; tail 140.
Sikkim, Khasi Hills, hills of Upper Burmah and Yunnan.
@, ov. 166 Cs 7a). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker P.). )
be a CV. 167 =-C. 78): Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker pt |
e-d. 3 (V. 163, 167; C. Khasi Hills? T. C. Jerdon, Esq. | 3
73, 73). eras leas
e. d (V. 172; C. 86). Sanda, Upper Dr.J. Anderson !P.). { ¢
Irrawaddy. LY
S02) (Vs AGAs2G:.?): Hotha Valley, Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
Yunnan. 4)
22. Tropidonotus khasiensis. (Prare XIII. fig. 3.)
Tropidonotus khasiensis, Bowleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 344 (1890).
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from
above; internasals as long as broad, broadly truncate in front,
nearly as long as the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as
broad, slizhtly longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer
than deep; one or two preoculars ; three postoculars ; temporals
1+1; nine upper labials normally, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields,
which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, rather
strongly keeled, the outer row smooth. Ventrals 150-154; anal
div ided ; subeaudals 80-100. Pale brown above, some of the
scales edged with darker ; head speckled with black, or with more or
less distinct yellowish dots or vermiculations; labials yellow in the
224 COLUBRID.
middle and dark brown on the borders; an oblique yellow streak
edged with dark brown on each side of the nape, forming the con-
tinuation of the series of yellow labial spots ; ventrals and subcaudals
yellowish, with an interrupted brown streak or series of spots along
each side.
Total length 600 millim. ; tail 190.
Khasi Hills, Assam.
a-c. 2 (V.150, 150,152; Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Ksq. [ P.].
C. 96, ?, 80).
YE. (V. 154; C. Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.].
100).
(‘sods 7)
23. Tropidonotus trianguligerus.
Tropidonotus trianguligerus, Love, Ists, 1827, p. 585; Schleg. Phys.
Serp. ii. p. 311, pl. xii. figs. 1-3 (1837); Dum. § DBibr. vii. p. 590
(1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 70 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 261
(1864) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 225, and Icon.
Gén. 27, pl. ii. figs. 2 & 3 (1868); Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1882,
p- 282; Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1889, p. 345.
umbratus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 89 (1847).
junceus, (non Cant.) Girard, U.S. Explor, Exped., Herp, 145,
pl. xiii. fig. 1 (1858).
?Tropidonotus bellulus, Stoliezka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871,
p- 432, pl. xxvi. fig. 2.
Tropidonotus trianguligerus, var. annularis, J%scher, Arch. f. Nat.
1885, p. 55.
Eye moderate. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely
visible from above; internasals longer than broad, trapezoid, as
long as or longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to
once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from
the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as
long as deep or deeper; one (rarely two) pre- and three or four
postoculars ; temporals 24+2 or 2+3,; nine upper labials, fourth,
fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with
the anterior chin-shields, which are shcrter than the posterior.
Scales strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or feebly keeled, in 19
rows. Ventrals 134-147; anal divided; subcaudals 67-94. Dark
olive above, with small black spots ; usually a lateral series of large
triangular black spots, with the points extending down to the
ventrals, separated by red interspaces; these markings becoming
indistinct or disappearing on the posterior half of the body ; in some
specimens (var. annularis, Fisch.) the black lateral spots extend as
bands across the belly ; upper labials yellowish, with black sutures ;
lower parts yellowish, uniform or the shields edged with black.
Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 340.
Southern Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java,
Ternate.
a. 6 (V. 142; C. ?). Pinang. Dr. A. Giinther [P.].
b,c, d. @ (V. 1363 ©. ?) Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke [P |.
& her. d (V. 156, 140;
Oo G72);
e. a eo Gve Lass. C.
I- t. He 3 (V. 146, 135;
80).
10. TROPIDONOTUS.
Singapore.
District of Deli,
225
Dr. Dennys [P. |.
Prof. Moesch [C.].
P Sumatra.
lL 2 (V. 145, 146,144, Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.}.
wae Brae ateahy , 94).
mp g (Vv. 140, 159; Borneo. L. L. Dill Esq. [ P.}.
G. £2) & 9 (W. 18%, Wied te
eo iC. 73, 70),
W@ (V. Lote ee); Rejang River, Brooke Low, Esq. [P.].
Sarawak.
=t10 (ve lon. C, 81) Telang and Li- Hr. Grabowsky [C.].
& yg. (V. 131, 182; C. hong Bahaja, (Types of var. annularis.)
ose ? S.E. Borneo,
3 (V. 139; C. 69). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.}.
Me Ge 146 ; ere). Ternate. H.MLS. ‘ Challenger.’
24. Tropidonotus petersii.
(Prate XIV. fig. 1.)
Tropidonotus maculatus (non Edeling), Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871,
p-. 575.
p. 36.
Eye moderate.
above ;
sundantnsis (non Giinth.), Peters,
Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1872,
Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from
internasals as broad as long, as long as the prefrontals ;
frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper
than long; one pre-and three or four postoculars ; temporals 2+3;
nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled.
Ventrals 140-150; anal divided; subcaudals 65-78. Brown above,
with small black spots; a lateral series of black spots; upper surface
of head dark olive, vermiculated With black ; labials yellowish, with
black sutures ; yellowish inferiorly, the shields edged with black.
Total length 370 millim.; tail 100,
Borneo.
a. Her. o (V. 140; C, 76). Borneo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
Nerropra.—Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder gra-
dually enlarged. Eyes rather small and, like the nostrils,
directed upwards and outwards; internasal shields usually
much narrowed in front.
le
25. Tropidonotus melanogaster.
Tropidonotus grahamii, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 78 (1858).
melanogaster, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 389; Giinth.
Zool. Rec. 1865, p. 154.
mesomelanus, Jan, Arch, rite Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 230,
and Icon, Gén. 27, pls. v. fig. 3 & vi. fig. 2 esc
VOL. I. Q
"
226 COLUBRID.
Tropidonotus baronis-miilleri, Tvoschel, in Miill. Reis. Mexico, iii.
p. 610 (1865).
Kuteenia melanegaster, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885,
p. 386.
Regina mesomelana, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, p. 74 (1887) ;
Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 130.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ;
internasals as long as broad or longer, subtriangular, truncate in
front, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to
twice as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, a little shorter than the pariectals; loreal
longer than deep; two (rarely three) pree- and two or three (rarely
four) postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 1+; eight upper labials,
fourth and fifth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the
posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row perfectly
smooth or faintly keeled, second smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals
140-159; anal entire; subcaudals 45-79. Olive-brown above,
without or with very small black spots; a more or less distinct pale
lateral stripe running along the second or second and third rows of
scales; throat yellowish; belly and lower surface of tail black in
the middle, olive or plumbeous on the sides, or pale greyish with a
median series of more or less confluent small black spots.
Total length 580 millim.; tail 140.
Mexico.
a-f—. 3 (V. 159, 152, Mexico.
154, 155; C. 71, 67,
62, 68), Q (V. 150;
C. 55), & her. (V. 152;
C. 55).
g-t. bd (V. 152; C. 66), Plateau of Mexico, P. Geddes, Esq. [P.].
2 (V. 150; C. 55), & near the city.
yg. (V. 149; C. 64).
ke PVA o 5 CS 71). La Laguna, Juana- Dr. A. C. Buller [C.].
catlan, Jalisco,
6500 feet.
im. 2 (V. 148; C. 63) Colonia Brizuela, Dr. A. C. Buller [C.).
& yg. (V.153; C. 79). Hacienda El
Rosario, Autlan,
Jalisco.
2,0. & CV. 166, 156;"C. Tehuantepec.
66, 66).
p. Yg. (V. 142; C. 66). W. Mexico.
26. Tropidonotus levissimus.
Natrix levissima, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 124,
pl. ix. fig. 4.
Neusterophis leevissima, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 16.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
10. TRoprIDONoTUS. 227
above; nostrils directed upwards; internasals narrow, shorter than
the preefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its
distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal
longer than deep; one pra- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2;
eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals
175; anal entire; subcaudals 76. Black, ventrals and subcaudals
yellowish on the sides.
Total length 850 millim. ; tail 200.
Africa?
& atv. 176< °C, 76); ——?P Chatham Museum. (Type.}
27. Tropidonotus olivaceus.
Coronella olivacea, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 622; Giinth. Cat.
p- 39 (1858) ; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. i. 1866, p. 66; Peters, Reise
n. Mossamb. iii. p. 114, pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1882); Mocquard, Bull.
Soe. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 66, and Mém. Cent. Soc. Philom, 1888,
p. 128.
—— (Meizodon) dumerilii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 429,
Enicognathus punctatostriatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863,
p. 278, and Icon. Gén. 16, pl. iv. fig. 4 (1866).
Neusterophis atratus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 614, pl. —.
fig. 1; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 51.
Coronella (Mizodon) olivacea, Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges, 1888,
p. 48.
Eye moderate. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from
above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter
than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long
as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than
long; one (rarely two) pre- and three (exceptionally two) post-
oculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales
in 19 rows. Ventrals 131-149; anal divided; subcaudals 55-85.
Olive or brown above, with a more or less distinct darker vertebral
band, four or five scales wide, bordered on each side by a series of
whitish dots; flanks and ends of ventrals olive; upper lip yellowish,
the sutures between the shields black; ventrals yellowish, some-
times edged with olive.
Total length 580 millim.; tail 145,
Tropical Africa.
a-b,c. d (V.1388; C.?), South of Chartoum. Consul Petherick
© (V., 186; ©.-59), [C.]
& yg. (V.131; 0.71).
228 COLUBRID”.
d. 9 (V. 187; C. 65). Monbuttu, Upper Dr. Emin Pasha [P.].
Congo.
e. Yg. (V. 1385; C. 69). Congo.
ipa sleeg 3 (V. 143; Gold Coast. H. H. Evans, Esq.
C. 85). (Type of C. dumerilit.)
ig. DV. 13863 IC 32): Gaboon.
pak «(ONG 136, 146; Coast of Zanzibar.
C. P, 84).
he OWS 08 Sag); Zambesi Expedition. Sir J. Kirk [C.]
fo (V. 144; C. 65). Quellimane. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
m, Nn. 3 (V. 145, 149; Africa.
Ors De
28. Tropidonotus pygeus.
Contia pygeea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 225; Garm. N. Am.
Rept. p. 93, pl. vii. fig. 5 (1885).
Eye moderate. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from
above; nasal semidivided; internasals small and subtriangular,
truncate in front; frontal a little shorter than the przefrontals, once
and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer
than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one pree- and
two postoculars; temporals 1+ 2; eight upper labials, fourth and
fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering the eye ; five lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter
than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, smooth, faintly keeled on
the tail. Ventrals 120-133; anal divided; subcaudals 35-54.
Black above, with a very faint pale line along the centre of each
scale of several lateral series; the lines more distinct near the vent
and on the tail; beneath pale, posterior half of body and tail red,
each ventral shield with a short black cross bar on the anterior
margin.
Total length 300 millim. ; tail 50.
North Carolina to Florida.
a-b. 9 (V. 121, 123; Lake Kerr, Florida. —§ A. Erwin Brown, Esq.
C. 40, 38). (XP. ].
}
29. Tropidonotus punctulatus. (Prare XIV. fig. 2.)
Tropidonotus punctulatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 247 (1858), and Ann. §
Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 420, and Zool. Rec. 1870, p. 74; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 173 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun, Ind. , Rept.
p. 350 (4890).
Fowlea peguensis, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 57 (1868).
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above,
forming a narrow suture with the internasals, which are much
narrowed anteriorly and nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal
nearly twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 229
of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals; loreal as long as deep ;
one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 243;
nine (exceptionally ten) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and
sixth) entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales
in 17 rows, smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 142-154; anal
divided ; subcaudals 62-83. Brown or black above, with small
pale markings or dots; two outer rows of scales, and the ventrals
and subcaudals yellowish with dark margins; upper lip uniform
yellowish ; frequently a light, curved, longitudinal streak on each
side of the nape.
Total length 600 millim.; tail 150.
Pegu, Burma.
a. 9 (V. 142; C. 62). SS Zoological Society. (Type.)
b-e. go (V. 144, oan Pegu. WE Theobald, Esq. [C.].
C. $0, 83) & 2 (V.
154, 154; C. 78, 80).
30. Tropidonotus modestus. (Puarn XIV. fig. 3.)
Tropidonotus modestus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 232 ; Anders.
An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 817 (1879); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 8485 (1890).
Eye rather small. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible
from above; internasals as long as broad, shorter than the pre-
frontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as
broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one (or two) pre- and
two or three postoculars; temporals 1+1 (142, or 242); nine
upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little
shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, feebly keeled.
Ventrals 154-168; anal divided; subcaudals 96-122. Olive-
brown above, with small black spots, and a more or less distinct
series of small yellowish spots, or a yellowish stripe, along each side
of the back; sutures between the labials black; lower surfaces
yellowish, with a series of blackish spots on each side of the
ventrals, or yellowish in the middle and blackish on the sides, or
nearly entirely blackish.
Total length 600 millim. ; tail 180.
Khasi Hills and Western Yunnan.
3 (VY. 166, 163; Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
C. 114, P). (Types.)
c-d. ¢ (V. 168; C. ?) Cherra Punji, Khasi Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
& 9 (V. 159; C. Hills.
102).
230 COLUBRID,
31. Tropidonotus sancti-johannis, (Prare XV. fig. 1.)
Tropidonotus quincunciatus, var., Giinth. Cat. p. 66 (1858), and
Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 261 (1864); Blanf. Journ. As. Soe, Beng.
xxxix. 1870, p. 371; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 187],
p. 432, pl. xxvi. fig. 1. ;
sancti-johannis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 850 (1890).
Very clogely allied to 7. piscator, but scales feebly keeled, some-
times nearly smooth, the two to four outer rows smooth ; frequently
fourth labial only entering the eye. Ventrals 134-158; subcaudals
80-98. Pale olive above, uniform or with black spots arranged
quincuncially, or with two series of whitish spots along the body ;
belly uniform yellowish.
Total length 1100 millim.; tail 290.
Should perhaps rank as a variety of 7’. piscator.
Himalayas; North-west and Central Provinces, India.
a. Yg. (V. 158; C. 85). Cashmere. Sir O. B. St. John [C.}.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[P.]. (Type.)
b-h. 5 (V. 140, 148, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
143, 148; C. 98, 94, (P.].
96, 86) & 2 (V. 153,
151, 154; C. 87, 80,
84).
a: QD (VLOG AC. P). Kulu, Himalayas. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C.].
be (Ve TAS AC ar): Jamu, Himalayas. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C-_].
BD CV AGT C82): Darjeeling. T.C. Jerdon, Esq. [ P. ].
am... (Vo 14D '©.. 88). Chanda, Central W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Provinces. eal q
n. o (V. 134; C. 88). Sharigh, near W.. T. Blanford, Esq.
Harnai. Patt
oo: Tropidonotus piscator.
Russell, Ind. Serp, i. pls. xx., ¥xviil., & xxxiii. (1796), and ii. pls. ii1.,
v., xiv., & xv.a@ (1801).
Hydrus piscator, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 247 (1799).
palustris, Schnerd. l.c. p. 249.
Coluber anostomosatus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 140 (1805).
umbratus, Daud. 1. c. p. 144.
braminus, Daud. 1. c. p. 176.
mortuarius, Daud. /. c. p. 187.
dora, Daud. 1. c. p. 191.
Enhydris piscator, Oken, Lehrb, Natwrg. ii. p. 283 (1816).
Coluber bengalensis, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. \xxxii. fig. 1 (1884).
rectangulus, Gray, J. ¢. fig. 2.
Tropidonotus melanozostus, Bote, Isis, 1826, p, 206.
piscator, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535.
mortuarius, Bove, l. ¢.
Coluber hippus, Reuss, Mus. Senckenb. i, 1834, p. 150, pl. ix. fig. 2.
10. TROopIDONoTUS. 231
Tropidonotus quincunciatus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 307, pl. xii.
figs. 4 & 5 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 592 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p- 63 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 260.(1864).
umbratus, Schleg. l.c. p. 309.
, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 89 (1847).
Amphiesma flavipunctatum, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 5038.
Tropidonotus tytleri, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxii. 1863, p. 88.
flavipunctatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 270.
striolatus, Theob. Cut. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 55 (1868).
— quineunciatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 224,
and Icon. Gén, 27. pl. i. (1868); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xxxix. 1870, p. 190; Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 821
(1879) ; Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Naturk, 1888, p. 76.
piscator, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 349, fig. (1890).
Eye rather small, shorter than its distance from the nostril in the
adult. Rostral visible from above; internasals much narrowed
anteriorly, subtriangular, with the anterior angle truncated, as long
as the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as
broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long
as the parietals or a little shorter; loreal nearly as long as deep ;
one pre-and three (rarely four) postoculars; temporals 2+2 or
2+4+3 (rarely 1+2); nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less strongly
keeled, of two or three outer rows smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals
125-150; anal divided; subcaudals 70-90. Yellowish or pale
olive above, with black spots or stripes ; two oblique black streaks,
one below and the other behind the eye,
Total length 1200 millim.; tail 300. é,
India, Burma, Southern China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and
Archipelago.
A. Above with black spots arranged quincuncially ; these spots
may be so large as to occupy nearly the whole upper surface,
the animal appearing black with small yellowish spots; belly
uniform yellowish.
a, bs Her, 2) (Ws 148, 150; Sind. Messrs. y. Schlagin-
_. C, Bier). tweit [C.].
c,d. 9 (V. 160, 141; C.?, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
90).
e-f. Yg.(V.141, 134; C.?,?). Benares. Dr. Sayer [P.].
g-h. 3 (V. 140; C. 90) & Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.].
‘yg. (V. 186; C. 84).
t. Yo. (V. 1386; C. 84). Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. [P.].
kt & (V. 141; C.?) & yg. Anamallays. — Col. Beddome [C. ].
(V. 188; C. 85).
m. 9 (V. 147; C. 71). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.}.
n. 9 (V. 149; C. 84). India.
o. Her. ¢ (¥. 183; C. 87). Near Toungoo, E. W. Oates, Esq.[P.].
es CULV kao. OP). Singapore, Gen. Hardwicke | P.}.
q-r. 2 (V. 145, 147; C. 78, Java. Dr. Horsfield.
232 COLUBRID &.
B, Above with black spots arranged quincuncially ; ventral shields
edged with black.
Bie atv, 14.5 'C. 70). Canton. Haslar Collection.
t-u. $ (V. 136, 185 ; 0.0, 7). < Siam. M. Mouhot [C. }.
Pace V. 188); ©. By Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.].
w. o (V. 180; C. 79). Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
ax. Her. 3 (Vv. 134; C. 75). Java. Dr. Horsfield.
y. Skull. Java.
C. Above with black stripes, four on the nape, five on the body ;
ventral shields edged with black. (7'. melanozostus, Boie.)
2
2 (V. 145; C.?). Borneo.
. Yg. (V. 141; ©: 70). Java.
=I
33. Tropidonotus asperrimus. (Puiate XV. fig. 2.)
Tropidonotus quincunciatus, var., Giinth. Cat, p. 66 (1858), and Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 261 (1864) ; F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887,
p. 264.
piscator, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 849 (1890).
asperrimus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 281 ;
F, Miill. Festschr. nat. Ges. Basel, 1892, p. 204.
Very closely allied to 7. piscator, but scales very strongly keeled,
the keels forming sharp, strongly raised, continuous lines along the
hinder part of the body and on the tail; only the outer row of scales
smooth. Ventrals 130-146; subcaudals 64-95. Anterior half of
body pale olive or reddish, with two series of more or less distinct
alternating large roundish or rhomboidal, dark olive or brown,
black-edged spots, which are partly confluent on the vertebral line
and sometimes form a sinuous band; posterior part of body uniform
dark olive, or olive with blackish spots arranged quincuncially ; two
oblique black lines, one below, the other behind the eye; lower
parts uniform yellowish.
Total length 820 millim.; tail 210.
Ceylon.
a-b,c-d. 9 (V.131; C.64) Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
& yg. (V. 138, 137, 142;
C. 90, 90, 80).
esOUCVE 141; C. 81). Near Candy. Capt. Gascoigne [ P. |.
f Her. (V. 143 C. oD: Punduloya, 4000 ft. E. I. Green, Ksq.| P. }.
qs Nee Velote Cy E) Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P. ].
i Ven: 131: C. 85). Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C.].
a. (V. 183; C. 85), Ceylon. Zoological Society.
k-l, m-n. 2 (Vv. 137, 146; Ceylon.
C.?, 83), her. (Vv. 138 ;
CP), A ero Cyeelas
Ci 71),
yee
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 233
54. Tropidonotus annularis.
Tropidonotus annularis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 151;
Giinth. Cat. p. 67 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p,. 261 (1864); Jan,
Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 225.
—— chinensis, Berthold, Gétting. Nachr. 1859, p. 180.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
above; nasal usually semidivided; internasals longer than broad,
much narrowed anteriorly, as long as or longer than the preefrontals ;
frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its
distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ;
loreal as deep as long or longer; one preocular ; two postoculars
- +one subocular; temporals 2+3 (rarely 1+3); eight or nine
upper labials, fourth or fifth (rarely fourth and fifth) entering the
eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are shorter than the posterior. Scales very strongly keeled,
of outer row smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 145-161; anal
divided ; subcaudals 54-69. Olive above, with small black spots ;
labials yellow, with black sutures ; sides and lower parts yellow
or red, with regular black cross bands, which may be interrupted in
the middle.
Total length 820 millim.; tail 150.
China.
a-d. 2 (V. 148, 147, 145; Mountains North of A. E. Pratt, Esq.[C.].
C. 54, ?,?) & yg. (V. 153; Kiu Kiang.
C. 69).
ee Se) CvesLOl 20.257). Chi Kiang. Mr. Fortune [C.].
Frat Ve leks GC, 60): Ningpo.
g, &. 2 (V. 147, 153; C.?, Formosa. R.Swinhoe, Esq.{C. }.
54).
35. Tropidonotus tessellatus.
Coronella tessellata, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 87 (1768).
Coluber hyqrus, Pall. Reise, i. p. 459 (1771) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 438
(1803) ; Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As, iii. p. 36 (1811) ; Rathke, Mém. Sav.
Etr. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii. 1837, p. 306, pl. i. figs. 1-7.
tessellatus, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Ophiol. p. 60 (1790) ; Mikan,
in Sturm, Deutschl. Faun. iii. Heft 4, pl. — (1805); Frivaldsky,
Mon. Serp. Hung. p. 46 (1825).
hydrophilus, Lindaker, Abh. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. i. 1791, p. 128.
Enhydris caspia, Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 282 (1816).
Coluber gabinus, Metava, Mon. Serp. Rom, p. 34, pl. —. fig. 1
(1823).
Tropidonotus tessellatus, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 179 (1880).
Coluber ponticus, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-~As. ili. p. 88.
Tropidonotus hydrus, Lichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 172 (1881) ; Nordm. in
Demid. Voy. Russ, Mér. iii. p. 349, Rept. pl. x. (1840); Evchw.
Faun. Casp.-Caue. p. 110, pl. xxiv. (1841) ; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 564
(1854); Giinth. Cat, p. 63 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii.
1865, p. 220; Anders. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1872, p. 894; Strauch, Schl.
Russ. R. p. 159 (1873); Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 419 (1876), and
234 COLUBRID &.
2nd Yark. Miss., Rept. p. 28 (1878) ; W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. \x. 1891, p. 240.
Tropidonotus tantalus, Lichw. 1. ¢, p. 178.
gracilis, ichw. 1. ce.
Coluber reticulatus, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 71 (1882).
Natrix gabina, Bonap. Faun. Ital. (1882).
tessellata, Bonap. l.c. (1854).
Tropidonotus viperinus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 325, pl. xii.
figs. 14 & 15 (1887); Dum. § Brbr. vii. p. 560 (1854).
Coluber (Tropidonotus) elaphoides, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. ii.
1838, p. 242.
Tropidonotus scutatus (non Pall.), ELichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauc. p. 108,
pl. xxii.
tessellatus, Berthold, in Wagn. Reise n. Kolchis, p. 335 (1850) ; .
Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1859, p. 274; Jeitteles, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.
Wien, xii. 1862, p. 283; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 584; Jan,
Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 219; Noll, Zool. Gart, 1869,
p. 299; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 165, pl. i. (1872); Steind. Verh.
zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiv. 1874, p. 479; De Betta, Faun. Ital.,
Rett. Anf. p. 47 (1874); Schreib. Herp. Eur, p. 231 (1875) ; Boettg.
Ber, Senck. Ges, 1879-80, p. 160; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose.
1881, p. 290; Leydig, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 174; Boettg.
in Radde, Faun. Casp.-Geb. p. 71 (1886) ; Noll, Zool. Gart. 1888,
p- 242; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 934 ; Camerano, Mon. Ofid.
Ltal., Colubr, p.23 (1891) ; Méhely, Beitr. Mon. Kronstadt, Herp.
p. 35 (1892).
angusticeps, part., Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855,
p. 298.
tessellatus, var. flavescens, Werner, Verh, zool-bot. Ges. Wien,
xli. 1891, p. 766.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from
above; nasal usually semidivided; internasals usually as long
as broad or longer, subtriangular, truncate in front, as long or
nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice
as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from
the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreals as deep as
long or longer ; two (rarely one or three) preeoculars, with or without
a small subocular below ; three postoculars, often with one or two
suboculars below; temporals 1+2; eight (rarely seven) upper
labials ; fourth (third) or fourth and fifth entering the eye; five
(rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of
outer row smooth or feebly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 160-197 ;
anal divided ; subcaudals 48-86. Olive or olive-grey above, uniform
or with dark spots usually arranged quincuncially ; a more or less
distinct A-shaped dark band on the nape; upper labials yellowish,
with dark sutures; lower parts yellow or red, marbled or checkered
with black, or nearly entirely black.
Total length 1058 millim.; tail 200.
Italy, Switzerland south of the Alps, Middle Rhine and Moselle
Valleys, Bohemia, and the whole of South-eastern Europe; South-
western and Central Asia.
a. Hgr. Q (V. 172; C. 56).
b 3
ef o (V. 167, 170; C. P,
63) & ye. (V. 167, 169;
C.
10. TRoprpoNnotts. 939
A. Fourth and fifth labials entering the eye.
Ivrea, Aoste Valley, Count M.G. Peracca
Italy. E
Galilee.
Lake Phiala, under
Mt. Hermon.
(V. 166; C. 68). Canon Tristram tot
Canon Tristram [C. |.
54, 62).
g-t. 3 (V. 168; C.66) & 2 Merom. Canon Tristram [C. }.
(V. 163, 169; G. 48, 50).
k. 2 (V. 163; C. 51). Jerusalem. Canon Tristram [C. }.
lm. g (V. 171, 177); C. Mesopotamia. Commander Jones.
70, 69).
B. Fourth (exceptionally third) labial entering the eye.
n. 2 (V. 166; C. 66).
Ore ve leas Ce P).
poo (Vs 166: C. 64).
q. 2 (V. 167; C. 62).
POAC Miia 204
4. Hpr. 2. (V.176;
+O
tei CV. 10; C).77).
Mra (Ve hie. 77).
v.d (V. 176; C. 64).
w-x, yz. ¢g (V.
TL), DV. 168 ;
69, 59).
a-S. ¢ (V.178, 170; C. 69,
C. 62),
& yg. (V. 185; C. 79).
e-¢<. 3 (V. 178; C. 62) &
y
69), 2 (V. 163;
g. (V. 168; C. 61).
n.d (V. 182; C. 68).
eae 182; C. 72).
C. 61).
166); .C,
C. 60),
& ye. (V. 162, 159; ©
Lake Trasimene, nr.
Perugia, Tuscany.
Italy.
Baden, near Vienna.
Hungary.
Odessa.
Elizabethpol.
Anan, Mazandaran,
North of Teheran.
Enzeli, on the Cas-
pian Sea,N. Persia.
Persia.
Fao, South of Bu-
shire, Persian
Gulf.
Mesopotamia.
Euphrates Expedi-
tion.
Kuldja.
Kashgar.
Count M. G. Peracca
emg?
Prof. Bianconi ! P.}.
Dr. F. Werner | P.].
Lord Arthur Buesall
LP. |.
St. Petersburg Mus.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
E
LE.)
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
W. D.Cumming,Esq.
ews
Commander Jones.
Rev. H. Lansdell{C. |.
Rey. H. Lansdell|C. |.
36, Tropidonotus viperinus.
? Coluber maurus, Linn. S. N.i. p. 879 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 143
(1803).
Coluber viperinus, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 49, pl. — (1802); Daud. Rept.
vii. p. 125 (1803) ;
Natrix cherseoides, Wagl. in Spix,
(1824).
Dugés, Ann, Se. Nat.
ocellata, Wagl. /. c. p. 82, pl. xi. fig. 1.
(2) ili. 1835, p. 158.
Serp. Bras, p. 29, pl. x. fig. 2
Tropidonotus viperinus, Bove, Lsis, 1827, p. 554; Giinth. Cat. p. 62
(1858) ;
(1862) ;
Jan, Arch, f- Nat. 1859, p. <
274; Strauch, Erp, Alg. p. 59
De Betta, Atti Ist. Ven. (2) x. 1865, p: 538; Jan, Arch.
Zool, Anat. Phys. iil. 1865, p. 221, and Icon. Gén. 25, pl. Vi. (1867) ;
Viaud-Grandmarais, Et. Serp. Vend. p. 15 (1868) ;
Fatio, Vert.
Suisse, iil. p. 157 (1872); De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 48
(1874) ;
Schreib. Herp. Eur, p. 226 (1875);
Lataste, Herp. Gir.
236 COLUBRID”.
p- 188 (1876); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 101; De
Betta, Atti Ist. Ven. (7) 1. 1883, p.934; Bedriaga, Amph. et Rept.
de Portug. p. 71 (1890) ; Camerano, Mon, Ofid. Ital., Colubr, p. 30
(1891); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 149.
Tropidonotus oppelii, Bore, 7. e.
tessellatus, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 179 (1830).
Natrix viperina, Bonap. Faun, Ital. (1834) ; Gené, Mem. Ace. Torin.
(2) i. 1839, p. 269, pls. ii. & iii.
Coluber viperinus, var. aurolineatus, Gervais, Ann. Sc. Nat. (2) vi.
1836, p. 312.
Tropidonotus viperinus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 325 (1887) ;
Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 560 (1854).
(Coronella) tesselatus, Eichw. N. Mém. Soc. Nat. Moscou, ix.
1851, p. 440.
chersoides vel ocellatus, Dum. §& Bibr. t. c. p. 562; Lataste,
CR. Soc, Linn, Bord. 1874, p. clxxiii.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ;
nasal usually semidivided ; internasals as long as broad or longer,
subtriangular, truncate in front, as long as the prefrontals; frontal
once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from
the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as deep as
long, or a little deeper; one or two preoculars; two postoculars ;
. temporals 1+2 or 1+383; seven upper labials, third and fourth
entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales
strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or feebly keeled, in 21 (rarely
23) rows. Ventrals 147-160; anal divided ; subcaudals 47-72.
Grey, brown, or reddish above, with a black zigzag dorsal band and
a lateral series of black ocellar spots with a yellow centre; a more or
less distinct oblique dark band on the temple, and another on each
side of the nape; labials yellow, with black sutures; belly yellow
or red, checkered with black, or entirely black.
Total length 850 millim.; tail 170.
France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal, Barbary.
A. Typical form.
a-b. § (V. 148; C. 59) & Tanaro Valley, Pied- Count M.G. Peracca
yg. (V. 150; C. 58). mont. [ate
c-d. Her. 3 (V.151; C.?) Sardinia. Count M. G. Peracca
& 2 (V. 156; C. 54). Ea
e. Yg. (V. 148; C. 53). Albufera de Valen- Lord Lilford [P.}.
cia, Spain.
7. (VY. 151; C..64). Seville. M. V. L. Seoane [P. |.
g-t. 3 (V. 155; C. 56), 9 Alemtejo, Portugal. Dr. H. Gadow [C.].
(V. 151; C. 47), & yg. (V.
158; C. 58)
k-l. g (V. 157,151; C.61, Serra de Gerez, S. Dr. H. Gadow [C.].
61). Portugal.
mn. Her. ¢ (V. 152; C. Tangier. Mr. Fraser [C.].
62) & her. 9 (V. 154;
C. 53).
o-p. 2 (V. 154; C. 57) & Tangier. M. H. Vaucher [C. }.
yg. (V. 157; C. 51).
10. TROPIDONOTUs. 207
q- 2 (Se. 23; V.155; C.53). Hamman Rirha, Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
Algeria.
r-s. Yg. (V. 158, 150; C. St. Barbe, Algeria. Dr.R.Blanchard [P.].
56, 60).
t. 9 (V. 153; C. 50). Biskra.
wu. Yg. (V. 152; C. 52). Tuggurt, Algerian Dr.R.Blanchard { P.].
Sahara.
v-y. 2 (V. 152,154; C.50, Tunis, Mr. Fraser [C.].
47), ber. Se¢v..151; C.
50), & yg. (V. 147; C.57).
Peaecaeasv. tov; C. N. Africa. Zoological Society.
58).
a. Skull. Algeria.
B. Two yellow or reddish longitudinal dorsal lines in addition to
the usual markings. (NV. ocellata, Wagl., C. aurolineatus, Gerv.,
TL. oppelri, Boie, 7. chersoides, D. & B.)
a. Hgr. 5 (V. 149; C.?). Mountain streamsof Col. Irby [P.].
Algeciras.
6. a Uae C.72). Alemtejo, Portugal. Dr. H. Gadow [C.}.
ce. 2 (V. 154; C. 53), Tangier. Mr. Fraser [C. ].
d. oY ge. (VY. 167,;" ©. 62). St. Barbe, Algeria. Dr.R.Blanchard [P.].
e. 2 (V. 153; C. 49). Tunis. Mr. Fraser [C.].
F. & (V. 154; C. 59). Duirat, Tunisia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
37. Tropidonotus validus.
Regina valida, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 334; Cope, Bull.
U.S. Nat Mus. no. 32, p. 74 (1887).
Tropidonotus celeno, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 341, and 1861,
p. 298.
tephropleura, Cope, ll. ce.
validus, Cope, l.c. p. 342; Cowes, Wheeler's Rep. Surv. W. 100th
Mer. v. p. 612, pl. xxi. (1875).
quadriserialis, Fischer, Verh. nat. Ver. Hamb, (2)iii. 1879, p. 82,
pl. 1. fig. 2.
leberis, var. validus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 28 (1883).
sirtalis, var. quadriserialis, Garm. 1. ce. p. 140.
Regina quadriserialis, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, p. 74
(1887).
Natrix valida, Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 670.
Eyes rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from
above; nasal usually semidivided; internasals much narrowed
in front, longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than
the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its
distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
loreal as long as deep, or longer; one or two pre- and three
(rarely two) postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 143; eight upper
labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter
than the posterior. Scales in 19 (rarely 21) rows, outer row
faintly keeled. Ventrals 136-147; anal divided; subcaudals
66-83. Greyish or olive-brown above, uniform or with longi-
238 COLUBRID.
tudinal series of small blackish spots; lower parts uniform
yellowish.
Total length 810 millim. ; tail 190.
Mexico; Lower California ; Arizona and Utah.
a-g,h,t. 3 (V. 188; C.?), Presidio, W. Mexico. Mr. A. Forrer [C.].
9 (V. 144, 143, 141, 142,
142, 139; ©. 70, 77, 68,
69, ?, 68), & her. (V. 136,
143; C. 76, 66).
38. Tropidonotus clarkii.
Tropidonotus fasciatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp, ii. p. 823 (1837).
Regina clarkii, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 48 (1853).
Tropidonotus fasciatus, var. iv., Dum. § Babr. vii. p. 573 (1854).
medusa, Giinth. Cat. p. 78 (1858).
clarkii, Cope, Proe. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 74; Jan, Arch. Zool.
Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 231, and Icon. Gén. 27, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1868) ;
A, K. Fisher, Am. Nat. 1887, p. 672.
ornatus, Jan, l. ec. p. 218.
liberis, var. clarkii, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 142 (1885).
Natrix clarkii, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 669.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from
above ; nasal usually semidivided; internasals much narrowed in
front, as long as broad or longer, as long as or a little shorter than
the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as
broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one prz- and two or
three postoculars ; temporals 1+3; eight upper labials, fourth and
fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Seales
in 21 rows, strongly keeled, outer row distinctly keeled. Ventrals
129-132; anal divided; subcaudals 57-70. Dark brown or
blackish olive above, with three yellowish stripes; blackish or
reddish brown inferiorly, with a yellow lateral stripe and a median
series of yellow triangular spots, which may be confluent into a
stripe.
Total length 830 millim. ; tail 190.
Florida, Louisiana, Texas.
a2 (V.18) 5 C65). Pensacola, Florida. C. Bollman, Esq. [C.}.
bo (VN. 1381/3, (C2270): Texas,
eve. (V. 13L; Cys). aN Ameren: Baye OEE edie)
39. Tropidonotus compressicauda.
Nerodia compressicauda, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 335.
Tropidonotus ustus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 340.
compsolemus, Cope, l. c. p. 368.
compressicaudus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 74; Garm,
N. Am. Rept. p. 27 (1883).
compressicaudus walkeri, Yarrow, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi.
1883, p. 154.
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 239
Natrix usta, Cope, Proc. US. Nat, Mus. xi. 1889, p. 392.
compressicauda, Cope, l. e., and xiv, 1892, p. 669.
compressicauda bivittata, Cope, Il. ec.
Allied to 7’. validus and 7’, clarkii. Frontal shield broad ; loreal
longer than deep; one pre- and two or three postoculars: a single
anterior temporal ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye. Scales in 19 or 2] rows, strongly keeled, outer row feebly
keeled. Ventrals 126-137 ; anal divided; subcaudals 66-81. Tail
compressed at the base. Dark greyish brown above, much spotted
and dotted with yellowish, or with blackish markings; belly brown
-or red, with yellow spots, or yellow with two lines of black blotches.
Florida.
40. Tropidonotus septemvittatus.
Coluber septemvittatus, Say, Journ. Ac. Philad. iv. 1825, p. 240;
Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 118 (1835).
Tropidonotus leberis, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 49, pl. xiii. (1842) ;
Dekay, N. Y. Faun., Rept. p. 45, pl. xi. fig. 23 (1842); Dum. &
Bibr. vii. p. 579 (1854); Gtinth. Cat. p. 78 (1858); Jan, Arch.
Zool. An, Phys. iii, 1865, p, 229, and Icon. Gén. 27, pl. v. fig. 2
(1868); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 27, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1883).
Regina leberis, Baird §& Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 45 (1853); H.
Garm. Bull. Iilin. Lab, iii. 1892, p. 272.
Natrix leberis, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 668.
Head small, scarcely distinct from neck. Eye rather small.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal semidivided ;
internasals small, as long as broad, as long as ora little shorter than
the prefrontals ; frontal hardly once and a half as long as broad, as
long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer ;
two pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior.
Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 140-151; anal
divided ; subcaudals 64-86. Olive-brown above, with or without
three darker dorsal stripes ; a yellowish lateral streak along the
first and second rows of scales ; upper lip yellowish ; belly yellowish,
with four brown stripes, the two median of which may be broken
up into spots.
Total length 690 millim. ; tail 160.
United States east of the Mississippi and Texas.
a-b. Hgr. g (V.143; C. 77) Bloomington, Indiana. C. Bollman, Esq.
& 9 (V. 146; C. 67). C.]
c-g. 3 (V. 140, 146, 145; C. N. America.
To ay elev... Ll ;*C.
73), & yg. (V. 141; C. 67).
oan
240 COLUBRID”.
41. Tropidonotus rigidus.
Coluber rigidus, Say, Journ. Ae. Philad. iy. 1825, p. 289; Harl.
Med. Phys. Res. p. 118 (1855).
Tropidonotus rigidus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 39, pl. x. (1842) ;
Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 577 (1854).
Regina rigida, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 46 (1853).
Tropidonotus leberis, var. rigidus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii.
1865, p. 230; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 28 (1883).
Natrix rigida, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 668.
Head small, scarcely distinct from neck ; snout very short. Eye
moderate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal
semidivided ; internasals small, broader than long, shorter than the
prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance
from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly
as long as deep; two prae- and two postoculars ; temporals 142;
seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as
long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row
smooth, second feebly keeled. Ventrals 132-142; anal divided ;
subeaudals 51-71. Olive-brown above, with or without a pair of
blackish dorsal stripes; upper lip and lower parts yellow; two
series of black spots along the belly, confluent into one anteriorly ;
a black line along the middle of the tail.
Total length 510 millim. ; tail 120.
United States, east of the Mississippi.
u. Yg. (V. 141; C.61). Pensacola, Florida. _C. Bollman, Esq. [C.].
b. d (V. 142; C. 62). N. America. Lord Ampthill | P. }.
42. Tropidonotus grahami.
Regina grahamii, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 47 (1855) ;
H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab, iii. 1892, p. 273.
Tropidonotus grahamii, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 78 (1858).
erahamii, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1861, p. 297.
leberis, var. grahamii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
p- 229, and Icon, Gién. 27, pl. v. fig. 1 (1868) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept.
p. 28 (1888). /
Natrix grahamii, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 668.
Head small, not distinct from neck. Eye rather small. Rostral
broader than deep, visible from above; nasal semidivided ; inter-
nasals narrow, longer than broad, as long as the prefrontals or a
little shorter ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad,
as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper; two pre- and two or
three postoculars ; temporals 14+ 2; seven upper labials, third and
fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior.
Scales in 19 or 21 rows, very strongly keeled, outer row feebly or
10. TROPmonoTts. 241
faintly keeled. Ventrals 156-173; anal divided; subcaudals 45-
65. Olive-brown above, uniform or with a lighter black-edged
vertebral stripe; a broad yellowish or pale olive, black-edged stripe
along the three outer rows of scales; upper lip and lower parts
yellowish, with or without a median black line or series of spots
along the belly and tail.
Total length 880 millim.; tail 130.
North America, from Wisconsin and Michigan to Louisiana and
Texas; North Mexico.
a. Yg. (Sc. 19; V. 157; C. 55), New Orleans.
6. 2 (Sec als V. 158 ;.C, 52). N. America.
ce. O (Se. 19: V. 1638's, C. 45). Mexico.
d-e. 2 (Sc. 21; V. 168, 153 ; ?
C. 53, 63).
43, Tropidonotus ferox.
Coluber mortuarius (non Daud.), Kuhl, Beitr. p. 96 (1820).
Tropidonotus mortuarius, Schleg. Phys. Serp., ii. p. 330 (1837) ; Cope,
Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 309.
ferox, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 355, pl. vi.
fio. F, and (4) ix. 1872, p. 27; F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges, Basel,
vii. 1885, p. 682.
Helicops mortuarius, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 246,
and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. i. fig. 2 (1868).
Eye rather small. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible
from above; nasal semidivided; internasals much narrowed in
front, with concave outer border, as long as or longer than the
prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long
as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper; one or two
pree- and two postoculars ; two ,to four suboculars, separating the
eye from the labials; temporals 14+2; nine upper labials; five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior. Scales very strongly keeled, in 21 to 27
rows. Ventrals 187-155; anal divided; subcaudals 60-73. Dark
olive or reddish brown above, with or without black transverse
spots; belly yellowish or bright orange, usually with a lateral series
of black spots ; the ventral shields may be partly or entirely edged
with black.
Total length 750 millim. ; tail 175.
West Africa,
A. Scales in 21 rows.
a. 3 (V. 147; C.73). Fernando Po. (Type.)
B. Scales in 23 rows.
b, Her. gd (V.189; C.70). Adjah Bippo, Wassau, G. A. Higlett, Esq,
Gold Coast. 1 cle
c-e. ¢ (V. 1655; C.68), Freetown, Sierra Leone. R. Dinzey, Esq. [C.].
Q (V. 151; C. 65), &
yg. (V. 150; C. 66).
VoL. I,
‘el }
2492 COLUBRID.
C. Scales in 25 rows.
2 (V. 149, 146; Freetown, Sierra Leone. R. Dinzey, Esq. (C. ].
7%. 6b, 64)
D. Scales in 27 rows.
Be (OV. Lo22 10.2): Freetown, Sierra Leone. R, Dinzey, Esq. [C.].
44. Tropidonotus anoscopus. * Mp. 64
Tropidonotus anoscopus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, 2. 299.
Natrix anoscopus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 678.
Snout short, obtuse. Rostral shield twice as broad as deep;
internasals small, very narrow anteriorly ; frontal elongate; loreal
deeper than long; one pre- and two postoculars ; a single anterior
temporal ; eye separated from the labials by a series of “small sub-
oculars; nine upper labials. Scales in 23 rows, all keeled except
those of the first row. Ventrals 143; anal divided; subcaudals 73.
Dark plumbeous brown above, with blackish vertical bars, alternate
upon each side ; beneath dirty brownish white, each shield brown at
the base.
Total length 355 millim. ; tail 90.
Cuba.
45. Tropidonotus fasciatus.
Coluber fasciatus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 378 (1766); Catesby, Nat. Hist.
Carol. iu. pl. lviii. (1771) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 184 (1803) ; Har.
Med. Phys: Res. p. 120 (1835).
—— sipedon, Linn. t. c. p. 379; Daud. t. c. p. 148; Hart. 1. ¢.
p. 114; Storer, Rep. Fish. § Rept. Mass. p. 228 (1839).
erythrogaster, Catesby, t.c. pl. xlvi.
poreatus, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 82, pl. — (1802); Daud. ¢. e.
p- 204; Hari. U. c. p. 119.
Tropidonotus fasciatus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Holbr. N. Am. Herp.
iv. p. 25, pl. v. (1842) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 566 (1854); Giinth.
Cat. p. 76 (1858) ; Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. "hy ys. ill. 1865, p. 221,
and Icon. Gén. 26, pl. iii. (1868).
porcatus, Boie, Le.
Coluber cauda-schistosus, Hari. l. c. p. 124.
Tropidonotus fasciatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 323 (1837).
Coluber peecilogaster, Wired, Reise N. Am. i. p. 106 (1859).
Tropidonotus sipedon, Hoibr. lc. p. 29, pl. vi.; Dekay, N. York
Faun., Rept. p. 42, pl. xiv. fig. 81 (1842) ; Garm, N. Am. Rept.
p. 25, pl. 11. fig. 3 (1883).
ery throgaster, Holbr, 1. e. p. 33, pl. vil.
niger, Holbr. 1. ¢. Pp. 37, plas
thombifer, Hallow. Proc. de. Philad. 1852, p.177 ; Cope, Proc.
Ac, Philad. 1861, p. 298; Jan, Ul. cc. p. 222, pl. iv. fig. 2.
transversus, Hallow. 1. ce Garm. Bull, Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892,
p. 103.
Nerodia sipedon, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 88 (1853) ;
H, Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iti. 1892, p. 269.
fasciata, Baird § Gar. Ll. e. p. 89.
i all
+: Sn
q .
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 243
Nerodia erythrogaster, Baird § Gir, 1. c. p. 40.
agassizil, Baird § Gir. l. c. p. 41.
—— woodhousil, Baird § Gir. l. ce. p. 42.
—— holbrookii, Baird § Gir. 1. ¢. p. 48.
—— niger, Baird § Gir. l. c. p. 147.
—— rhombifer, Baird § Gir. 1. c. p. 147.
transversa, Baird § Gir. l.c.p.148. '
Tropidonotus pogonias, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 574.
obliquus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 248; Garm, Bull.
Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 103.
cyclopion, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 248.
Nerodia couchii, Kennecott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 335.
Tropidonotus couchii, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 342.
woodhousil, Cope, /. c.; Jan, ll. ce. p. 222, pl. iv. fig. 1.
bisectus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. 1887, p. 146.
Natrix fasciata, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 392, and
xiv. 1892, p. 670.
—— bisecta, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 670.
fasciata pleuralis, Cope, l. c. p. 672.
—— rhombifera, Cope, /. c. p. 673.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ;
internasals much narrowed in front, as long as broad or a little
longer, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and
two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from
the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as
deep or deeper ; one (rarely two) pre- and three (rarely two) post-
oculars ; temporals 1+2 or 143; eight upper labials, fourth or
fourth and fifth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the
posterior. Scales in 23 to 27 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row
more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 128-154; anal divided ;
subcaudals 58-82.
Total length 1100 millim; tail 240.
North America east of the Rocky Mountains ; Central America.
A. (Forma typica.) Brown above, with a dorsal row of large trans-
verse blackish spots and an alternating series of smaller spots
on each side, or with dark brown cross bands ; belly spotted
with black or brown. Scales in 23 or 25 rows.
a. o (Sc. 23; V. 148; C. 75). Canada. J. Cruickshanks, Esq.
[C.].
b. 2 (Se. 23; V. 146; C, 65). Canada. Officers of the Chatham
Museum [P.].
e-d. Ye. (Se. 25; V. 186, Bloomington, CC. Bollman, Esq. [C.].
135; C. 76, 60). Indiana. :
e. Hgr. (Sc. 25; V. 180; C.?), Florida. rie Institution
f-g. Her. (Sc. 23; V. 187; New Orleans.
G. 72) & yg. (Sc. 23; V.
130; C. 77). 3 é
h-i, Yg. (Sc. 25, 23; V. 149, New Orleans. M. Sallé (C.].
149; C. 75, 80). P
BR
944 COLUBRID #.
k-n. go (Sc. 23; V.139; C.?), Cartago, Costa
(Se. 23; V. 134; C.?), Rica.
& her. (Sc. 23, 25; V. 142,
139; C. ?, 63).
0, p, g. Skulls. United States.
B. (Var. sipedon.) The dorsal spots as in the preceding but much
paler, the interspaces between them appearing as narrow trans-
verse light bands margined with black; belly with pale brown
blotches. Scales in 23 rows.
a. @ (Sc. 23; V. 189; C.68). Pennsylvania. Smithsonian Institution
esi
b. dS (Sc. 23; V. 188; C. 75). N. America. Lord Ampthill [P.].
C. (Var. erythrogaster.) Brick-red or dark brown above, uniform red
or copper colour beneath. Scales in 25 or 25 rows.
a. 2 (Se.25; V. 152; C64). Illinois. Smithsonian Institution
D. (Var. rhombifer.) Pale brown above, with three alternating series
of transverse dark brown spots, the median not larger than the
lateral ; these spots may be connected by dark brown meshes;
belly with brown spots. Scales in 25 or 27 rows.
a. & (Sc. 26; V.144;C.77). New Orleans. M. Sallé [C.].
b. Ye. (Sc.27; V. 140; C. 76). New Orleans.
ec. Ya. (Se.27; V. 1386; C.58). Louisiana.
d. Yg. (Se.25; V.138; C. 66). Mexico.
E. Like the preceding, but spets paler and smaller; belly imma-
culate.
a-f,g, h-k. 3 (Se. 25; V.143; Mexico.
CG. 81), 2 (Se. 25, 25, 25,
25, 25, 27; V. 141, 148,
139, 140, 141, 142; C. 66,
69, 67, 71, 68, 67), & yg.
(Sc. 25, 27, 25; V. 188,
137, 147; C. 71, ?, 82).
l. 3 (Se. 25; V. 143; C.?). Tampico, Mexico. Mr. Richardson [C.].
F. D. Godman, Esq.
[P.].
46. Tropidonotus cyclopium.
Tropidonotus cyclopion, Dum. § Bibr. vil. p. 576 (1854) ; Giinth.
Cat..p. 77 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 299; Jan,
Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 228, and Icon. Gén. 26, pl. v.
figs. 2 & 3, and pl. vi. (1868); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 26, pl. 11.
fig. 4 (1883).
cyclopion, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 248.
Natrix cyclopium, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 673.
Nerodia cyclopium, H. Garm. Bull. Iilin. Lab. iii, 1892, p. 271.
Closely allied to 7. fasciatus, but eye separated from the labials
by two or three suboculars, and scales in 29 to 31 rows: Ventrals
132-150 ; anal divided; subcaudals 60-79. Dark olive above, with
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 245
five longitudinal alternating series of blackish spots; lower parts
dark brown spotted with yellow, or yellow spotted with brown.
Total length 930 millim. ; tail 220.
United States east of the Mississippi, as far north as Ohio.
a. 2 (Se. 29; V. 138; C. 64). New Orleans,
b. Yg. (Se. 29; V.182; 0.79). Lake Kerr, Florida. A. Erwin Brown,
Esq. [P. |.
e. Yg. (Se. 31; V. 1386; C. 73). Florida. Smithsonian In-
stitution [P. }.
d, 2 (Sc. 29; V. 137; C. 69). United States,
47. Tropidonotus taxispilotus.
Tropidonotus taxispilotus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 35, pl. viii.
(1842) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 605 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat.
Phys. iii. 1865, p. 222, and Icon. Gén. 26, pl. v. fig. 1 (1868) ;
Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 26 (1883).
Nerodia taxispilota, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 43 (1853).
Tropidonotus taxispilotus, var. brocki, Hetlprin, Explor. Florida,
p. 129, pl. xvii. (1887).
Natrix taxispilota, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 392.
Head small; eye rather small. ostral broader than deep,
visible from above ; internasals narrow, as long as or a little shorter
than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and three
fourths as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end
of the snout; parietals very short, broken up into scales posteriorly ;
loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals
2+4 or 5 (or 1+3); eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye ;
five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 29 to 33 rows,
strongly keeled, outer row more or less distinctly. keeled. Ventrals
130-144; anal divided; subcaudals 70-83. Brown above, with
three alternating series of large quadrangular dark brown spots ;
lower parts whitish, spotted or marbled with brown, the brown
colour usually predominating.
Total length 1310 millim. ; tail 300.
Eastern United States from New York to Florida.
a-b. 2 (Se. 31; V. 139; C. 73), N. America. Lord Ampthill [P.}.
& yg. (Sc. 31; V. 139; C. 83). ;
c-d. 2 (Se. 31, 81; V. 136,136; Savannah, Paris Museum [P.],
(Oy 0 oy Georgia.
III. Ampuresma.—Maxillary teeth not more than 30, last two or
three abruptly enlarged.
Maxillary of Zropidonotus tigrinus,
246 COLUBRID.
48. Tropidonotus sexlineatus.
Dromicus sexlineatus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) ix. 1882,
p. 264, fig.
— macrocercus, Giinth. l.c. p. 265.
Leptophis varius, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. naturw. Anst. i. 1884, p. 36,
pl. ili. fig. 8.
Eye rather small. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from
above; internasals broader than long, as long as or a little shorter
than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to once and
three fourths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the
end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep
or deeper than long; one (rarely two) pre- and two postoculars ;
temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the
eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows.
Ventrals 148-157; anal divided; subcaudals 72 (9 ) to 152(¢).
Tail of male nearly half the total length, of female two sevenths.
Olive-brown above, darker on the vertebral region ; a dark brown or
black lateral band from the end of the snout, through the eye, to the
angle of the mouth ; two other more or less distinct lateral streaks,
on each side, one above and one below, the latter bordering the
ventrals ; upper lip yellowish; lower parts yellowish, uniform or
black-spotted.
Total length 1060 millim.
_ Madagascar.
a-c. 2 (V. 146, 147, E. Betsileo. Rey. W. D. Cowan [C. ].
145; C. 73, 76, 78). (Types.)
d-f. 3 (V. 152, 157, E. Betsileo. Rey. W. D. Cowan [C.].
154; C. 152, 150, ?). (Types of D. macrocercus.)
Jo 2 (Nis MAG RAC ia) e Betsileo. Rev. G. Shaw [C.].
h'2 (OV. 1465eC. 72): Madagascar. Rey. R. Baron [C. ].
2.°3 (V. 167, °C 110). Madagascar.
ky ig (VoAG2 Co) East Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.].
& 9(V. 143; C. 72).
49. Tropidonotus dolichocercus.
Dromicus dolicocereus, Peracca, Bull. Mus. Torin. vii. 1892, no. 112,
pli dip ae
Eye rather large. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible
from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once
and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end
of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as deep as
long or deeper than long; one preocular; two or three postoculars ;
temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the
eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales smooth,
in 17 rows. Ventrals 148-156; anal divided; subcaudals 97 (2 )
10. TROPIDONOTUS. a47
to160(¢). Tail of female one third total length, of male two fifths.
Back blackish or dark grey, with scalloped edges ; a short yellowish
streak may be present on the middle of the nape; upper lip yellow,
edged with black above; one or two more or less distinct black
streaks along each side of the body and tail; belly black, separated
from the lateral streak by a yellowish interspace or streak; lower
surface of tail black in the type specimen, yellow in the specimen
in the Collection.
Total length 630 millim. ; tail 210.
Madagascar.
a: 2 (Vs 148): €: 97): Kast Imerina. Rey. R, Baron [C.].
50. Tropidonotus stumpffii.
Leptophis lateralis, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 544 (1854).
Thamnosophis lateralis, Jun, Icon. Gén. 49, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1879).
Dromicus stumpfli, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1881, p. 358, and Abh. Senck,
Ges. xii. 1881, p. 441, pl. 1. fig. 2.
Ptyas infrasignatus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) ix. 1882, p. 263,
fig., and (6) v. 1890, p. 70.
Dromicus baroni, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H, (6) i. 1888, p. 104,
pl. v. fig. 5.
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above;
internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half
as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as
deep as long or a little deeper than long; one preocular (nearly
divided) not touching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals
242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four
or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 19 rows.
Ventrals 147-169; anal divided; subcaudals 68-104. Olive or
dark brown above, some of the scales with dark and light edges;
usually two more or less distinct light streaks along the anterior
portion of the body; upper lip yellowish; a black streak from the
eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts yellowish, uniform or
with black spots, which may be confluent into three longitudinal
streaks.
Total length 940 millim.; tail 210.
Madagascar.
a. Yg.(V.150; C. 96). Nossi Bé. Senckenberg Mus. [E. ].
(As typical of D. stwmpffi.)
b-d. Q (V. 157, 155, Ankafana, Betsileo. Rev. W. D. Cowan
16S); C.F, 71, 68). [C.]. (Types of P.
infrasignatus. )
BO (VE =. C- 70). Madagascar. Rev. R. Baron [C.].
(Type of D. baroni.)
f-g. Hgr. d (V. 167, Tamatave, M. Majastre [C.].
169; C, 104, 100).
248 COLUBRID.
hi. Her. do (V. 168; Sahambendrana, M. Majastre [C.].
C. 96) & @ (V. 160; C. Madagascar.
C. 91).
k-m. & (V. 147, 148; Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.].
we do, 75) 1 2
(V. 151; C. ?).
51. Tropidonotus lateralis.
Leptophis lateralis, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 544 (1854).
Dromicus melanotus, var. ?, Giinth. Cat. p. 133 (1858).
Thamnosophis lateralis, part., Jan, Elenco, p. 82 (1863).
Dromicus madagascariensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872,
p- 22.
Aheetulla lateralis, Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 33.
Philothamnus lateralis, Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 526. 3
Closely allied to the preceding, but eye not quite so large and
frontal longer, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad;
temporals 242, rarely 1+2. Dark brown or blackish above, with
a white lateral stripe extending to the end of the tail; upper lip and
lower parts white, with a black dot at the outer end of each ventral
shield; belly rarely speckled with black.
Total length 570 millim.; tail 165.
Madagascar.
a, b. § (V.158; C.93) & 29 Madagascar. (Types of D. mada-
(V. 168; @.): gascartensts. )
ed. 6 (Vi. 165; (CoP) id 2 Madagascar. Rev. R. Baron [C.].
(V. 1513 C:78).
ef. § (V. 156; C. ?) & 9 Kast Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.].
(V. 162; C. ?).
g. & (V. 149; C. 91). —-? Zoological Society.
Ye
ne yi
52. Tropidonotus platyceps.
Tropidonotus platyceps, Blyth, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854,
p- 297 ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 162, and Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 264, pl. xxii. fig. D (1864); Stolczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xxxix. 1870, p. 191; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p.176; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 174 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p: 343 (1890).
Herpetoreas sieboldii, Giinth. ll. ec. pp. 156, 257; Theob. Cat. Rept.
As, Soc. Mus. p. 54 (1868), and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 172 (1876).
Zamenis himalayanus, Steind. Sitzb. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvii. 1867,
p. 513, 'pl. xiii. fig. 1.
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
above; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, shorter than
the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad,
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes
divided); two or three postoculars; temporals 1+1, or 1+2, or
2+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ;
four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are much shorter than the posterior, Scales in 19 rows,
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 249
faintly or feebly keeled. 177-235 ventrals; anal divided; sub-
caudals 75-107. Olive-brown above, with small black spots;
frequently two black parallel lines or an elliptic marking on the
nape; a light, black-edged streak on each side of the head, or a
black line from eye to gape; belly yellowish, with or without
blackish dots; frequently a black line or series of elongate blackish
spots along each side of the belly ; lower surface of tail frequently
mottled with blackish; throat sometimes black.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 230.
Himalayas and Khasi Hills.
a-d. $(V. 282; C.92) Cashmere, 10,000 feet. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [C.].
& 9 (V.217, 212,204;
C. 88, 75, 86).
ef. & (V. 206, 202; Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
C. 102, 100). (P.}.
g. 3 (V. 206; C.90). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C.]. (Type of
HT. sieboldiz.)
hi. 3 SK 214, 177; Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
C. 86, 92). tweit [C.].
k-l. 3 (V. 202; C.95) Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.].
& 2(V. 184; C. 98).
mn. 3 (V. 196, 193; Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [ P.].
C. 10752).
535. Tropidonotus tigrinus.
Tropidonotus tigrinus, Boze, Isis, 1826, p. 205; Schleg. Phys. Serp.
i. p. 315 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 85, pl. iv. (1838);
Giinth. Cat. p. 71 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 271 (1864);
Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 176 (1873).
Amphiesma tigrinum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 732 (1854) ; Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Ph Ys. iii. 1865, p. 238, and Icon. Gén. 29, pl. 1. fig. 2
(1868).
poeeneats lateralis, Berthold, Gotting. Nachr. 1859, p. 180; Jan,
Ul. ce. p. 220, Icon. 25, pl. v. fic. 1 (1867).
orientalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 391, and Ann.
§ Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 59, pl. ix. fig. 3; Strauch, Voy.
Przewalski, Rept. p. 48 (1876).
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ;
internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than the
prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long
as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper; two pre- and
three or four postoculars; temporals 1+2 (rarely 2+2); seven
upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or
keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 147-166; anal divided; subcaudals
55-84. Olive above, with more or less distinct black cross bands
or large alternating spots; a series of light spots may be present on
each side of the back; a series of black and red spots on each side
of the neck; upper lip yellowish, the sutures between the shields
250 COLUBRID &.
black ; a black spot or oblique streak below the eye, and a triangular
black blotch or oblique band on the temple, descending to the
angle of the mouth; a more or less distinct black nuchal collar ;
lower parts yellowish or pale olive anteriorly, usually with a lateral
series of black spots, olive-grey posteriorly spotted with black, or
nearly entirely black.
Total length 890 millim. ; tail 200.
Mantchuria, China, Japan, Cochin China, Siam.
a-e. 3 (V. 162, 159, 158; Japan.
C. 78, ?, 84) & 9 (V. 163,
164; C. 74, 71).
f-h. 3 (V. 160; C.76) & 2 Kobe, Japan. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’
(V. 163, 166; C. 80, 72).
« 3 (V. 159; C. 68). Gensan, Corea. J. H. Leech, Esq. [P.].
k, l. g (V. 153; C. 63) & Peking. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C. ].
yg. (V. 164; C. 60). , (Types of 7. orientalis.)
mp. $ (V. 150,161,154; Chefoo. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].
C. 64, 57, 65) & O (V.
Log, O52):
qg. 9 (V. 160; C. 55). Ningpo. ,
POU, ogc A@ ca): Mountains north A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.].
of Kiu Kiang.
8.) 2 0V.. 1605 4C56): Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [P. ].
04. Tropidonotus pryeri.
Tropidonotus pryeri, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 149, pl. xviii.
fig. 3.
Form slender. Eye rather large. Rostral broader than long,
scarcely visible from above ; internasals as broad as long, trapezoid,
as long as the prefrontals: frontal once and two thirds as long as
broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little
shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one
pre- and three postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 (rarely 142); eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals
171-181; anal divided; subcaudals 114-128. Anterior part of
body with large alternating black elongate spots, separated by a
narrow stripe of pale olive on the vertebral line, by broader
yellowish vertical bars on the sides; head dark olive, above spotted
or marbled with black; upper lip yellowish, the sutures between
the anterior upper labials black; an oblique black streak across the
seventh upper labial ; a yellow spot, surrounded with black, at the
extremity of the jaws; hinder part of body with a series of black
dorsal spots and a lateral series of light spots; lower parts
yellowish, the hinder part of the body with a series of black streaks
along each side of the ventrals, becoming confluent into a lateral
black line on the subcaudals.
Total length 930 millim. ; tail 300.
Loo Choo Islands.
10. TROPIDONOTUS. | 251
a-d. 3 (V. 180, 181,181; Loo Choo Islands. H. Pryer, Esq. [P.].
C. 121, ?, 128) & 9 (V. (Types.)
476'; C22).
ef. 2 (V.177; C.114) & Great Loo Choo Island. Mr. Holst [C.],
Vea Veuws Orb),
55. Tropidonotus himalayanus.
Xenodon macrophthalmus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 58 (1858).
Tropidonotus macrophthalmus, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 262
(1864),
— himalayanus, Giinth. 1. c. p. 265, pl. xxii. fig. H; Anders.
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 178; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xl. 1871, p. 484; Bowleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 347 (1890); W.
L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. \x. 1891, p. 240.
Eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
above ; internasals about as broad as long, broadly truncate in front,
as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals: frontal about
once and a half as long as broad, as long as or slightly longer than
its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than
the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long;
one (rarely two) pre- and two or three postoculars ; temporals
2+2 or 2+3 (rarely 141); eight (rarely nine) upper labials,
fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, of
outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 158-170; anal
divided; subcaudals 79-90. Olive above, with small dark spots
and two longitudinal series of small whitish spots or narrow cross
bars; a more or less distinct blackish blotch on the nape, separated
from the head by a yellow or orange collar, which is usually inter-
rupted on the middle line; upper labials yellowish, with black
sutures; lower parts yellowish, speckled with brown or black, or
nearly entirely greyish olive or blackish.
Total length 830 millim. ; tail 200.
Eastern Himalayas and Assam Hills.
G2 CV 1rd: C..P): Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]. |
b. (V.170; C. 86). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit[C. }. |
(Types. )
ce. Yg. (V.168; ©.88). Sikkim,4000ft. Sir J. Hooker [P.}.
(One of the types of X. macrophthalmus.)
df. 2 (V. 168, 164; Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
C. 82, 88) & yg. (V.
g. d (V. 166; C.?). Darjeeling. © W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
h. & (V. 160; C. 79). Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.}.
(One of the types of X. macrophthalmus.)
t. ¢ (V. 162; C. 82). Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
k. Yg. (V.166; C. 86), Assam Hills. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
l. do (V. 172; C. 92). Assam,
252 COLUBRID.
56. Tropidonotus ceylonensis.
‘Tropidonotus chrysargus, var. ceylonensis, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 71
(1858).
ceylonensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 268, pl. xxii. fig. G
(1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 346 (1890).
Kye rather large. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible
from above ; internasals as long as broad or a little longer, broadly
truncate in front, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a
half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its
distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals;
loreal as deep as long; two preoculars; three postoculars; tem-
porals 242 or 2+3,; eight upper labials normally, fourth and
fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the an-
terior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in
19 rows, strongly keeled, the outer row smooth or faintly keeled.
Ventrals 133-141 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 48-54. Olive-brown
above, with black cross bands and a series of large yellow black-
edged ocelli along each side of the back; these markings less dis-
tinct in the adult; lips white; a black band on each side of the
head behind the eye; a black band on each side of the nape, con-
verging towards its fellow posteriorly, the space between them
yellow in the young; belly uniform yellowish, or powdered with
brown posteriorly.
Total length 460 millim. ; tail 85.
Ceylon.
a. Her. o*(V. 183; C. 54). Ceylon. (Type.)
b. fb (V.184; C. 51). Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C.].
e. Yg. (V. 183; C. 52). Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq.
eae
d. Yg. (V. 133; C. 50). Ceylon.
é. 2 (V..141; C. 48). S. Ceylon.
57. Tropidonotus beddomii.
Spilotes vittatus, Beddome, Madras Journ. Med. Se. 1863.
Tropidonotus beddomii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 269, pl. xxii. fig. E
(1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 344 (1890).
Eye moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from
above ; internasals as broad as long or a little longer, broadly trun-
cate anteriorly, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ;.. frontal
once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its
distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ;
loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular ; three
(rarely two) postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 1+2; eight or nine
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth
entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19
rows, rather strongly keeled, the outer, however, perfectly smooth.
Ventrals 131-150; anal divided; subcaudals 65-75. Brown or
olive above ; a series of yellow spots, each between two black spots
: ; 10. TRoprponorvs.. 253
or short transverse bands, along each side of the back ; upper labials
yellowish with black sutures ; a yellow, black-edged, oblique streak
from the eye to the gape; a yellow band across the nape, behind
the parietals ; all these markings becoming indistinct with age ;
belly white, uniform, or closely dotted with brown on the sides.
Total length 660 millim, ; tail 190.
S.W. India.
a. Yg. (V. 142; C. 68). Nilgherries. Col. ieee (Cal:
; ype.)
b, e-f. 2 (V. 144; C..65) Wynad. Col. Beddome [C. }.
& yg. (V. 140, 141, 142,
137; C. 74, 66, 66, ?).
g-t. 2 (V. 144; C.?) & Anamallays, 4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq.
yg. (V. 143, 181; C. (P.].
Woe ye
k. 2 (V. 148; C. 74). Peermade, Travancore. H. S. Ferguson,
Esq. [P. ].
ei 3 (V. 150, 145; C. S. India. Col. Beddome [P. ].
, 7).
58. Tropidonotus stolatus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. x (1796), & pls. xv. B. & six, (1801).
Coluber stolatus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 379 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii.
p. 161 (1803).
Elaps bilineatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 299 (1801).
Coluber bilineatus, Daud. t.c. p. 165.
en ae stolatus, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Schleg. Phys. Serp.
i. p. 317 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. Re p. 90 (1847) ; Giinth.
Cat, p. 68 (1858) ; Peers, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 686; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 266 (1864) ; Lheob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 177
(1876) ; Anders. An. Zool. Res, Yunnan, p. 816 (1879); Murray,
Zool, Sind, p. 379 (1884) ; Boetty. Ber. Offenb. Ver, Nat. 1888,
p: 79; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 348, fig. (1890).
Amphiesma stolatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 727 (1854) ; Jan, Arch.
Zool, An. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 233.
? Tropidoaotus ruficeps, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1869, p. 444.
Eye moderate. ostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from
above ; internasals much narrowed anteriorly, as long as broad or a
little longer, nearly as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and
two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, as long as the parietals: loreal as long as deep
or deeper ; one pre-and three postoculars ; temporals 1+ 1 or1+2;
eight upper labials normally, third, fourth, and fifth entering the
eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows,
strongly keeled, outer row smooth. Ventrals 120-161; anal
divided ; subcaudals 50-89. Greenish or brownish olive, with
more or less distinct black spots or reticulated cross bars intersected
by two yellow longitudinal bands, which are best marked posteriorly ;
pree- and postoculars yellowish ; lower surfaces white, usually with
a black spot on each side of each ventral.
254 COLUBRID.
Total length 680 millim.; tail 180.
India and Ceylon, and from Burma and China to the Malay.
Peninsula; Philippine Islands.
a-f. 3 (V. 155, 157, 152, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
157 ; C. 75, 80, 76, 82) Es.
& 2 (V. 152, 158; C.
78, 78).
g. Yg.(V.151; 0.77). Jamu, Himalayas. ae v. Schlagintweit
hos (V.151;:C; 78): Chamba, Himalayas. Messrs. v. Schlagintweit
[C.].
Bee (V. 1538; C. 78). Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
Se Ns 158; C. 82). Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.].
i 6 (Vedbes Cs 70). Kurrachee, Messrs. v.Schlagintweit
[C.].
m. & (V. 1525 °C. 81): Sind, Messrs. v. Schlagintweit
ale
84 3 (V. 152; C. 85) Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
& © (V.4148, 1505 0.
72, 89).
g-r. 9 (V.148; C. 66) & Benares. Dr. Sayer [P. ].
ye. (V. 1avssC.57)-
&. 9s (V.. 146> C68). Godavery Valley. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
PET
t-v. d (V. 145; C.73) & Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.].
ES (V. 144, 139; C. 70,
2).
w-z. 9 (V. 186,139, 127, Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. [P.]._
2265 C. 61, 2, 50, 50).
3 (V. 145, 149; C. Coonoor, Nilgherries, W. Davison, Esq. { P.].
"Fa, 6) & 2° (V.145; 5900 ft.
C. 73).
d,«. d (V. 140; C.?) & Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
91 (V. 140; C. P).
G Ye. (V. 22 BF C.50). Travancore Hills. F. Day, Esq. [C.].
n. o (V. 140 ; ©. 67). Candy. Capv. Gascoigne [P.].
6. 2 (V. 14 4; C. 75). Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
ip. 6 (V. 144, 120, 122; Ceylon.
C. 74, ?, 67) & 2 (V.
140; ic 62).
De? CV. do0 ene qe): China. J. Reeves, Es
an Yeove "148, 151; Chusan Archipelago, J. J. Walker, bee re. i
74, oo,
m-t, v. do (V. 147, 147; Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.}.
C. 65,75) & 2 (V. 148,
149, 149; C.75, 72 ,78).
gp. Her. (Vv. 154; °C. 70). Hong Kong. J.C. Bowring, Esq. [P.].
x. 2 (V. 148; C. P). Hainan. R. Swinhoe, Esq. te?
y-o. 5d (V. 141; C. 87) Near Toungoo. Kh. W. Oates, Ksq. [P. i}
& 9 (V. 148; C. 78).
aa-bb. 2 (V. 154; C. 69) Pinang. Dr, Cantor.
ae: Gif re oF 80).
3 (V.151; C. 80). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]}.
te. Ve (V. 146; ©. 78). Borneo (?). Sir E. Belcher [P.].
ee. 3 (Vv. 148; 6. 83). Madagascar (introduced).
4
10, rRoprponortus. 255
59. Tropidonotus vittatus.
Coluber vittatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 26, pl. xviii. fig. 2 (1754),
and 8. N. i. p. 380 (1766) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxxy. (1801) ;
Daud. Rept. vii. p. 130 (1803),
Natrix vittata, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 74 (1768).
Tropidonotus vittatus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Schley. Phys. Serp.
ii, p. 818 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 600 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p- 67 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Nat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 217.
Kye moderate. ostral broader than deep, just visible from
above; internasals much narrowed anteriorly, a little longer than
broad, nearly as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and two
thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parictals ; loreal as long as deep or a little
deeper ; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 1+2;
nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, of
outer row smooth. Ventrals 140-149; anal divided; subcaudals
53-84. Pale brown above, with three black longitudinal stripes,
lateral broadest and bordered below by a white stripe; sometimes
a pair of black lines between the three dorsal stripes; head and
nape spotted or marbled with black; labials white, with black
sutures ; ventrals and subcaudals white, edged with black, the black
edge widening on the sides.
Total length 560 millim. ; tail 150.
Java and Celebes,
a-b,c-g. 3 (V. 149,144,148; C.61, Java. J. C. Bowring, Esq.
53, 81) & 2 (V. 144, 144, 142, i}
140; C. 65, ?, 77, ?).
h-t. 5 (V. 148; C. 82) & Q (V. Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer
144; C.?). ORE
60. Tropidonotus nigrocinctus.
Tropidonotus nigrocinctus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1856,
p- 717; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 269 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 175 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 346
(1890); W. L. Sclater, Journ. As, Soc, Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 239.
Kye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ;
internasals as long as broad, broadly truncate in front, shorter than
the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little
longer than its distance from the end of the snout and a little
shorter than the parietals ; loreal slightly longer than deep; one or
two preoculars; three postoculars; temporals 1+2 (or 242);
nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a
little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly
keeled, the outer row distinctly keeled. Ventrals 155-160; anal
divided; subcaudals 81-89. Olive-grey above, green towards the
256 COLUBRID.
head, with narrow transverse black streaks; an oblique black streak
below the eye, another behind the eye, and a third on each side of
the neck ; lower parts yellowish, dotted with brown posteriorly.
Total length 650 millim. ; tail 180.
Burma (Pegu and Tenasserim).
a-b. (V. 155, 158; C.89, Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C. ].
88).
61. Tropidonotus subminiatus.
Tropidonotus subminiatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 313 (1887) ;
Giinth. Cat. p. 69 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 265 (1864) ;
Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 177; Stoliezka, Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. xi. 1871, p. 484, pl. xxvi. fig. 3; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 177 (1876); Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 822 (1879) ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 347 (1890).
Amphiesma subminiatum, Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 754 (1854) ; Jan,
Arch, Zool. An. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 234, and Icon. Gén. 29, pl. i.
fig. 3 (1868).
Tropidonotus manadensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 170.
Eye moderate or rather large. Rostral twice as broad as deep,
just visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little
longer, broadly truncate anteriorly, shorter than the preefrontals;
frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as
long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper
than long; one preocular, three postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or
243, eight upper labials normally, third, fourth, and fifth entering
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows,
strongly keeled, of the outer row smooth. Ventrals 132-166 ;
anal divided ; subcaudals 65-87. Brownish, greyish olive, or olive-
green above, adult uniform or with black and yellow reticulations ;
neck often tinged with bright vermilion ; a dorso-lateral series of
light spots may be present; a black oblique spot below the eye, on
a white ground, is usually present; young with a jet-black cross
band on the nape, bordered with yellow posteriorly ; belly yellowish ;
frequently a black dot on the outer end of each ventral shield.
Total length 1060 millim. ; tail 255.
From the Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma, and Southern
China, to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
a. Q (V. 164; C. 76). Himalayas. cD; anaes ae Esq.
b. go (V. 164; C.?). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.].
nc. /D (V. 16650386): Khasi Hills. Dr. Griffith.
d. Yg. (V. 163; C. 82). Khasi Hills. Tp Jerdon, Esq.
Pel:
e-g. 3 (V. 189; C..76), Hong Kong. J. C. Bowring, Esq.
her. 9 (V.148; C. 68), cas
& yg. (V. 182; C. 70).
h. & (V. 164; ©. 75). Toungyi, Shan States, Lieut. Blakeway
5000 feet. [C.].
10. tRoprponotUs. 257
tio (V. 149; C; 82). Tenasserim. Dr. Packman [P.1.
ke 8 (NV 4b. C. 2). Tenasserim, Col. Beddome [C. |.
i,m. & (V. 158; C. 75) Lao Mountains. M. Mouhot [C.}.
& yg. (V. 147; C. 80).
nm O(N. eC. 77). Siam. M. Mouhot [C. }.
o-p. 9 (V. 149, 157; C. Camboja. M. Mouhot | C. |.
73, 77).
ge 2°. Ikke Oe). Java. Leyden Mus.
pe av a ea tied Bara Java. Dr. Horsfield.
s. Her. d (V. 141; C.73). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.].
be OAC Ve 139 C169). Jaya. Lidth de Jeude Col-
lection.
a 2 (CV, 140; C.. 2). Java.
vw. & (V. 139; C. 76). Manado, Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer
C.}.
(Type of i manadensts. )
wo Ven volays Cu 70), Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challen-
ger.’
62. Tropidonotus spilogaster.
Tropidonotus spilogaster, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Dum. §& Bibr. vii.
p- 598 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 66 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat.
Phys. iii. 1865, p. 225, and Icon. Gén. 27, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1868) ;
Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1882, p. 282.
—— quincunciatus, var., Schley. Phys. Serp. p. 309 (1837) ; Lyd. §
Gerv. Voy. Favorite, vy. Zool. p. 69, pl. xxviu. (1839).
Eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
above ; internasals as long as broad or longer, broadly truncate
anteriorly, as long as the priefrontais ; frontal once and a half to
once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from
the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as
deep ora little deeper; one or two pre-and three or four post-
oculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 2+3,; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth,
and sixth entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact with
the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior.
Seales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row feebly keeled.
Ventrals 148-156; anal divided; subcaudals 75-92. Olive above,
with more or less distinct blackish spots forming transverse series,
which are interrupted by two light dorsal stripes or series of light
spots; usually a light spot on the nape; upper labials yellowish,
usually with dark sutures; yellowish below, usually regularly
dotted with black.
Total length 870 millim. ; tail 240.
Philippine Islands.
A, Belly with black dots.
a, b-c. g (V. 151; C. 92) Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq.
& 2 (V. 152, 150; C. C]
87, ?).
VOL. I. 8
258 COLUBRID.
Gore ave4as;,C, ?). Philippines. Hr. Salmin [C.}.
ey pO; C.86). Negros, Dr. A. B. Meyer
B. Belly without dots.
Teme (Vv. lot. C, P), Puerto Princesa. A. Everett, Esq.
Kear
63. Tropidonotus chrysargus.
Tropidonotus chrysargus, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 312, pl. xii.
figs. 6 & 7 (1837); Giinth. Cat. p. 70 (1858); Fischer, Arch. f.
Nat. 1885, p. 57, pl. iv. fig. 2; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 345
(1890).
junceus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 93 (1847); Blyth, Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1855, p. 716; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p- 268, pl. xxii. fig. F (1864); Stoliczka, Jowmm. As. Soc. Beng. xl.
1871, p. 434.
Leptophis albomaculatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 541 (1854).
Amphiesma chrysargum, part., Dum. 8 Bibr. t. c. p. 739.
Tropidonotus dipsas, Blyth, Journ. As, Soe. Beng. xxiii, 1854,
p- 297.
? Tropidonotus zebrinus, Blyth, 1. e. p. 297.
Amphiesma chrysargum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
p. 284.
—w— platyceps, Jan, Icon. Gén. 29, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1868).
Tropidonotus maculatus, var. torquatus, Mocquard, Nouv. Arch.
Mus, (8) ii. 1890, p. 139.
Hye large. Rostral just visible from above; internasals as long
as broad or a little longer, nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal
once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad,
as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals ; loreal nearly as deep as long; one or two preoculars ;
three postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; nine or eight upper
labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering
the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows,
all strongly keeled. Ventrals 148-175; anal divided; subcaudals
60-93. Brownish or olive-green above, usually with a series of
yellow spots or short transverse bars along each side of the back ;
young with black spots and cross bars, which become indistinct
with age; upper lip white, with the sutures between the labials
black, the white colour extending as a more or less distinct angular
or crescentic band on the nape; belly yellowish, with or without
blackish dots, and with a more or less distinct series of small black
spots along each side ; specimen 7 has the ventrals olive, edged with
yellowish and three dark lines run along the belly.
Total length 680 millim.; tail 190.
From the Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma, and Southern
China to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.
a. 90(V. 168; Clr): Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.].
~ oe
hk, 3 (V. 168; C. 85).
é. Q (V.157; C. 88).
175; C. 75).
k. 9 (V.
Lo. 2 (V. 162, 162, 164,
154; C.?, ?, 76, ?
Pp. You. 143; C. 60).
q. Ye (Vv. 145; C. 79
Paw ave Lap > ©.'%0).
s. & (V. 151; C. 81).
t. 2 (V. 150; C. 76).
Perak (hills over 5000
feet).
Pinang,
Mt. Singalang, Suma-
tra.
Nias.
Borneo.
Borneo.
Rejang River, Sara-
wak.
Mt. Dulit, Borneo.
Willis Mountains, Ke-
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 259
b. Yg. (V. 161; C. 85). Darjeeling.. W.T. Blanford, Esq.
ct
e Je
ce. do (V. 167; C. 92), Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C.].
d. Ye. (V. 143; Bee 91), Chikiang. Mr. Fortune [C.].
62 (V. 159; C. 90). Tenasserim. W.T. Blanford,Ksq.
[P. |.
SD (Vi 162* CoP). Tenasserim. Col. Beddome [C.’.
g. 3 CY. 165; C. 93), Burma. Prof. Oldham | P.'.
L. Wray, Esq. [(P.}.
Dr. Cantor.
(Type of 2. junceus.)
Dr. Beccari (C. }.
Marquis G. Doria
Hy. Sundermann
@.);
Sir E. Belcher [P.).
Hr. Carl Bock [C.}. if
Brooke Low, Esq.
lee
C. Hose, Esq. [C.].
Baron v. Tluegel
diri, Java, 5000 feet. ASAE
w. Hgr. 9-(V. 153; C. 82). Batavia.
Ova Ae Lots 187; C. Java. Leyden Mus.
os 2):
ty SNe loa GC: P). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.].
grageeys 161; Ceey Java.
64. Tropidonotus monticola.
Tropidonotus monticola, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1855,
p. 5380; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 267 (1864); Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 348 (1890).
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ;
internasals as long as broad, broadly truncate in front, shorter
than the priefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two
. thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper ;
one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper
labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter
than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, the outer
row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 134-142; anal divided;
subcaudals 80-92. Green above, with black cross bands divided on
each side by a pale spot; a white line across the head behind the
eyes, and a white dot on each side of the frontal; prie- and post-
oculars and labials 3 to 6, white; lower parts white.
Total length 450 millim.; tail 140.
S/W. India.
n
lo
260 COLUBRID &.
a. 9 (V. 135; C. 80) & 8. Canara. Col. Beddome [C.}.
ve. (V. 134; C. 90).
eae on Ve 140, 138; 4: Wynad. Col. Beddome [C. |.
92, 90).
e. Her., bad state. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C. }.
eo (V: 137; C. 82): ——?
65. Tropidonotus maculatus.
Tropidonotus maculatus, Edeling, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. 1864,
p-. 203; Giinth. Zool. Rec, 1872, p. 74.
Amphiesma substolatum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
p- 233, and Icon. Gén. 29, pl. i. fig. 1 (1868).
'Tropidonotus sundanensis, Giinth. Ann. § Magy. N. H. (5) xv. 1865,
p- 95, pl. ii. fig. D.
sarawaceusis (non Giinth.), Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 54.
Form slender. Eye very large. Rostral broader than deep,
scarcely visible from above ; internasals as broad as long, trapezoid,
as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as
broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than
the parietals; loreal as deep as long, or deeper ; one pree- and three
postoculars ; temporals 24+; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and
sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales
in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 144-156; anal divided ;
subeaudals 95-113. Olive above, with four longitudinal series of
small square black spots and two of yellowish ones ; upper labials
yellowish with black sutures; lower parts yellowish, the shields
edged with black.
Total length 810 millim. ; tail 270.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a. Ye. (V. 146; C. 1138). Malacca. D. F. A. Hervey,
Esq. | P.].
0. OD (Vt Ce 05). Siboga, Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker.
(Type of 7. sundanensis.)
cy Ye. (Vs 146°C. 108): Mt. Dulit, Borneo. C. Hose, Esq. [C.].
66. Tropidonotus chrysargoides. (Prats XVI. fig. 1.)
Amphiesma chrysargum, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 739 (1854).
Tropidonotus chrysargoides, Gunth, Cat. p. 71 (1858); Fischer,
Arch. f. Nat. 1882, p. 284.
Amphiesma chrysargoides, Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865
p- 236.
?
lye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible
from above; internasals longer than broad, broadly truncate in
front, as long as the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as
broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of
the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep
or a little deeper; one pre- and three postoculars ; temporals
10. TROPIDONOTUS, 261
2+4+2or2+43; nino upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering
the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows,
all strongly keeled. Ventrals 154-161; anal divided; subcandals
64-79. Uniform dark olive above; upper lip yellowish; lower
parts yellowish, the shields edged with olive.
Total length 710 millim. ; tail 165,
Java, Celebes.
GO (VEN Ce). Java. Leyden Museum. (Type.)
b. 3 (V. 154; C. 79). N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
67. Tropidonotus saravacensis. (Prarn XVI. fig. 2.)
Tropidonotus sarawacensis, Giinth. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 596, and
Zool, Rec, 1872, p. 74.
Head short, very distinct from neck. Eye large. Rostral
broader than deep, not or scarcely visible from above; internasals
as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ;
frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance
from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper
than long; one pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 24+3; eight
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five or six
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled.
Ventrals 140-154; anal divided ; subcaudals 52-89. Olive-brown
above, with a series of blackish cross bars, and two series of yellow
spots, which may be replaced by two yellowish stripes; or blackish
with bright orange spots on the anterior half of the body ; a lateral
series of black spots; upper surface of head vermiculated with
black; labials yellowish, with black sutures; belly checkered
black and yellow, or the black predominating.
Total length 560 millim. ; tail 160.
Borneo,
a-c. 5 (V. 151; C. 84) & Matang. (Types.)
@ (V. 154, 149; C. 82,
89),
d. 2 (V. 140; C. 52). Matane.
e-f. 9 (V. 144,151; C.74, Mt. Dulit, Borneo. C. Hose, Esq. | C.}.
88).
68. Tropidonotus auriculatus. (Prare XVII. fig. 1.)
Tropidonotus auriculatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 80 (1868); Peters, Mon.
Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 687.
Head short and thick, very distinct from neck. Eye very large.
Body slender. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from
above ; internasals longer than broad, broadly truncate anteriorly,
longer than the priefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and
two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end
262 COLUBRID.
of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long
one or two pre- and three postoculars; temporals 242; eight
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ven-
trals 152-157; anal divided; subcaudals 76-91. Dark olive-
brown above, with a yellowish vertebral stripe; a white lateral
stripe along the outer row of scales, expanding, club-shaped on the
temple; forehead yellowish brown, with blackish vermiculations ; a
black cross bar between the eyes ; labials white, with black sutures ;
belly white, with three black longitudinal bands, the middle one
broadest, or black posteriorly, with two series of white spots; lower
surface of tail white in the middle, black on the sides ; these markings
becoming indistinct in full-erown specimens.
Total length 400 millim.; tail 115.
Philippine Islands.
a. 2 (V. 152; C. 76). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
(Type.)
b-e. & (V. 156, 157, 155; Pasananca. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’
CG. 91, 89, 85) & 9 (V.
156); °C.5):
69. Tropidonotus crebripunctatus.
Tropidonotus crebripunctatus, Wiegym. N. Acta Ac. Leop.-Carol. xvii.
i. 1835, p. 250.
Head short, very distinct from neck. Eye very large. Rostral
broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as
broad, as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and three fifths as
long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; two prae- and three
postoculars ; temporals 24+38; eight to ten upper labials (the spe-
cimen in the collection has eight on one side, ten on the other),
fourth and fifth, fifth or sixth, or sixth and seventh entering the eye;
four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly
keeled. Ventrals 148-165; anal divided; subcaudals 96-101.
Olive above, vertebral line lighter and crossed by narrow black
bars; upper lip yellowish, the shields black-edged above; belly
whitish, with a black dot at the outer end of each shield; posterior
ventrals brown on the sides ; subcaudals entirely brown.
Total length 680 millim, ; tail 230.
Philippine Islands.
a. 2 (V.166 SE- 101). Philippine Islands. HH. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
70. Tropidonotus lineatus.
Tropidonotus lineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 686.
Apparently very closely allied to the preceding, but with a single
anterior temporal and fewer ventrals (142) and subcaudals (66).
Samar Island, Philippines.
10. TRoPIDoONoTUS. 263
71. Tropidonotus flavifrons.
Tropidonotus flavifrons, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xx. 1887,
p. 96 ; Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 140, pl, ix.
fic. 2.
Head short, very distinct from neck. Eye moderate. Internasals
broadly truncated in front, about half as large as the prefrontals ;
frontal once and a half as lone as broad, longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, shorter than parietals ; loreal as deep as long;
one pre- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 2+3,; eight or
nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye.
Scales in 19 rows, feebly keeled, of outer row smooth. Ventrals
146-155; anal entire ; subcaudals 95-99. Olive above, with dark
network; two parallel or alternating series of white spots along
each side, upper on the sixth scale from the ventral, lower larger
and on the outer border of the ventral; a large yellow spot covers
the forehead and snout; sutures bobween the labials black ; ventrals
whitish, with large black spots; the black predominates on the
subcaudals.
Total length 540 millim. ; tail 179.
Mt. Kina Baloo, North Borneo.
a. bo (V. 148; C. 95). Kina Baloo. Mr. Whitehead [C.].
Paris Museum { E. }.
72. Tropidonotus callistus.
Tropidonotus callistus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 170,
pl. xvii. fig. C; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xii. 1878,
p- 388.
Head short and thick, very distinct from neck. Lye large.
Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals
longer than broad, broadly truncate in front, longer than the
pretrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, longer
than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than
the parietals; loreal geenet than long; one pre- and four post-
oculars ; temporals 2+ 2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and
sixth entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Seales
in 21 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row feebly keeled. Ventrals
156; anal divided; subcandals 76, Black above, with a whitish
vertebral stripe with scolloped edge on its anterior half; a round
white spot on each side behind the head, and a white band across
the anterior half of the frontal and supraoculars and on the pre-
oculars ; upper labials white, with black sutures ; ventrals and outer
row of scales white, with a black band on each side along the outer
ends of the ventrals.
Total length 295 millim. ; tail 70.
Celebes.
a. Hgr. (V. 156; C. 76). N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
(Type.)
264 COLUBRID®.
IV. Macroporuts.—Maxillary teeth 35-40, posterior but slightly
enlarged. Eye very large. Body very slender.
~ Rig, 16;
Maxillary of Tropidonotus hypomelas.
73. Tropidonotus hypomelas.
Tropidonotus hypomelas, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 180,
og,
c
Eye very large. Body very slender. Rostral twice as broad as
deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals longer than broad,
broadly truncate anteriorly, as long as the prefrontals; frontal
once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the
end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ;
two pre- and three postoculars; temporals 2+; nine upper
labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior.
Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 196; anal divided ;
subcaudals 99-105. Brownish olive above, with small black spots,
and a series of pale spots along each side of the back on the pos-
terior two thirds of the body; upper labials white, with black
sutures; belly whitish anteriorly, black or blackish posteriorly,
with a median series of black spots, one on each shield.
Total length 960 millim.; tail 270.
Duke of York Island and New Britain.
Ge (Ve WO657C. 99): Duke of York Island. Rey. G. Brown [C.].
(Type.)
b. 6 (V. 196; C. 105). New Britain. Museum Godeffroy.
74. Tropidonotus dendrophiops.
Tropidonotus dendrophiops, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xi, 1883,
p. 1386, fig.
hypomelas ?, F. Miiller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1883,
p. 286.
Eye very large. Habit slender. Rostral twice as broad as deep,
just visible from above ; internasals longer than broad, broadly
truncate anteriorly, nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once
and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of
the snout ; loreal square; one or two pre- and three postoculars ;
femporals'*2+43,; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
11. MACROPISTHODON. 265
which are shorter than the posterior, Scales in 17 rows, all strongly
keeled. Ventrals 157; anal divided: subcaudals 100. Olive above,
with black spots and two series of yellowish black-edged spots ;
upper lip yellowish ; lower parts yellowish, with black spots, which
become very numerous on the posterior two thirds of the body and
on the tail.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 270.
Philippine Islands.
a. 2 (V. 157; C. 100). Zamboanga, H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’
(T'ype.)
1l. MACROPISTHODON.
Tropidonotus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 297 (1837); Giinth.
Kept. Brit. Ind. p. 258 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 341
(1890).
Amphiesma, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 724 (1854); Jan,
Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 252.
Xenodon, part., Dwn. § Bibr. t.c. p, 7533; Jan, op. eit. ii. 1863,
p. 316; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 53 (1858).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 20, followed after an interspace by a pair
of extremely large fangs ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct
from neck ; eye moderate or large, with round pupil. Body stout ;
scales strongly keeled, in 19 to 27 rows, with apical pits; ventrals
rounded. ‘Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral column.
East Indies.
Maxillary of Macropisthodon flaviceps,
Synopsis of the Species.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 2042; scales in 19
rows; ventrals 120-138; subcaudals
49-60; black, or with black cross
POEMIMEL PCP SR ec ec wae are "ke cciueesl Cuate Mai 1. flaviceps, p. 266.
Maxillary teeth 12 to 15+2; scales in 19
rows; ventrals 128-138 ; subcaudals
42-58 ; a dark vertebral stripe........ 2. rhodomelas, p. 266.
Maxillary teeth 12 or 1342; scales in 23
to 27 rows; ventrals 144-160; sub-
caudals 85-50 ; green or greenish .... 3. plumbicolor, p. 267,
266 COLUBRID®.
1. Macropisthodon flaviceps.
Amphiesma flaviceps, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 738 (1854) ; Jan, Areh.
Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 235, and Icon. Gén. 29, pl. iii. fig. 1
(1868). ;
Tropidonotus leucomelas, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 271, pl. xxii.
fig. I (1864), and Zool. Rec, 1868, p. 124; F. Mull. Verh. nat. Ges.
Basel, vii. 1882, p. 148.
Amphiesma rufotorquatum, Edeling, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk.ii. 1864,
p- 204. :
Tropidonotus flaviceps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 590; Fischer,
Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 53.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 20+2, Rostral twice as broad as deep,
just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, or longer,
shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as
long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper; one
preocular ; three or four (rarely two) postoculars ; temporals 2 +2
or 243; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or
third and fourth) entering the eye; five or six lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields longer
than the anterior. Scales very strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals
120-138; anal divided; subcaudals 49-60. Body black, young
with greyish-white or pale olive cross bars, widening towards the
sides, and of which at least traces persist in the adult; a broad
orange band across the nape, sometimes disappearing in the adult,
separated from the head, which is yellowish brown or olive, by a
broad black band ; belly olive, with black cross bands, or entirely
black.
Total length 840 millim. ; tail 190.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a-b. g (V. 128; C. 60) & Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.].
(V. 133; C. 60).
Os Ve. (Vind 2) pC. GI) Pinang (?). Gen. Hardwicke [{ P.).
(Type of 7. leucomelas.)
d-e. 9 (V.135; C. 54) & District of Deli, Mr. Iversen [C.]}.
yg. (V. 188; C. 49). W. Sumatra.
fz. go (V. 124, 124; C. 54, Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.].
k-m. 6 (V. 133; C.56), S.E. Borneo.
ye.-(V. Lala: 58).
Me NB. (Vi LOS tCeg) —? Dr. Bleeker.
2. Macropisthodon rhodomelas.
Tropidonotus rhodomelas, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 5553; Schleg. Phys.
Serp. ii. p. 310, pl. xii. figs. 10 & 11 (1837); Blanf. Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1881, p. 221.
Amphiesma rhodomelas, Dum. § Bibr. vil. p. 737 (1854); Girard,
U.S. Explor, Exped,, Herp. p. 165 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool.
11. MACROPISTHODON. 267
Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 234, and Icon. Gén. 29, pl. ii. fig. 2
(1868).
Xenodon rhodomelas, Giinth. Cat. p. 58 (1858).
Tropidonotus mortoni, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 57 (1868).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 1542. Rostral at least twice as broad as
deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad,
shorter than the priefrontals; frontal once and one fourth or once
and one third as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, a litile shorter than the parietals; loreal as
long as deep or a little deeper; one prxocular, usually with a small
subocular below ; three or four postoculars ; temporals 2+2, 2+3,
or 83+33 seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or
fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields ; both pairs of chin-shields
broad and subequal in length, or hinder pair longer. Scales strongly
keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 128-138; anal divided; subcandais
42-58. Greyish or pale reddish brown above, with a dark brown
or black vertebral stripe which expands in a V-shaped blotch on
the nape; lips, throat, and sides of belly pink, middle of belly
yellow ; a series of small black spots along each side of the belly.
Total length 520 millim. ; tail 85.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java.
a-b. g (V. 133; C. 52) Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.].
& her. (V. 133; C. 47).
ce. Hgr. (V. 183; C.51). Singapore. W. Davison, Esq.
[C.].
L
ae CVS = CUO). Matang.
e. 2 (V. 188; C. 58). Mt. Dulit, Borneo. C. Hose, Esq. [C.].
f. 2 (V. 184; C. 42). Java.
eg. GV. 28 5 C.50). —--? Col. Beddome.
~
os
3. Macropisthodon plumbicolor.
Tropidonotus plumbicolor, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 54;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 272 (1864), and Zool. Rec. 1865,
p- 154; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 483 ;
Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 176; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 179 (1876); Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 380 (1884); Boweng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 851 (1890). :
Xenodon viridis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 763 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p. 57 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 819.
Trigonocephalus ellioti, Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxii. 1854,
». 825,
Anglin brachyurum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
p: 237, and Icon, Gén. 29, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1868)..
Halys ellioti, Zheob. /. c. p. 225.
Maxillary teeth 12 or 1342. Rostral at least twice as broad as
deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or
broader, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth
or once and one third as long as broad, as long as or a little longer
than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little
268 COLUBRIDE.
shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper, some-
times entering the eye; two proculars ; three or four postoculars ;
temporals 2+3 or 4; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering
the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly
keeled, in 23 to 27 rows. Ventrals 144-160; anal usually divided;
subcaudals 35-50. Dull green above, uniform or with traces of black
markings ; young with a large A- or chevron-shaped black mark
on the nape and occiput, the point on the frontal shield, bordered
posteriorly with bright yellow; a black band from the eye to the
angle of the mouth, and more or less regular transverse black spots
or bands on the body; belly blackish, or yellowish with or without
brown spots.
—
H C. 35), CoM,
(Sc. 25; V. 148; C. 44).
to Ne (Sc. 2a. v. 151;
C. 45).
“ue Ve. (Se. 27 5 Ve aol
C. 42).
2:
5900 feet.
Ceylon.
Java (?).
LIOHETERODON.
Total length 770 millim. ; tail 90,
India and Ceylon.
a. = (Sc. 23; V. 149; Subbut Rungee, Sir E. Home [P.}.
C. 46). Bengal.
re O (Sce:9 237 V~ 160.) No ainidia: — Hearsey, Esq.
157; C. 41, 42 LBA.
d. (Sc. 25; V. 148; Lanowli, Deccan. H. Phipson, Esq.
C. 39). Pei
é 9° (Se. 25; V. 156; Poonah, Dr. Leith [P.].
C. 43).
f-g. & (Sc. 27; V. 159; Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.].
C. 45) & yg. (Se. 25;
V. 154; C. 38).
h,i-m. 3 (Sc.25; V.146; Madras. Sir W. Elliot {P.].
C. 40), hgr. (Sc. 25;
V. 155; C. 50), & yg.
(Se. 23, 23, 26; V. 152,
153, 153; C. 40, 40, 36)
n-o. 3 (Sc. 25; V. 156; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C. ].
C. 43) & yg. (Sc. 25;
V. 154; C! 39).
p- @ (Se. 23; V. 156; Anamallays,4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq.
C. 36). [PS
g-s. 2 (Se. 27; V. 15 Coonoor, Nilgherries, W. Davison, Esq.
2
Dr. Horsfield.
Leioheterodon, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén., Atlas, pl. Ixix. (1844).
Heterodon, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p- 764 (1854) ; Gunth.
Cat. Col. Sn. p- 82 (1858).
Anomalodon, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 18638, p.
297
male
Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, followed, after an interspace, by a
pair of strongly enlarged fangs; mandibular teeth subequal.
Head
12. LIOHETHRODON. 269
scarcely distinct from neck; snout pointed, projecting; rostral
large, subtrihedral ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical;
scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals rounded
or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals all or
part in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the verte-
bral column.
Madagascar.
1. Lioheterodon madagascariensis.
Heterodon madagascariensis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 776, pl. lxix.
(1854); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 5, and xii. 1881,
p. 442.
Anomalodon madagascariensis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863,
p: 227, and Icon. Gén. 10, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1865),
Portion of rostral visible from above as long as or a little shorter
than its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as the pre-
frontals ; frontal nearly once and a half as long as broad, as long as
its distance from the end of the snout or a little shorter, as long as
the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one pre- and three or four
postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like; eight upper labials, fourth
and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior.
Seales in 23 rows. Ventrals 206-216; anal entire; subcaudals
62-73, the anterior single. Brown or black above, with pale brown
or yellowish spots; sides yellowish, with two alternating series of
black spots, the upper of which may be confluent into a zigzag
band ; upper labials yellowish, with black sutures; lower parts
yellowish, with small black spots.
Total length 1020 millim.; tail 170.
Madagascar.
a. 9-(V. 206; C. 62). Imerina. . Rey. R. Baron [C.].
be QaWe ZLGEEC. G7). Madagascar. Rey. R. Baron [C.].
c, d. 9 (V. 207; C. 64) Madagascar.
& yg. (V.210; C. 70).
2. Lioheterodon modestus. (Prare XVIII. fig. 1.)
Heterodon madagascariensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 84 (1858),
modestus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 356.
Anomalodon madagascariensis, Steindachn. Novara, Rept. p. 90
(1867).
Closely allied to the preceding, but scales in 21 rows, ventrals
159-170, and subcaudals 54—62, all in pairs, or a few of the anterior
single. Pale brown above, uniform or with two or three more or
less distinct darker stripes; uniform yellowish below.
Total length 920 millim.; tail 200.
Madagascar.
270 COLUBRID.®.
a, 6 (V. 165; C. 62). Madagascar. (Type.)
Bee rOV. 166): (C..59), Madagascar.
eno. (V. 170; C. 56). Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.].
d. Her. (V. 162; C. 54), S.E. Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [C.].
13. PSEUDOXENODON.
Xenodon, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 540; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 80
(1837); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 53 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat.
Phys. ii. 1863, p. 316,
Xenodon, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 171 (1830).
Tropidonotus, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 258 (1864).
Pseudoxenodon, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 340 (1890).
Maxillary teeth 20 to 28, increasing in size posteriorly, the two
last abruptly enlarged and separated from the others by an inter-
space; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck, which
is dilatable ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales
on the anterior part of the body disposed obliquely, narrow and
much imbricate, in 17 or 19 rows; dorsals keeled; no apical pits:
ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypa-
pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
East Indies and Southern China.
Synopsis of the Species.
One preocular; scales in 19 rows ante-
riorly; ventrals 158-173; subcaudals
DONT Didibde cus tevedae’ a aieke yoke eee eae ee 1. macrops, p: 270. ~
One preocular; scales in 17 rows ante-
riorly ; ventrals 140; subcaudals 51 .. 2. dorsalis, p. 271.
Two or three proculars ; scales in 19 rows ;
ventrals 118-121; subcaudals 36-41 .. 3. tmornatus, p. 272.
1. Pseudoxenodon macrops.
Tropidonotus macrops, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855,
p- 296; Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 263 (1864) ; Stoliczka, Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 486; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 174 (1876).
- angusticeps, part., Blyth, lc. p. 295; W. L. Sclater, Journ.
As, Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 240.
Xenodon macrophthalmus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 58 (1858).
Tropidonotus macrophthalmus, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 262,
pl. xxii. fig. C.
macrophthalmus, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 77.
sikkimensis, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 17.
Pseudoxenodon macrops, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 840 (1890).
Rostral just visible from above; internasals shorter than the
preefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and one third as
long as broad, as long as or slightly shorter than its distance from
the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as
13. PSEUDOXENODON, 271
deep or deeper than long ; one preocular ; three postoculars ; tem-
porals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ;
four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less
strongly keeled, in 19 rows anteriorly, in 17 on the middle of the
body. Ventrals 158-173; analdivided; subcaudals 55-75. Brown
or olive above, with or without a dorsal series of reddish-brown or
orange spots and a dorso-lateral series of black spots; a more or
less distinct chevron-shaped dark marking, pointing forwards, may
be present on the nape ; anterior part of belly with large quadran-
gular blackish-brown spots, posterior part and lower side of the
tail clouded with brown.
Total length 990 millim. ; tail 180.
Himalayas, Khasi Hills, hills of S.W. China and Burma,
a. 2 (V. 164; C. 63). Nepal. es Hodgson, Esq
P.].
b-d. g (V. 173, 160; Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
C. 73, 68) & 9 (V. 165; [P.].
C. 68).
ef. .d (V. 166; C.?) Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esa.
& yg. (V. 160; C.57). [P.].
Gone abies C28), Sikkim, Messrs. v. Schlagin-
: tweit [C.].
h. 9 (V. ca. 175; C. 69). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.].]
-k. 6 (V. 164; C.?) & Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [ P.).
2 (V. 167; C. 60). (Types of X. macrophthalmus:) |
kc OUCV 172... ©. G5), Khasi Hills, ine Jerdon, Esq.
a!
mn. 9 (V. 158, 158; Kia-tiang-fu, Prov. A. E. Pratt, Esq.
C. ?, 55). Sze Chuen, 1070 feet. [C.].
2. Pseudoxenodon dorsalis. (Prare XVII. fig. 2.)
Xenodon macrophthalmus, part., Giinth, Cat. p. 58 (1858).
Tropidonotus dorsalis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 263 (1864),
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals
a little shorter than the priefrontals; frontal a little longer than
broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one pre- and two or
three postoculars; temporals 2+ 2; eight upper labials, fourth and
fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales
feebly keeled on the back, smooth on the sides, in 17 rows ante-
riorly, in 15 round the middle of the body. Ventrals 140; anal
divided ; subcaudals 51. Brownish grey above, with a dorsal series
of pale yellowish (reddish) transverse spots; upper surface of tail
with a yellowish, black-edged stripe ; a A-shaped blackish band on
the nape, confluent with a more indistinct one on the back of the
head ; a blackish band from the eye to the angle of the mouth;
upper lip yellowish, the labials with fine black lines at the sutures ;
272 COLUBRID.
belly yellowish, with large brown spots anteriorly, speckled with
brown posteriorly ; the outer ends of the ventrals blackish, forming
a lateral stripe.
Total length 610 millim. ; tail 115.
China.
a. 9 (V. 140; C. 51). Chi Kiang. Mr. Fortune [C.]. (Type.)
3. Pseudoxenodon inornatus.
Xenodon inornatus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 541; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p- 89, pl. iii. figs. 10 & 12 (1887); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys.
li. 1863, p. 319, and Icon. Gén. 19, pl. v. fig. 2 (1866).
Body stout. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ;
internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than
broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
a little shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long ; two or
three pre- and three postoculars; temporals 242 or 2+3; eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; chin-shields broad
and subequal in size. Scales in 19 rows, dorsals keeled, laterals
smooth. Ventrals 118-121; anal divided; subcaudals 36-41.
Olive-brown above; young with a A-shaped black band on the
nape; yellowish or brownish below, speckled with dark brown ; a
light streak separates the belly from the flanks.
Total length 470 millim.; tail 70.
Jaya.
14. HELICOPS.
Pseudoeryx, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826).
Helicops, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 170 (1830): Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 245.
Tropidonotus, part., Sehleg. Phys. Serp. 11. p. 297 (1837); Dum. §
Bibr. vii. p. 549 (1854).
Homalopsis, part., Schleg. 1. ¢. p. 882.
Helicops, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 64 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 71 (1849) ;
Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 742; Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vii.
1861, p. 425; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 852 (1890).
Dimades, part., Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 65.
Uranops, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 68.
Tachynectes, Gray, 1. c. p. 69.
Tropidophis (ron D. § B.), Gray, l. c. p. 69.
Myron, part., Gray, l. c. p. 70.
Atretium, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 299; Giinth. Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 272 (1864).
Limnophis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xv. 1865, p. 96.
Liodytes, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 194, and Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus, xiv. 1892, p. 666.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 25, posterior longest ; mandibular teeth
subequal. Head not, or but slightly, distinct from neck; eye
moderate or small, with round pupil; nostrils directed upwards, in
a semidivided nasal; a single internasal. Body rather stout, cylin-
14. HELIcors. 273
drical ; scales usually striated and keeled, sometimes smooth,
without apical pits, in 19 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. ail
moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Florida and Mexico to South America; South-eastern Asia ;
Tropical Africa.
Synopsis of the Spectes.
I. Diameter of the eye more than half the length of thé frontal
shield; scales in 19 rows.
REM EPO ee ccs Vasa d.4. vi Babe apd Slee 1. schistosus, p. 274.
ets tie ah oh cee odatehaine 2. bicolor, p. 274.
II. Diameter of the eye not more than half the length of the
frontal.
A. Scales on the body smooth or faintly keeled.
Seales in 19 rows; one preocular ;
rostral in contact with the inter-
RR Eas. . ~ «lalavw'e 4's) spel 3. septemvittatus, p. 275.
Scales in 19 rows ; one preocular ; nasals
in contact behind the rostral ...... 4, allenit, p. 275.
Scales in 21 or 23 rows; two pre-
AIDE EEE AS o's x 6. da lsiela.o vam area 5. trivittatus, p.-276.
B. Scales on the back of the head smooth, on the body keeled, in
19 rows.
Frontal as long as or alittle shorter than
the parietals; ventrals 126-155 ;
belly striped or spotted with black ;
a light stripe along the two lower
ROW ANGMACHIES Ts 6 te aim seen © ys oe site 6. carinicauda, p. 276.
Frontal considerably shorter than the
parietals; scales feebly keeled ;
ventrals 119-125; lower parts im-
maculate or with a few brown
USE t aint c vi vcs 6 te «oo oe nei 7. modestus, p. 2
Frontal considerably shorter than the
parietals; ventrals 118-131; belly
spotted with black ........++aus- 8. leopardinus, p. 278.
aaa
dd.
C. Scales on the occiput and back strongly keeled.
PiCmNC HELO TOWS: 6 6) sini areetee «eins ~ 9. angulatus, p. 278.
SER csAIME SE FOWS: .4../cld lela » Sikes Gales, 2 10. scalaris, p. 279.
Scales in 23 or 25 rows ......--+-0- 11. polylepis, p. 280.
» VOL. I. T
274 COLUBRID.
1. Helicops schistosus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. iv. (1801).
Coluber schistosus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 182 (1803).
Pseudoeryx schistosus, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 55 (1826).
Tropidonotus dimidiatus, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 535.
schistosus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 319 (1857); Cantor,
Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 91 (1847) ; Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 596 (1854).
moestus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 54.
-surgens, Cantor, l. e.
Tropidophis schistosus, Gray, Cat. p. 69 (1849).
Atretium schistosum, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 275 (1864) ; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 179 (1876).
Helicops schistosus, Jan, Elenco, p. 76 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 28,
pl. il. fig. 3 (1868); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 352 (1890).
Atretium schistosum, var. yunnanensis, Anders. An. Zool. Res.
Yunnan, p. 822 (1879).
Eye moderate ; rostral just visible from above, forming a narrow
suture with the internasal; frontal nearly twice as long as broad,
much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one preocular; two
or three postoculars ; temporals 24+ 2; eight or nine upper labials,
third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less distinctly keeled, in
19 rows. Ventrals 129-151; anal divided; subcaudals 55-85.
Olive-brown above, uniform or with two series of small black spots
along the back; a more or less distinct dark lateral streak ; upper
lip, outer row of scales, and lower surfaces yellowish.
Total length 750 millim. ; tail 189.
Southern India and Ceylon, Bengal, Burma, Yunnan, Malay
Peninsula.
a. 9 (V. 148; C. 68). India. Dr. P. Russell.
b-d. 2 (V. 150, 151,149; Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
C. 69, 53, ?).
e-f,g. & (V. 129; C. 67) | Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.].
& ye. (V. 187, 184; C.
Br 5R
09, 06).
A. Yg. (V. 182; C. 74). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
10 (NV LADS OSGi): Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [P.].
he. OD (V.. JAD IC 67). Ceylon. Sir E. Tennent [P.].
im. 3 (V. 139, 138; Ceylon. zi
C. 85, 82).
ns G1(V. 186 57CI 7a): Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
2. Helicops bicolor.
Limnophis bicolor, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 96,
pl. i. fig. C; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. i. 1866, p. 68; Steindachn.
Novara, Rept. p. 67 (1869).
Eye moderate; rostral just visible from above, forming a narrow
suture with the internasal; frontal nearly twice as long as broad,
as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
14. HELICOPs. 275
shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid; one pre- and two
postoculars ; parietal in contact with the sixth labial ; temporals
1+2; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior, Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows.
Ventrals 132-146; anal divided; subcaudals 45. Dark olive-
brown, with two broad paler stripes; lower parts uniform yellow.
Total length 530 millim. ; tail 100.
Angola.
a-b. 9 (V. 146,152; C.?, Duque de Bragance. Prof. Barboza du Bo-
)
cage [P.]. (Types.)
3. Helicops septemvittatus.
Calopisma septemvittatum, F%scher, Verh. naturw. Ver. Hamb, (2) iii.
1879, p. 84, pl. 1. fig. 3.
Limnophis septemyittatus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885,
poles.
Kye rather small; rostral visible from above, forming a suture
with the internasal ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, widening
behind, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one pre- and two
postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are longer than the posterior. Scales perfectly smooth, in
19 rows. Ventrals 122-130; anal divided ; subcaudals 53-73.
Brown above, with four black stripes; belly yellowish white, with
45).
three black stripes.
Total length 238 millim. ; tail 73.
Mexico.
4. Helicops allenii.
Helicops allenii, Garman, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xvii. 1874, p. 92,
and N, Am. Rept. p. 34, pl. vii. fig. 4 (1883).
Liodytes allenii, Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 667.
Eye rather small, half the length of the frontal. Rostral broader
than deep ; nasals in contact behind the rostral; frontal once and
two thirds to twice as long as broad, much longer than its dis-
tance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal
trapezoid ; one pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 142 ; eight
upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; posterior chin-
shields longer than the anterior. Scales in 19 rows, smooth or
faintly keeled on the body, distinctly keeled on the tail. Ventrals
121-128; anal divided; subcaudals 58-63. Light reddish brown
above, with a dark brown vertebral stripe five scales wide; a
narrower dark brown stripe on each flank; upper lip and lower
parts yellowish.
Total length 400 millim.; tail 110.
Florida.
a. 3 (V.121; C.63). Lake Kerr, Florida, A. Erwin Brown, Esq.
[P.].
T2
276 COLUBRID.
5. Helicops trivittatus. (Puarr XVIII. fig. 2.)
Myron trivittatus, Gray, Cat. p. 70 (1849).
Eye small. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from
above; nasals usually in contact behind the rostral; frontal about
twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; two pre-
and two or three postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials,
fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the an-
terior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales:
faintly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows. _ Ventrals 120-130; anal divided ;
subcaudals 68-65. Coloration very much as in Abastor erythro-
grammus. Dark olive above, with small black spots and five yel-
lowish or reddish longitudinal streaks, outer widest; belly yellow or
orange, with two seealan longitudinal series of subcrescentic trans-
verse black spots.
Total length 670 millim.; tail 190.
Brazil.
a. 2 (V~126; C. 63). —? Zoological Society. (‘Type.)
ho (V120 Coe). ——? Zoological Society.
c-d. Yg. (V. 180, 129; Para. R. Graham, Esq. ER.
C. 65, 65).
6. Helicops carinicauda.
Coluber carinicaudus, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 800 (1825), and
Abbild. (1825).
Helicops carinicaudus, _ Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. vii. (1828); Dum. &
Bibr. vii. p. 744 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii. 1865,
p-. 252; Hensel, Lee f. Nat. 1868, p. 829; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag.
Ges & (5) XVI. 1885, p. 297, and xviii. 1886, p. 455.
Homalopsis carinicaudus, Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 350, pl. xiii.
fies. 17 & 18 (1887).
Helicops c carinicaudus, var. gastrosticta, Jan, l. c.
infrateniatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1865, p. 245, and
Icon. Gén. 28, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1868) ; Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.
xxii. 1885, p. 193.
trivittatus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 92.
paliogaster, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p- 195.
Eye small; rostral visible from above, forming a narrow suture
with the internasal; frontal twice as long as broad, widening pos-
teriorly, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than
long (rarely absent); one pree- and two postoculars ; temporals 142
or 2+2; seven or eight upper labials, third or fourth (rarely third
and fourth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little
shorter than the yposterior. Scales in 19 rows, feebly keeled,
anteriorly, strongly keeled on the posterior part of the body and on
the tail; outer scales smooth. Ventrals 126-155; anal divided;
:
14. wextcors. PALE
subeaudals 50-72. Dark olive-brown above, with four more or
less distinct blackish stripes; a yellow stripe along the two lower
rows of scales ; yellow or red beneath, with black spots or stripes
on the belly, and a black stripe on the tail.
Total length 1010 millim.; tail 180.
Brazil.
A. Belly with two regular longitudinal series of black spots.
(C. carinicaudus, Wied.)
a. 9 (V. 155; C. 54). Brazil. G. L, Conyngham, Esq.
eal
B. Belly with three black stripes. (H. infrateniatus, Jan;
H, trivittatus, Cope.)
b 2 (V. 1385; C. 62). -Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.
C. Belly checkered with black. (H. baliozaster, Cops.
Ge Ve dee 7 0), Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering ,
D. Belly anteriorly as in B, posteriorly as in C.
d-e. 3 (V. 132; C. 72) tio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.].
& yg. (V. 1382; C. 65).
7. Helicops modestus.
Helicops carinacaudus (zon Wied), Gray, Cat. p. 71 (1849).
' --modestus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vii. 1861, p. 425, fig.
? Helicops leprieurii, var. moesta, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii.
1865, p. 253.
Helicops assimilis, Reinh. Vid. Meddel. 1866, p. 151, fig.
Kye small; rostral visible from above, forming a narrow suture
with the internasal; frontal twice as long as broad, much longer
than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals ; loreal deeper than long, sometimes fused with the pre-
ocular; one or two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142;
seven or eight upper labials, third or fourth, or third and fourth,
entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields*, which are as long as or a little shorter than
the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, dorsals feebly keeled, laterals
smooth. Ventrals 119-125; anal divided; subcaudals 43-67.
Dark olive above, with three lighter stripes or with two blackish
ones ; belly yellowish white, uniform or with a few brown spots.
Total length 490 millim. ; tail 95.
Brazil.
* The 3 pairs of chin-stields in the type specimen I regard as an anomaly,
game as figured in a specimen of Lschnognathus dekayi by Dugés in 1833.
278 COLUBRID®.
ee (V. 125; C. 43). ? Leyden Mus. (Type.)
@ (V.123; C.51). Lagoa Santa. Prof. Reinhardt | P.|.
(One of the types of HZ. assimilis.)
c,d. 9 (V. 122; C. 55) Porto Real, Prov. Rio M. Hardy du Dréneuf
& yg.(V.119; C. 64). Janeiro. C.]
8. Helicops leopardinus.
Homalopsis leopardina, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 858 (1837).
Dimades leopardina, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 65 (i849),
Tachynectes leopardina, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 69 (1849).
Helicops leprieurii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 750, pl. lxviii. [Uranops
Sévére] (1854); Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vil. 1861, p. 427;
Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p, 253, and Icon. Gén. p. 28,
pl. iv. figs. 2 & 3 (1868).
leopardinus, Jan, il. cc. p. 251, pl. ii. fig. 2.
Eye small; rostral visible from above, forming a narrow suture
with the internasal; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, widening
behind, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long (rarely absent); one
pree- and two postoculars; temporals 1 or 2+2 or 5; eight or nine
upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or
five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows (sometimes 21 on
the nape), more or less strongly keeled, outer rows usually smooth
or feebly keeled. Ventrals 118-131; anal divided; subcaudals
53-83. Dark olive or brown above, with four or five alternating
series of black spots; a light streak from below the eye to the angle
of the mouth, sometimes connected with its fellow by a light cross.
bar on the nape; lower parts checkered or cross-barred, black and.
ellow.
Total length 630 millim. ; tail 160.
Guianas, Brazil.
a: © (V. 1215. C:'66). Surinam. Lidth de Jeude Coll.
BO (VAIS C269): Cayenne.
c,d. do (V. 124 C. 70) Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.].
& 2 (V. 127; C. 58).
ef,g. 2 (V. 125, 131, 128; Bahia.
C. 53, 65, 65).
9. Helicops angulatus.
Coluber angulatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 23, pl. xv. fig. 1 (1754),.
and S N.i. p. 877 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 209 (1803).
—— surinamensis, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 460 (1802).
Natrix aspera, Wagl. in Spier, Serp. Bras. p. 37, pl. xiii. (1824).
Homalopsis angulata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. i. p. 351, pl. xiii. figs. 24
& 25 (1887).
Uranops angulatus, Gray, Cat. p. 68 (1849).
Helicops angulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 746 (1854) ; Giinth. Ann.
§ Mag. N. H. (3) vii. 1861, p. 428; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys.
ii. 1865, p. 251, and Icon. Gén. 28, ‘pl. iv, fig. 1 (1868).
14. HEeLICOPs. 279
Helicops cyclops, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 309.
? Helicops fumigatus, Cope, J. c. p. 308.
Eye small; rostral visible from above, usually in contact with
the internasal; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as
long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from
the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the
parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one pree-
and two postoculars ; temporals 1 or 242 or 3, posterior keeled ;
eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; five or six lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long
as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled even on the
occiput and nape; outer row more or less distinctly keeled, rarely
smooth. Ventrals 102-130; anal divided; subcaudals 61-94,
keeled. Olive or grey-brown above, with more or less regular
dark* brown, black-edged cross bands, which narrow towards the
sides, where they are usually confluent with the black cross bands
of the belly ; a large rhomboidal dark blotch on the nape; lower
parts yellowish (in spirit) with large black spots, or, more usually,
with regular black cross bands.
Total length 730 millim. ; tail 200.
Tropical South America east of the Andes.
GO CVo120'3.C.6L). British Guiana.
b-e, f-g. S (V. 116,117; Demerara. Mr. Snellgrove [C.].
C. 72,73) & 9 (V.120,
120, 122,130; C. 63, 65,
67, ?).
hwo OV. Lis: C. 72) & Berbice.
Or (V1 205;C. 65).
k. & (V. 116; ©. 94). Para.
LM (Vets C..?). Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.].
m,n. 9 (V.114;C.71)&
ye. (V. 115; C. 83).
o. Har. (V. 102; C. 82).
p-t. go (V. 112; C. 73),
Q(V. 114; C. 62), & ye.
Upper Amazon.
Pebas.
Moyobamba,
N.E. Peru.
H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.].
=)
Mr. A. H. Roff [C.]}.
(V. 110, 111, 108; C. 77,
62, 76).
u. 2 (V. 109; C. 72).
». Skull.
Sarayacu, N.E.
Peru.
Santa Cruz,
Brazil.
W. Davis, Esq. [C.].
Messrs. Veitch [P.].
10. Helicops scalaris.
Helicops scalaris, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 250, and
Icon. Gén. 28, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1868).
Eye small; rostral just visible from above and in contact with
the internasal; frontal twice as long as broad, a little longer than
its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the
parietals; loreal trapezoid; one pre- and two postoculars; tem-
porals 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering
280 COLUBRID.
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, all
strongly keeled. Ventrals 116-120; anal divided ; subcaudals 88.
Grey above, with three longitudinal series of black spots, which are
confluent into longitudinal streaks on the sides of the head and on
the nape; the middle row of spots largest ; ventrals grey, with a
yellowish streak in the middle, or yellow with blackish spots.
Total length 410 millim.; tail 150. The specimen in the collec-
tion measures 350 millim. without the tail, which is injured. ~
Venezuela and Colombia.
a. 3 (V.116; C.?). Rosario de Cucuta, Colombia. Mr. Webber (C.].
11. Helicops polylepis.
Helicops polylepis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 1861, p.426.
Tachynectes chrysostictus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 71.
Helicops spixii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 249, and
Icon. Gén. 28, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1868).
Hye rather small; rostral visible from above, in contact with the
internasal; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as or a little
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a
little shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid; one pre- and
two postoculars; temporals 2+2, 243, or 1438; eight upper
labials, fourth or third and fourth entering the eye; five or six
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as
long as the posterior. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, all keeled, the keel
on the outer row feeble. Ventrals 124-138; anal divided; sub-
caudals 76-84. Brownish or olive-grey above, with blackish spots
disposed in five alternating rows, the middle ones largest ; blackish
beneath, with round yellow spots.
Total length 430 millim. ; tail 130.
Brazil, North-eastern Peru.
a. & (Se. 25 (26); V.183; Upper Amazon. (Type.)
C. 82).
b. Her. (Sc. 28; V.124; Peruvian Amazon. Mr. E. Bartlett [C.].
C79):
15. HYDRAZTHIOPS.
Hydreethiops, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) 1x. 1872, p. 28.
Maxillary teeth 20-22, increasing in size posteriorly ; mandi-
bular teeth decreasing in size posteriorly. Head slightly distinct
from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostrils directed up-
wards, pierced between two nasals; a single internasal. Body
cylindrical ; scales striated and keeled, with apical pits, in 23 rows ;
ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in tworows. Hypa-
pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical Africa.
16. TRETANORHINUS. 281
1. Hydrzthiops melanogaster.
Hydreethiops melanogaster, Giinth. l. ¢. pl. iii. fig. G.
Helicops marginatus, “Fischer, Oster-Progr. Ak. Gh ymn. Hamb. 1883,
pr Lt.
lineofasciatus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884, p. 203,
pl. vi. fig. 3.
Rostral as broad as deep, or a little broader, just visible from
above and in contact with the internasal, which is triangular and
longer than broad ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as
its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
loreal a little longer than deep; one pra- and two postoculars ;
temporals 1+2 or 1+38; ten or eleven upper labials, fifth and
sixth or sixth and seventh entering the eye; three pairs of chin-
shields, the anterior in contact with five lower labials. Scales
moré or less strongly keeled, in 23 rows. Ventrals 143-154; anal
divided ; subcaudals 39-49. Dark olive-brown above, with five
more or less distinct series of alternating black spots; a yellowish
stripe on each side, from the eye or the angle of the mouth along
the first and second rows of scales ; lower parts black.
Total length 610 millim. ; tail 100.
West Africa.
a-d. 3 (V.151; C. 48) & 92 (V. 147, Gaboon. (Types.)
151, 149; C. 41, 39, 41).
BsteD (V. 143; C. 48). Cameroons.
. TRETANORHINUS.
Tretanorhinus, Dum. hes Erp. Gén. vii. p. 348 (1854) ; Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1865, p. 254; Bocourt, Le Naturalist, 1891,
p. 121.
Helicops, part., Jan, J. ce. p. 245.
Maxillary teeth about 30, subequal; mandibular teeth subequal.
Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round
pupil; nostrils directed upwards, pierced between two nasals.
Body cylindrical ; scales striated and keeled, without apical pits, in
19 or 21 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in
two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral
column.
Central America and Cuba.
Synopsis of the Species.
Two prefrontals; posterior chin-shields
separated from each other by scales;
BEMeiae LO LOWS \ ana. cbs cee um ane 1. variabilis, p. 282.
Two prefrontals; posterior chin-shields
in contact with each other anteriorly ;
Sumer | TOWS! oi. |.) e njale nine wae 2. nigroluteus, p. 282.
A single prefrontal ; posterior chin-shields
in contact with each other anteriorly ;
RGAE UE O TOWS 2 1.'o acc saile ae obese wee. 3. mocquardi, p. 283.
282 COLUBRID”.
1. Tretanorhinus variabilis.
Tretanorhinus variabilis, part., Dum, & Bibr. vii. p. 349, pl. Ixxx.
fie. 4 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 254;
Gundlach, Erp. Cub. p. 80 (1880).
~Tropidonotus cubanus, Gundlach, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 1001, and
loc. p. 81.
Tretanorhinus variabilis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 298, and
1868, p. 809; Bocourt, Le Natur. 1891, p. 122.
Helicops wagleri, Jan, l. c. p. 247, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. i. fig. 1
(1868).
Tretanorhinus variabilis, var. adnexus, Jan, l.c. ; Bocourt, 1. c. p. 208.
Helicops variabilis, part., Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 33 (1883).
Head narrow and elongate; eye rather small; nasals in contact
with each other behind the rostral, or narrowly separated ; inter-
nasals small, longer than broad; frontal as long as its distance
trom the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal
elongate ; one or two pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 ;
eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-
shields a little longer than the anterior and separated from each
other by scales. Scales in 19 rows, keeled, the keels strongest on
the tail. Ventrals 131-164; anal divided; subcaudals 50-78.
Olive or blackish above, with or without blackish cross bands; a
more or less distinct light lateral streak on the second and third
rows of scales; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing
through the eye; belly orange or red, dotted or spotted all over
with brown, or brown dotted with paler.
Total length 660 millim ; tail 160.
Cuba.
a-b. § (V. 160, 158; C. 69, 68). Capa.
c. o (V. 155; C. 68). Cuba. Prof. Peters [ P.]..
2. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus.
Tretanorhinus variabilis, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 8349 (1854) ;
Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. ii, 1865, p. 254.
nigroluteus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 298, and 1868,
p- 809; Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N.H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 27; Cope,
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 183; Bocourt, Le Natur. 1891,
p. 122.
Helicops agassizii, Jan, l. c. p. 248, and Icon. Gén. p. 28, pl. ii. fig. 1
(1868).
variabilis, part., Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 33 (1885).
nigroluteus, Garm. l. ce. p. 144.
pifrenatus, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p, 194.
Regina nigrolutea, Cope, Bull. US. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 74.
Tretanorhinus lateralis, Bocourt, l. e.
Very closely allied to the preceding, but differing in the following
points :—Usually two loreals, anterior smallest; two or three
preoculars; posterior chin-shields in contact with each other
anteriorly ; scales in 21 rows. Olive or blackish above, uniform or
17. OPISTHOTROPIS. 283
with small black spots; a dark streak on each side of the head,
passing through the eye; a yellow lateral streak, edged with dark
below, on the anterior portion of the body, posteriorly confluent
with the yellow of the ventral region; yellow below, uniform or
with dark brown spots or dots.
Total length 680 millim. ; tail 160.
Central America.
a, b,c. 2 (V. 146, 149; C. 63, 64) Panama. Zoological Society.
& yg. (V. 134; C. 76).
3. Tretanorhinus mocquardii.
Tretanorhinus mocquardi, Bocourt, Le Natur. 1891, p. 122.
A single prefrontal; a single loreal; two prxoculars ; anterior
chin-shields in centact with each other anteriorly. Scales in 19
rows. A yellow stripe along the flanks; lower parts fuliginous
yellow.
Central America.
17. OPISTHOTROPIS.
Opisthotropis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 16;
Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (G6) vii. 1891, p. 343.
Calamohydrus, Bouwleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 43.
Helicopsoides, Mocquard, Le Naturaliste, 1890, p. 154, and Nouv.
Arch. Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 141, and Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. v. 1892,
p- 203.
Lepidognathus, v. Lidth de Jeude,in M. Weber, Zool. Ergebn. ii.
p. 186 (1890).
Maxillary teeth small, equal, 20 to 25; mandibular teeth small,
equal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round
pupil; nostril directed upwards, in a divided or semidivided nasal.
Body cylindrical; scales finely striated and keeled, without apical
pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate; sub-
caudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the
‘vertebral column.
West Africa ; Southern China; Malay Archipelago.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Scales in 17 rows; nasals separated by the internasals.
Prefrontal single ; eight upper labials, fifth
GMberiaw UNO CVE... dive ve eee eae Stas 1. atra, p. 284.
Prefrontal single; eight upper labials, none
PAPER GEO CVO 0. 20's 0c sie a wy gies wacaie 2. andersoni, p. 284.
Two prefrontals ; twelve upper labials, none
BORER GE CYC. 6,5 os ee wv vice Oe ipis aie ae 3. rugosa, p. 284.
II. Scales in 19 rows; nasalsin contact behind the rostral.
4, typica, p. 285.
284 COLUBRID”.
1. Opisthotropis atra.
Opisthotropis ater, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 16,
pl. iii. fig. B.
Snout short and broad, much depressed, not projecting. Rostral
much broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals a
little longer than broad ; prefrontal single ; frontal large, as broad
as long, thrice as broad as the supraocular, shorter than the
parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and two
postoculars ; a very elongate anterior temporal ; eight upper
labials, fifth entering the eye, seventh very long; two pairs of sub-
equal chin-shields, anterior in contact with five labials. Scales in 17
rows, smooth on the nape, feebly keeled on the body, rather strongly
keeled towards the tail. Ventrals 170; anal divided ; subcaudals
65. Upper parts brownish black, lighter towards and on the
abdomen.
Total length 340 millim. ; tail 75.
West Africa.
a 6 (V.A70; C65); W. Africa. (Type.)
2. Opisthotropis andersonii. (Prare XVIII. fig. 3.)
Calamohydrus andersonii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i.
1888, p. 44.
Opisthotropis andersonii, Boulemg. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii.
1891, p. 343.
Snout short and broad, much depressed, not projecting. Rostral
much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals twice
as long as broad; nasal cleft extending from the nostril to the
second labial; a single prefrontal; frontal large, a little longer
than broad, much shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer
than deep; one pre- and one postocular; two small suboculars,
separating the eye from the labials ; temporals 1+2; eight upper
labials, fifth below the eye; only one pair of well-developed chin-
shields, in contact with four labials. Scales in 17 rows, finely striated
aud feebly keeled. Ventrals 161; anal divided; subcaudals 58.
Blackish olive above, each scale edged with whitish ; lower parts
whitish, chin and lower labials brown.
Total length 240 millim. ; tail 45.
Hong Kong.
a 6 (Vi IGE C255): Hong Kong. City Hall Museum, Hong
Kong [E.]. (Type.)
3. Opisthotropis rugosa.
Lepidognathus rugosus, v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool.
Lrgebn. ii. p. 187, pl. xvi. figs. 1-5 (1899). ri
Opisthotropis rugosa, Bouleny. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891,
p. 343.
ts
o
.
.
18. IscHNOGNATHUS. 285
Rostral as deep as broad; internasals subcrescentic, forming
together a triangle; two prefrontals; frontal as broad as long;
one pre-and one postocular, and three suboculars separating the
eye trom the labials ; twelve upper labials, third to tenth separated
from the edge of the mouth by a row of small trigonal scales. Scales
in 17 rows, striated and strongly keeled. Ventrals 170; anal divided;
subeaudals 95. Olive above, the scales with a whitish edge; lower
parts and outer row of scales yellow.
Kaju Tanam, Sumatra.
4. Opisthotropis typica.
Helicopsoides typicus, Mocquard, Le Natur. 1890, p. 154, and Nou».
Arch, Mus. (3) 11. 1890, p. 141, pl. ix. tig. 3.
Opisthotropis typica, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891,
p. 345.
Snout short and broad, much depressed. Rostral twice as broad
as deep; nasals semidivided, in contact behind the rostral ; inter-
nasals small, triangular; a pair of prefrontals; frontal large,
pentagonal, as long as broad; supraocular very small; loreal
elongate, partly or completely divided; two pre- and two post-
oculars ; three suboculars separating the eye from the labials;
temporals 1+1+2; eleven upper labials, seventh and eighth
below the eye, the six anterior twice as deep as long, the four last
‘ divided as in the preceding species. Scales in 19 rows, striated
and keeled. Ventrals 176; anal divided; subcaudals 82. Uniform
olive-brown above, dirty yellow below.
Total length 390 millim. ; tail 95.
Mt. Kina Baloo, North Borneo.
18. ISCHNOGNATHUS.
Ischnognathus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 468, and
Erp. Gén, vii. p. 506 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 80 (1858) ;
Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 288.
Storeria, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 135 (1853).
Microps (non Megerle), Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1856, p. 240.
Tropidoclonion, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 76, and Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 666.
Cora, Jan, 1. ¢.
Adelophis (Dugés), Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xviii. 1879, p. 265.
Clonophis, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 391.
Maxillary teeth 14 to 18, equal; mandibular teeth equal. Head
slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil;
loreal shield present or absent. Body moderately elongate, cylin-
drical ; scales keeled, with or without apical pits, in 15 to 19 rows;
ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypa-
pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column,
North and Central America.
286 COLUBRID.
Synopsis of the Spectes.
I. Anal divided.
Scales in 19 rows; a loreal and one
(TSCOCUIAT.. 6515: «<n nee ge keene eee 1. kirtlandn, p. 286.
Seales in 17 rows; priocular one, in
contact with nasal ............ 2. dekayt, p. 286.
Seales in 15 rows; preoculars two,
in contact with nasal .......... 3. occipitomaculatus, p. 287.
Scales in 15 rows; a loreal and two
PRCCOCOATS Pc heel. cr eer 4, storerioides, p. 288.
Il. Anal entire.
Scales in 15 rows; no loreal ...... 5. copit, p. 289.
Scales in 17 or 19 rows; aloreal .. 6. lineatus, p. 289.
1. Ischnognathus kirtlandii.
Regina kirtlandii, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 95; H.
Garm. Bull. Iltin, Lab, iii. 1892, p. 275.
Tropidoclonion kirtiandii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 340.
Ischnognathus kirtlandi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iil. 1865,
p- 289, and Icon. Gén. 30, pl. 1. fig. 1 (1868).
Tropidonotus kirtlandii, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 28, pl. i. fig. 3
(1883).
Clonophis kirtlandii, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 391.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; nasal divided ;
a loreal; internasals broader than long; frontal once and a half as
long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; tem-
porals 1+1 or 142; six (exceptionally five) upper labials, third and
fourth (or second and third) entering the eye; two pairs of chin-
shields, posterior separated from each other. Scales in 19 rows, all
very strongly keeled. Ventrals 129-133; anal divided; sub-
caudals 50-59. Greyish brown above, on each side with a series
of large black spots and alternating series of smaller spots; head
dark brown, with lighter vermiculations ; labials yellowish ; ventrals
yellowish, with a black spot at each outer end.
Total length 439 millim.; tail 90.
United States, from Illinois to Ohio.
a-b. 2 (V. 129, 183; C.51,?). —‘llinois. ~—-Prof. S. A. Forbes [P.].
Py Fe s
ster’ 2. Ischnognathus dekayi.
Coluber ordinatus (zon L.), Storer, Rep. Fish, § Rept. Mass. p. 223
(1889).
Tropidonotus dekayi, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 53, pl. xiv. (1842) ;
Dekay, N. York Faun., Rept. p. 46, pl. xiv. fig. 80 (1842).
Ischnognathus dekayi, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ae. Se. xxii, 1853,
p. 468; Giinth. Cat. p. 81 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys.
lil. 1865, p. 240, and Icon. Gén, 30, pl. i. figs. 3 & 4 (1868).
18. IscHNOGNATHUS. 287
Storeria dekayi, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 135 (1853) ;
Garm, N. Am. Rept. p. 31, pl. i. fig. 1 (1883), and Bull. Essex
Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 105; H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892,
. 278.
Ischnognathus dekayi, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 507 (1854).
Storeria tropica, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 175.
dekayi, var. anomala, Dugés, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi.
1888, p. 9, tig.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal divided, in
contact with the preocular ; internasals broader than long, much
shorter than the prfrontals; frontal about once and a half as
long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the pariectals; one (rare two) pre- and two post-
oculars; temporals 1+1 or 142; seven (rarely six) upper
labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as
long as the anterior and usually in contact with each other in front.
Scales in 17 rows, all keeled. Ventrals 120-145; anal divided;
subcaudals 40-63. Pale olive-brown, greyish or reddish above,
with or without a lighter vertebral stripe and two dorsal series of
small black spots; crown of head often blackish; a blackish
transverse blotch on each side of the nape; frequently a black spot
below the eye; ventrals yellowish, usually with black dots on the
sides.
Total length 370 millim.; tail 75.
North and Central America, from Canada to Guatemala.
Mela la, C48). Canada. Chatham Museum [P.}.
b-d. 2 (V. 128,125; C. Bloomington, In- C. Bollman, Esq. [C.].
40, ?) & her. (V. 120; diana.
C. 43).
e. 9 (V. 188; C. 46). Illinois. Smithsonian Instit. [P.].
f. 3 (V. 135; C. 63). New Orleans. M. Sallé [C.].
g-k. 3 (V. 126; C.51)& Texas.
@ (V. 187, 187, 139;
C. 50, 51, 47).
i,m. 3 (V.136; C.55) Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.}.
& Q (V. 182; C. 56).
m. 9 (V. 186; C. 47). Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
3. Ischnognathus occipitomaculatus.
Coluber occipitomaculatus, Storer, Rep. Fish. § Rept. Mass. p. 230
(1839).
venustus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1847, p. 278, pl. —, and
1849, p. 245.
Storeria occipitomaculata, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 137
(1853); Baird, Serp. of N. York, p. 26 (1854); Garm. N. Am.
Rept. p. 30, pl. 1. fig. 2 (1885); H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii.
1892, p. 278.
Ischnognathus dekayi, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 507 (1854).
occipitomaculatus, Giinth. Cut. p. 81 (1858); Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 240, and Icon. Gén, 30, pl. i. fig. 2
(1868).
288 COLUBRID.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal divided or
semidivided, in contact with the preoculars; internasals broader
than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal about once and a
half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parietals; two pre- and two postoculars ;
temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
posterior chin-shields shorter than the anterior and in contact with
each other. Scales in 15 rows, all keeled. Ventrals 110-128;
anal divided; subcaudals 38-52. Olive-brown above, usually with
a lighter vertebral stripe bordered by two series of dark dots or by
two dark brown lines; a more or less distinct dark lateral line,
below which the sides and the outer ends of the ventrals are speckled
or vermiculate with black; three yellow spots behind the shielded
part of the head; belly yellowish or coral-red in the middle.
Total length 320 millim.; tail 60.
Canada and United States, east of the Rocky Mountains.
a. Her. (V. 125; C. 38). Nova Scotia. J. M. Jones, Esq. [ P.].
b=d,.6, Ff. OAV. 125; Lai, 128 IN America:
CG. 39, 42, 48) & her. (V. 119,
110; C. 50, 50).
4, Ischnognathus storerioides.
Tropidoclonium storerioides, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 190.
Storeria storerioides, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 29 (1885).
Natrix storerioides, Cope, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 391.
Rostral just visible from above ; nasal semidivided or completely
divided ; loreal present, sometimes entering the eye; internasals
broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and
a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the
end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; two pre- and two or
three postoculars; temporals 14+2; six or seven upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields sepa-
rated from each other or in contact anteriorly. Scales in 15 rows,
outer row smooth. Ventrals 120-135; anal divided; subcaudals
37-51. Olive-brown, reddish or blackish above, with small black
spots; vertebral region occasionally somewhat lighter and crossed
by narrow black lines; a blackish blotch, bifid posteriorly, on the
back of the head ; grey or reddish beneath, sides usually speckled
with black.
Total length 340 millim.; tail 65.
Mexico.
a. 9 (V. 129; C.41), Plateau of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [P.].
b-c, d-i. g (V. 128, 183; La Cumbe de los Arra- Dr. A. C, Buller
C. 42, 45), 9 (V. 1380, strados, Talpa, Jalis- [C.].
188, 184, 180, 181; C. —_ co, 8600 ft.
41, 38, 38, 41, 38), &
yg. (V. 185; C. 40).
18. ISCHNOGNATHUS. 289
k-l. $ (V. 126; C.46) & Colonia Brizuela, Haci- Dr. A. C. Buller
?(V. 130; C. 37). enda el Rosario, Aut- [C.].
lan, Jalisco.
m-o. 6 (V. 127, 133, 120; HaciendaStaGertrudio, Dr. A. C. Buller
C. 51, 47, 48). Mascota, Jalisco. [C. ].
5. Ischnognathus copii.
Adelophis copei (Duges), Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879,
p: 265; Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1887, p. 18, pl. iii. fig. 1.
Storeria copei, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 31 (1883).
Snout rather pointed; nasals distinct, separated from the pre-
ocular by the prefrontal; no loreal; internasals small, triangular ;
frontal much longer than broad; one pre-and two postoculars ;
temporals 1+2; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye ; two pairs of chin-shields, posterior in contact with each other.
Scales in 15 rows, outer row smooth. Anal entire. A broad
brown, black-edged dorsal band with a yellow vertebral line ; flanks
and belly light brown.
Total length 330 millim. ; tail 66.
Guadalajara, Mexico,
6. Ischnognathus lineatus.
Microps lineatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 241; Baird,
Rep. U.S. Explor. R. R. x. pt. iil. pl. xxxiv. fig. 6 (1859).
Tropidoclonion lineatum, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1860, p. 76; H.
Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab, iii. 1891, p. 187; Stejneger, Proc. US.
Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 504.
Storeria lineata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 32, pl. i. fig. 4 (1885).
Tropidoclonium lineatum iowze, Call, Am. Journ. Se. § Art, (3) xli.
1891, p. 298.
Rostral small, a little broader than deep; nasal semidivided ;
loreal present, elongate, low ; internasals broader than long, shorter
than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad,
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter
than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+1
or 1+2; five or six upper labials, third, or third and fourth, enter-
ing the eye; posterior chin-shields very short and in contact in
front. Scales in 17 or 19 rows, strongly keeled, the two outer
rows smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 138-150; anal entire ;
subcaudals 32-36. Light greyish brown above, with a pale yel-
lowish or grey vertebral stripe; the vertebral stripe bordered on
each side by a series of black dots ; a white lateral stripe along the
second and third rows of scales; belly white, with two longitudinal
series of black spots.
Total length 250 millim.; tail 35. Grows to 360 millim.
United States, east of the Rocky Mountains and west of Ohio
aud Mississippi.
VOR, 2. U
290 COLUBRID &.
a> (Se, 19; V. 138; St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. S. Garman [P.].
C. 36).
6. 2 (Se. 19; V. 138; St. Louis, Missouri. A. Erwin Brown,
C. 36). Esq. [P.].
19. AMPHIARDIS.
Amphiardis, Cope, Proc. US. Nat. Mus, xi. 1888, p. 391, and xiv.
1891, p. 675.
Teeth equal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small,
with round pupil: no preocular; loreal and prefrontal entering
the eye. Body cylindrical; scales keeled, in 17 rows; ventrals
rounded. ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral column.
Texas.
This genus appears to be intermediate between [schnognathus and
Haldea, agreeing with the former in haying two internasals, with
the latter in the absence of preeocular,
1. Amphiardis inornatus.
Virginia inornata, Garman, N, Am. Rept. p. 97 (1883).
Amphiardis inornatus, Cope, dl. ec.
Head subconical; snout short, blunt. Rostral very small, not
reaching the top of the head; loreal elongate; one postocular ;
temporals 1+1; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye; posterior chin-shields half as long as the anterior. Scales
keeled, lustrous, in 17 rows, outer row faintly keeled. Ventrals
125-129; anal divided; subcaudals 36. Uniform brownish olive
above, whitish beneath.
Total length 260 millim., ; tail 45.
Near Dallas, Texas.
20. HALDEA. (et2ma44n¥
Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. 11. p. 25 (1837).
Conocephalus (non Thumb.), Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii.
1853, p. 442, and Erp. Gén. vil. p. 188 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col.
Sn. p. 17 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p, 24 ;
Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 541 (1883).
Haldea, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 122 (1853).
Falconeria, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 44 (1868).
Potamophis, Garman, Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 105.
Maxillary teeth very small, subequal, 16 to 18; anterior mandi-
bular teeth a little larger than the posterior. Head small, not
distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; a single inter-
nasal; no preocular, loreal and prefrontal entering the eye. Body
cylindrical ; scales keeled, without apical pits, in 17 rows ; ventrals
rounded, ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses .
developed throughout the vertebral column.
North America.
fi ae - act “
Feo eRe ee
seas oats
oO
ra) ‘
Al STREPTOPHORUS. 291
Peta a) shhes
1. Haldea striatula.
Coluber striatulus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 375 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii.
p- 200 (1803) ; Harlan, Journ. Ac. Philad. y. 1827, p. 354, and
Med. Phys. Res. p. 117 (1835).
Calamaria striatula, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 48 (1837); Holbr. N.
Am. Herp. iii. p. 128, pl. xxix, (1842).
Conocephalus striatulus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1858,
p- 442, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 140 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 17 (1858) ;
Jan, Icon. Gén. 12, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1865); Bocourt, Miss. Se.
Mex., Rept. p. 541, pl. xxxii. fig. 5 (1883); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 279 (1890).
Haldea striatula, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 122 (1858) ;
H. Garm. Bull. Iilin. Lab, iii. 1892, p. 506.
Falconeria bengalensis, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 44 (1868),
and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 145 (1876).
Virginia striatula, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 97, pl. vii. fig. 2 (1883).
- Potamophis striatula, Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 105.
? Potamophis inornatus, Garm. 1. ¢.
Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral small, nearly as deep as broad ;
internasal small, nearly twice as broad as long ; frontal about once
and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its
distance from the end of the snout; loreal at least three times as
long as deep; one postocular; temporals 141 or 1+2; five (or
four) upper labials, third and fourth (or second and third) entering
the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are much longer than the posterior. Scales keeled,
in 17 rows. Ventrals 114-135; anal single (rarely divided) ; sub-
caudals 36-50, the anterior sometimes single. Brown above,
yellowish (salmon-red) inferiorly.
Total length 250 millim.; tail 42.
Texas, Mississippi Valley and eastwards.
oe 3 (V. 121,118; Pensacola, Florida. C. Bollman, Esq. [C.].
_ 42, 41),
c. 2 (V. 128; C. 40). New Orleans.
21. STREPTOPHORUS. ~-
Streptophorus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc, xxiii. 1853, p. 468, and
Erp. Gén. vii. p. 514 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 16 (1858) ;
Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 25; Bocourt, Miss. Se.
Mew., Rept. p. 544 (1883).
Ninia, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 49 (1853); Cope, Proc.
Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 339; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881,
p. 49.
Maxillary teeth small, equal, 15 to 18; mandibular teeth equal.
Head small, more or less distinct from neck; eye small, with ver-
tically subelliptical pupil ; posterior nasal concave ; no prxocular* ;
loreal and usually prefrontal entering the eye. Body moderate,
* One or two mi ute prxoculars are present in a few specimens,
u2
we
Aint.
ors
SN Pm en nears isi
1 leo oi, Sid 3 i ss cay LOS,
AG Is, Oy ae ee
292 COLUBRID.
cylindrical ; scales striated and keeled, with apical pits, in 19 rows ;
ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate or rather long; subcaudals in
two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral
column.
Central America; North-western South America.
Synopsis of the Species.
Subcaudals 75-101; five or six upper
labials
2 foe nie bes SiS ayes an cee 1. diadematus, p. 292.
Subcaudals 100 ; seven upper labials, pos-
teriomkeeled 4 oi. vce oes 2. labiosus, p. 293.
Subcaudals 37-67 ; seven or eight upper
Dabials» Hoi 002 ine be tege ee heen 3. atratus, p. 293.
1. Streptophorus diadematus.
Ninia diademata, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 49 (1858) ;
Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 340.
Streptophorus bifasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 520 (1854) ; Giinth.
Cat. p. 16 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 77 ; Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Phys. li. 1863, p. 26, and Icon. Gén. 12, pl. iti. fig. 3
tibaa)” Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 545, pl. xxxii. fig. 10
Rostral about once and a half as broad as deep, visible from
above; internasals and supraoculars small; frontal as broad as
long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than
the parietals; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; two
postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2 or2+3; six (exceptionally five) upper
labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth longest; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-
shields small. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals
136-156; anal entire; subcaudals 75-101. Dark brown or
blackish grey above, usually with a light spot on each of the outer
scales; upper lip and occiput yellowish ; the yellowish collar may
be interrupted in the median line; belly and lower surface of tail
yellowish, with three longitudinal series of large black spots, or
black with a light border to each shield.
Total length 415 millim.; tail 125.
Mexico.
a. 2 (V. 142; C. 83). Mexico. M. Sallé [C.].
b-e. § (V. 140, 148; C. Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. F.D. Godman & O.
96, 101) & 9 (V. 156, Salvin, Esqrs. [ P.].
150; C. 84, 75).
f. Her. 9 (Vo 187; C. Teapa, Tabasco: Mr. H. H.Smith|[C. ].
92). F. D.Godman & O.
Salvin, Esqrs. | P.].
g-h. Her. gd (V. 140,147; Oaxaca. Mr. Hoege [C.]}.
C. 87, 97). t
21. STREPTOPHORUS. 293
ps Streptophorus labiosus.
Streptophorus labiosus, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 550,
pl. xxxil. fig. 6 (1883). {
‘ Ninia labiosa, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 75.
Rostral about once and a half as broad as deep, visible from
above; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance from the
end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal but little longer
than deep ; two postoculars, the upper fused with the supraoculars ;
temporals 1+2, keeled; seven upper labials, third and fourth
entering the eye, fifth, sixth, and seventh keeled; four lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields
short. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 145; anal
entire; subeaudals 100. Dark brown above, with an orange collar ;
upper lip and lower parts yellow; a brown dot in the middle of
each ventral.
Total length 313 millim.; tail 102,
Guatemala.
Mv tte
3. Streptophorus atratws.
Coluber atratus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1845, p. 245.
Streptophorus seb, Dum. § Bibr. vil. p. 515 (1854); Guinth. Cat.
p- 16 (1858); Jun, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 27, and
Icon. Gén.'12, pl. iii. figs. 4-6, & 13, pl. i.*fig. 1 (1865) ; Bocourt,
Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 546, pls. xxxii. fig. 7, & xxxiii. fig. 1
(1883).
drozii, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 518; Giinth. L.e.
—— lansbergi, Dum. § Bibr. l.c.; Jan, ll. ec. p. 26, 1. 13, pl. 1.
fig. 2; Bocourt, l. c. p. 551, pl. xxxii. fig. 9.
Elapoidis fasciatus, Hallow. Journ. Ac, Philad. (2) iii. 1855, p. 35,
yl. iv.
Sieibapharas atratus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 76.
Ninia atrata, Cope, t. c. p. 340, and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32,
1886, p. 74.
— lansbergii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 340.
sebe, Cope, l.c.
Streptophorus maculatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 924;
Bocourt, l. c. p. 548, pl. xxxiii. fig. 3.
sebee, vars. maculatus, collaris, schmidti, drozii, Jan, Ul. ce.
Ninia sebx, subsp. tessellatus, Cope, Jow'n. Ac. Philad. (2) viii.
1876, p. 145.
spilogaster, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 49.
Streptophorus maculatus, var. payimentatus et tessellatus, Bocourt,
lc. pp. 549, 550, pis. xxxii. fig. 8, & xxxiii. figs, 2 & 4.
Rostral once and a half to twice as broad as deep, more or Jess
visible from above ; internasals and supraoculars small; frontal
about as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as
long as deep.; two postoculars (rarely one); temporals 1+2; seven
or eight upper labials ; four or five lower labials in contact with
the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small. Scales in
Be hc
294 COLUBRID.
19 rows, more or less strongly keeled. Ventrals 130-157; anal
entire; subcaudals 87-67. Coloration very variable.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 60.
From Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador.
A. Five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
fourth, fourth and fifth, or third and fourth upper labials
entering the eye. Dark brown or blackish above, with or
without a yellowish collar; belly yellowish, uniform or dotted
with brown. (8. lansbergi, D. & B.; N. spilogaster, Peters.)
a. 9 (V. 143; C. 43). Intac, E. Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [C.].
b 2 (V. 149; C.?). Pallatanga, E. Heuador. Mr. Buckley | C.].
c-d. 9 (V. 148; C.51) Puerto Caballo. Prof. Peters [ P.}.
& her. (V. 142; C.?).
e, f. 2 (V. 153, 147;. Caracas.
C. 47, 49).
g. & (V. 150; C. 59). Colombia.
B. Four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
fourth, or third and fourth upper labials entering the eye.
Dark brown or blackish above, with a more or less distinct
yellowish collar or occipital blotch ; belly yellowish or brown.
(CO. atratus, Hallow. ; S. drozii, D. & B.)
a. 9 (V. 153; C. 47). W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C.]. -
b. 2 (V. 157; C. 50). Puerto Cabello. Prof. Peters [P.|;
©. Four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields ; third and fourth upper labials entering the eye.
Head and body brown or purplish grey above; a black bar
across the nape; black spots or cross bars on the back ; belly
yellowish, with square black spots, which may become con-
fluent and form three stripes. (S. maculatus, Peters, pavi-
mentatus, Bocourt.)
a-d. 5 (V. 142; C. 62) & 9 Cartago, Costa Rica.
(V. 141, 155, 140; C. 50, 53, 52):
e. do (V. 130; C. 56). © Chontales, Nicaragua.
D. Four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields ; third and fourth (rarely fourth and fifth) upper
labials entering the eye. Head and nape black, separated by a
yellow collar ; body red or reddish brown above, uniform, or
spotted, or barred with black; belly yellow, uniform or dotted
with brown. (S.sebe, D. & B.; E. fasciatus, Hallow. ; S. col-
laris, Jan.)
a. & (V. 140; C. 65). Chontales, Nicaragua.
b. 9 (V. 188; C. 50). Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C. ,
c. 9 (V. 136; C. 50). Pacifie coast of Guate- 0. Salvin, Esq. ot
mala.
d. 9 (V. 146; C. 51). Yzabal. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
22, CHERSODROMUS, 295
Se) & - (V. 144; C.44) Honduras.
& her. (V. 131, C. 58),
g-t. 3 (V. 184; C.55) British Honduras. F, D. Godman & O,
& Q (V. 147, 189; Salvin, Esqrs. [ P.],
C. 44, 47),
k. 3 (V. 187; C. 56). British Honduras. Colonial Exhibition.
ig (V. 141; C. 67). Belize.
mp. 3 (V. 139,152; Teapa, Tabasco. Mr.H. H. Smith Wi
C. 56, 54) & 9 (V. F. D. Godman & O.
135, 189; C.?, 50). Salvin, Esqrs. [P.'.
q-s. 3 (V.148; C.49), Jalapa, Mexico. Mr. Hoege [C.}.
9 (V.184; C. 48), &
yg. (V. 136; C. 50).
Ee (CV. 4b: CoP),
2 (V. 141; C. 48), &
yg. (V. 140; C. 45).
w-y. 9 (V. 142,132; Mexico. M. Sallé [C.1,
C. 50, 44) & yg. (V.
137; C. 59).
z 2 (V. 145; C.46). Mexico.
Mexico. Mr. Hugo Finck [C.}.
22. CHERSODROMUS.
Chersodromus, Reinh. Vid. Meddel. 1860, p. 242; Jan, Arch. Zool.
1883) Phys. ii. 1862, p. 25; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 552
(1883).
Opisthiodon, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 460.
Maxillary bone very short, not extending forwards beyond the
palatines, with about 10 small, equal teeth ; mandibular teeth equal.
Head small, slightly distinct from neck; eye very small, with.
vertically subelliptical pupil; posterior nasal concave; a single pre-
frontal; no preocular, loreal and prefrontal entering the eye.
Body moderate, cylindrical; scales striated and keeled, without
. pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals
in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral
column.
Mexico and Guatemala.
1. Chersodromus liebmanni.
Chersodromus liebmanni, Reink. Vid. Meddel. 1860, p. 243; Peters,
Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 617; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii.
1862, p. 25, and Icon. Gén. 12, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1865) ; Bocourt, Miss.
Se. Mex., Rept. p. 552, pl. xxxiv. fig. 8 (1883).
nigricans, Reimh. 1. c. p. 245.
Opisthiodon torquatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 461.
Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, just visible from above ;
internasals small ; frontal broader than long, scarcely longer, than
the prefrontal, much shorter than the parietals; loreal a little
longer than deep; two postoculars, upper usually fused with the
supraocular, which is very small; temporals 1+2; seven upper
labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in
296 COLUBRID.
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are in contact with the
mental; posterior chin-shields short. Scales in 17 rows, rather
feebly keeled, outer row smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 130—
138; anal entire; subcaudals 86-42. Blackish above ; a yellowish
band crosses the temples and parietals; lower parts yellowish white,
spotted or dotted with black.
Total length 285 millim.; tail 48.
Mexico and Guatemala.
a. 3 (V. 188; C. 36). Huatuzco, Mexico. F. D. Godman & O. Sal-
vin, Esqrs. [P. |.
23. HYDRABLABES.
Hydrablabes, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 348.
Maxillary teeth small, equal, about 18; mandibular teeth
small, equal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small,
with round pupil; nostril valvular, an oblique slit between two
nasals; three pairs of chin-shields. Body cylindrical, elongate ;
scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals
rounded. ‘Tail moderate, subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral column.
Borneo.
1. Hydrablabes periops.
Ablabes periops, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 595, fig.
Hydrablabes periops, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (G6) vii. 1891,
p. 344,
Snout short and broad, not projecting. Rostral much broader
than deep, just visible from above; internasals not half as large as
the prefrontals, usually forming a suture with the loreal; frontal
nearly as broad as long, more than twice as broad as the supra-
ocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much
shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; two pre-, two
post-, and two or three suboculars, the eye completely separated
from the labials; temporals 1+2; eight or nine upper labials;
three pairs of chin-shields, second largest and separating the third.
Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 190-209, the last divided; anal
divided ; subcaudals 62-74. Olive-brown above, with a more or
less distinct yellowish streak along each side of the body anteriorly ;
sides blackish ; ventrals whitish, edged with blackish; subcaudals
blackish, edged with whitish.
Total length 450 millim.; tail 95.
Borneo.
a-b. g (V. 209; C. 62) Matang. (Types.)
& yg. (V. 204; C. 74).
pas CV. 190; C.570): Matang.
24. TRACHISCHIUM. 297
2. Hydrablabes prefrontalis.
Ablabes periops, var. preefrontalis, Moequard, Le Natur. 1890, p. 154,
and Nouv. Arch, Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 137, pl. ix. fig. 1.
Hydrablabes preefrontalis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii.
1891, p. 344.
Distinguished from the preceding by the fusion of the preefrontals
into a single shield, and 15 rows of scales. Ventrals 178-180.
Olive-brown above, with two pairs of blackish longitudinal streaks.
Kina Baloo, North Borneo.
24. TRACHISCHIUM.
Trachischium, Griinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 30 (1858); Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 284 (1890).
Ablabes, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 223 (1864),
Maxillary teeth 18 to 20, subequal ; posterior mandibular teeth
shorter than the anterior. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small,
with vertically subelliptic pupil ; nostril between two small nasals ;
preefrontals sometimes united. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, in
13 or 15 rows, without apical pits; ventrals rounded. Tail short ;
subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the
vertebral column.
Eastern Himalayas and Khasi Hills.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Scales in 13 rows, those of the ischiadic region keeled in the
males.
Prefrontal shield usually undivided; one
postocular ; 150 ventrals or more...... 1. fuseum, p. 297.
Prefrontal shield usually undivided; one
postocular ; 132-145 ventrals ........ 2. guentheri, p. 298.
Two preefrontals ; two postoculars ..... 3. tenuiceps, p. 299.
II. Scales in 15 rows, all smooth.
Sixth upper labial largest .............. 4. monticola, p. 299.
Last three upper labials subequal........ 5. rubriventer, p. 300.
1. Trachischium fuscum.
Calamaria fusca, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii, 1854, p. 288,
obscuro-striata, Blyth, 1. e.
Trachischium rugosum, Giinth. Cat. p. 30 (1858).
fuscum, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 161; Theoh. Cat. Rept.
As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 45; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. vb
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 144 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 285 (1890).
Ablabes fuscus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 225 (1864).
Rostral as broad as deep or a little deeper than broad, visible
298 COLUBRID”.
from above ; suture between the internasals very short ; prefrontal
usually single ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, two thirds or three fourths the length of the parietals ;
loreal longer than deep; one pre- and one postocular; temporals
1+2,; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first
smallest, sixth largest; four lower labials in contact with the ante-
rior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small. Scales in 13 rows ;
those on the sides of the anal and basicaudal regions obtusely keeled
in the male. Ventrals 150-162; anal divided; subcaudals 33-42.
Dark brown or black above and below, with or without more or less
indistinct lighter longitudinal streaks above.
Total length 510 millim.; tail 60.
Eastern Himalayas; Khasi Hills; Rangoon?
a, b-c. § (V. 151; C.39) & 9 Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
(V. 160, 158; C. 36, 36). eae
d-e. 9 (V. 162, 155; C. 34, Nepal. E. India Comp. [P.].
37).
f. & (V. 154; C. 42). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.}.
(Type of 7. rugosum.)
gg (V. 160556. 37). Sikkim, Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C.].
h-k. 2 (V. 161; C. 38) & yg. Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
(V. 158, 159; C. 36, 37). (P.].
i6 (NG 1500739): Darjeeling. Py Blanford, Esq.
ee
m-p. 3d (V. 158; C. 38), 2 Darjeeling. Col. Beddome [C.]}.
(V. 162; C. 36), and yg.
(V. 159, 158) ; C. 35, 39).
gq. Hgr. ¢ (V. 150; C. 41). Khasi Hills. a C. Jerdon, Esq.
Pa.
2. Trachischium guentheri. (Piarr XIX. fig. 1.)
Trachischium obscuro-striatum (non Blyth), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1860, p. 161.
guentheri, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 285 (1890).
Rostral as broad as deep or a little deeper than broad, visible
from above; suture between the internasals very short; pre-
frontal usually single; frontal longer than its distance from the
end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals; loreal
longer than deep; one pre- and one postocular; temporals 1+ 2;
six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first smallest,
sixth largest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields; posterior chin-shiclds small. Scales in 13 rows; male
with keeled scales in the anal and basicaudal régions. Ventrals
132-145 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 33-38. Dark brown above,
with indistinct lighter and darker longitudinal streaks ; yellowish
beneath, uniform or scantily mottled with brown.
Total length 280 millim.; tail 35.
Sikkim.
=e ie
24, TRACHISCHIUM. 299
a-b. & (V. 182; C. 38) Darjeeling, W. T. Blanford, )
& 2 (V. 145; C. 35). Esq. [P.].
G4 Ye. (¥185; a 34). Darjeeling, Col. Beddome [C.}. + (Types.)
d. & (V. 189; ©. 38)... Sildim. Moseriteesublan.
intweit [C.]. J
3. Trachischium tenuiceps.
Calamaria tenuiceps, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p. 288.
Ablabes tenuiceps, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 224 (1864) ; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 154 (1876).
Trachischium tenuiceps, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 286 (1890).
Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; suture
between the internasals about two thirds the length of that between
the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of
the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than
deep; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 142;
six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first smallest,
sixth largest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 13
rows; male with keeled scales in the anal and basicandal regions.
Ventrals 134-138; anal divided; subcaudals 34-39. — Blackish
above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 350 millim.; tail 50.
Eastern Himalayas.
@ a (Vi 188; C. 39). Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. [P.]}.
b-e. g (V. 185; C. 37) Darjeeling. PC Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
& @ (V. 134; C. 34).
4, Trachischium monticola.
Calamaria monticola, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soe. BOo2 p. 50.
Cyclophis monticola, Giinth. ’ Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 232 (1864) ; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 158 (1876).
Ablabes albiventer, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 231.
Trachischium monticola, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 286 (1890).
Rostral deeper than broad, visible from above; suture between
the internasals about half as long as that between the prefrontals ;
frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular; two
postoculars, rarely one; temporals 141; six upper labials, third
and fourth entering the eye, first smallest, sixth largest; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little
longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 113-135 ;
anal divided; subcaudals 28-44. Dark brown above, with two
more or less distinct pale brown longitudinal bands edged on each
side with a black line; yellowish inferiorly ; young with an inter-
rupted yellow collar.
Total length 230 millim.; tail 30.
Darjecling, Naga Hills, Assam.
300 COLUBRID A.
a-e. o (V. 118,115; C. 30, 32), Darjeeling. T.C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
© (V. 125; C. 2) & yg. (Types of Ablabes albiventer.)
(V. 128, 185 ;.C. 32, 30).
1
f-t. & (V..117; C. 34), Q (V. Darjeeling. TT. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
123, 125; C. 28, Pa
GV. 119; C. 31).
5. Trachischium ? rubriventer.
Cyclophis rubriventer, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 80;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 159 (1876).
Trachischium ? rubriventer, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 286 (1890).
One pre- and two postoculars ; six upper labials, the last three
subequal in size; temporals 1+1. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals
127-185; subcaudals 33-38. Brown, with a pale lateral band
ale the eye to the tip of the tail; below this, a mottled brown
and yellowish band; chin, throat, and anterior part of neck yellow,
the rest of the lower parts red.
Total length 200 millim. ; tail 30.
Khasi Hills.
25. RHABDOPS.
Ablabes, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 223 (1864).
Grotea (non Cress.), Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus., Journ, As. Soc.
Beng. 1868, p. 45.
Pseudocyclophis, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 299 (1890).
Maxillary short, but extending beyond the palatine, with 10 to
12 small and subequal teeth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head
small, much depressed, not distinct from neck; eye very small, with
vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril in a semidivided nasal. Body
much elongate, cylindrical; scales smooth, without apical pits, in
17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather long; subecaudals in two
rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
India, Southern China.
1. Rhabdops olivaceus. (Prare XIX. fig. 2.)
Ablabes olivaceus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Sc. 1863 ;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 227 (1864).
Pseudoeyclophis olivaceus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 800 (1890).
Rostral large, twice as broad as deep, visible from above ; nasal
divided below the nostril ; suture between the internasals shorter
than that between the prefrontals; frontal only a little if at all
longer than broad, three or four times as broad as the supraocular,
much longer than its distance from the end of the snout and a little
shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; two pre- and
two postoculars; temporals 1+1,; five upper labials, third entering
the eye, fifth very large; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields nearly as long as the
+?
26. PLAGIOPHOLIS. 301
anterior, separated from each other by two scales. Scales in 17
rows. Ventrals 206-215; anal divided; subcaudals 68-73. Dull
olive-green above and below, with four longitudinal series of small
black spots on the back.
Total length 540 millim.; tail 95.
Southern India.
a. & (V. 215; C. 73). Manantoddy, Wynad. hii ie [ees
(Type.
6. 2 (V. 206; C.68). | Wynad. Col. Beddome [C. }.
2. Rhabdops bicolor.
Calamaria bicolor, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p. 289.
Ablabes bicolor, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 226 (1864); Anders. An.
Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 809 (1879).
Grotea bicolor, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus, 1868, p. 45.
Pseudocyclophis bicolor, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 300 (1890).
Rostral large, more than twice as broad as deep, just visible from
above; nasal divided below the nostril; internasal single, as long
as or a little shorter than the likewise single prefrontal; frontal as
broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, two
thirds the length of the parietals; supraocular very small; loreal
as long as deep; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1;
five upper labials, the upper angle of the third entering the eye, fifth
very large; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are not longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows.
Ventrals 199-213; anal divided; subcaudals 58-77. Blackish
brown above, brownish white inferiorly.
Total length 600 millim. ; tail 150.
Khasi Hills, Assam, Yunnan.
a. 6 (V. 218; C. 77). Khasi Hills. Dr. Griffith.
BOD (V2 19955 Ci~2 ). Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [ P.].
26. PLAGIOPHOLIS.
Maxillary short, extending fowards but slightly beyond the
palatine, with 16 small equal teeth ; mandibular teeth equal. Head
small, not distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil;
no loreal, preocular in contact with a large semidivided nasal. Body
short, cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, disposed obliquely,
in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals partly entire,
partly in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the ver-
tebral column.
Mountains of Burma.
1. Plagiopholis blakewayi. (Pirate XIX. fig. 3.)
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals much
broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal
302 COLUBRIDA.
hexagonal, once and one third as long as broad, longer than its
distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the
parietals, which are squarely truncate behind; nasal large, twice as
long as deep, divided below the nostril, forming a suture with the
single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1, first small,
second large; five upper labials, third entering the eye; anterior
chin-shields a little longer than the posterior, in contact with the
symphysial and three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals
125; anal entire; subcaudals 31, fourth and fifth, and eighth to
seventeenth entire, the rest in pairs. Dark purplish brown above,
with two series of small black spots, grey on the sides; whitish
beneath, speckled with brown.
Total length 245 millim.; tail 30.
Mountains of Burma.
a. 3 (V.125; C.81). Toungyi, Shan States, Lieut. Blakeway [C.].
5000 feet.
27. OXYRHABDIUM.
Stenognathus (non Chaud.), Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 508
_ (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 28.
Rhabdosoma, part., Grinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 10 (1858).
Maxillary teeth 30 to 35, small, equal; mandibular teeth equal.
Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically subelliptic
pupil; nostril pierced between two small nasals; a pair of small
internasals ; no preocular ; loreal and prefrontal entering the eye.
Body cylindrical; scales smooth, in 15 rows, without apical pits ;
ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate, subcaudals in two rows. Hypa-
pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Philippine Islands.
1. Oxyrhabdium modestum.
Stenognathus modestus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 504 (1854); Peters,
Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. ti. 1862,
p- 28, and Icon. Gén. 13, pl. i. fig. 3 (1865).
Rhabdosoma leporinum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 12 (1858).
Stenognathus modestus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 169.
Rhabdosoma modestum, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 77.
Geophis schadenbergi, Fischer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst. Hamb. 11. 1885,
p- 93, pl. iii. fig. 4.
modestus, part., Boetig. Ber. Senchenb. Ges. 1886, p. 106.
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral small, a little deeper than broad,
just visible from above; suture between the internasals one third or
one fourth the length of that between the preefrontals; frontal much
longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals, about twice as broad as the supraocular ;
two postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, four anterior
small, fifth and sixth entering the eye, eighth very large ; five or four
28. XYLOPHIs. 303
lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, of which there is
but one large pair. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 155-193; anal
entire ; subcaudals 50-68. Reddish brown above; upper lip and
lower parts yellowish; young with a yellow band across the nape.
Total length 550 millim.; tail 95.
Philippine Islands.
a 2 (V. 169; C. 53). Philippines. Hi. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
(One of the types of R. leporinum.)
& Ye. (V- labs. C. 62). Philippines. Hi. Cuming, Esq, C.].
Gem GVedkie > ©. 56). Dinagat Island. A. Everett, Esq. [C. }.
2. Oxyrhabdium leporinum. (Prare XIX. fig. 4.)
Rhabdosoma leporinum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 12 (1858).
Stenognathus brevirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1872, p. 586.
modestus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 169.
Rhabdosoma modestum, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 77.
Geophis brevirostris, Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1886, p. 106.
Distinguished from the preceding in the following points :—
Suture between the internasals half as long as that between the
prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, two thirds the length
of the parietals, rather more than twice as broad as the supraocular ;
seven upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Ventrals
169-180; subcaudals 43-51. Blackish brown above; upper lip
and bellly yellowish ; lower surface of tail brownish.
Total length 820 millim.; tail 105.
Philippine Islands.
a. 9 (V. 169; C. 43). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
(One of the types.)
b. 2 (V. 180; C. 45). Luzon, Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
28. XYLOPHIS.
(
Platypteryx (non Lasp.), Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 500 (1854) ;
Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 19.
Rhabdosoma, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 10 (1858).
Geophis, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 200 (1864).
Xylophis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 576; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 285 (1890).
Maxillary teeth 20 to 25, small, equal ; mandibular teeth equal.
Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril
pierced between two small nasals; internasals small; no preocular,
loreal and prefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical ; scales
smooth, in 13 or 15 rows, without apical pits; ventrals rounded.
Tail short, subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Southern India.
304 COLUBRID &.,
1. Xylophis perroteti.
Platypteryx perroteti, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 501 (1854); Jan, Arch.
Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 20, and Icon. Gén. 12, pl. i. fig. 1
(1865).
Rhabdosoma microcephalum, Giinth. Cat. p. 12 (1858). f
Geophis microcephalus, Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 200, pl. xviii.
fig, A (1864).
—— perroteti, Anders. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. x1. 1871, p. 33.
Xylophis perroteti, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 283, fig. (1890).
Snout rather pointed; rostral small, deeper than broad, just
visible from above; suture between the internasals one third to one
half the length of that between the prefrontals ; frontal as long as
broad, or slightly longer than broad, nearly as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, and two thirds or three fifths the length
of the parietals; supraocular small but yet much longer than the
single postocular; loreal much elongate and usually entering the
eye; in some specimens, however, the prefrontal forms a short
suture, with the third labial in front of the eye; six upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye, first very small, fifth largest;
temporals 1+2; four very narrow lower labials in contact with the
chin-shields, which are very large and in contact with the symphysial ;
no posterior chin-shields. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 130-147;
anal entire; subcaudals 17-38. Brown above, spotted with black,
or with more or less distinct black longitudinal bands; sometimes
an ill-defined yellow collar; lips black and yellow; lower surfaces
black and white, or grey spotted with black, or nearly uniform
brownish black.
Total length 620 millim. ; tail 35.
Hills of Southern India.
a. 9 (V. 147; C.17). Madras Presidency. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
(Type of &. microcephalum.)
b-c. § (V.142; C. Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.].
ae & 2 (Vv. 147;
ae
d. 3 (V.188; C.38). Coonoor, Nilgherries, |W. Davison, Esq. [P.].
5900 feet.
ef. 2 (V. 189; C. Kotagiri, Nilgherries. Dr. J. R. Henderson.
19) & yg. (V. 145;
C. 20):
gy. & (V.180; C.31). Anamallays,4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq. [P.].
h. & (V.189; C. 29). ? Chatham Museum.
t f (V. 143; C.32). ——?P Dr. A. Giinther [P.].
2. Xylophis stenorhynchus. (Piare XX. fig. 1.)
Geophis stenorhynchus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 230.
Xylophis indicus, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 576.
stenorhynchus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 284 (1890).
Closely allied to the preceding, but scales in 15 rows. Ventrals
—_— =~"
a ee cette tha)
aa
29. BRACHYORRAUS. 305
120-131; anal entire; subeaudals 17-31. Dark brown above,
uniform or with three rather indistinct darker Jongitudinal lines,
and a yellowish collar; lower surfaces uniform dark brown.
Total length 230 millim.; tail 20.
Travancore and Madura Hills.
a-c. § (V.118,120; C. ——‘ Travancore. Col. Beddome [C.}.
25, 28) & 2 (V. 129; (Types.)
Ge 17),
@) SV Was C.. 17). Travancore. Col. Beddome [C.}.
& 6 (Ve laos Cos). Madura Hills, 5000 = Col. Beddome [C.}.
feet. (Type of Xylophis indicus.)
29, BRACHYORRHUS.
Brachyorrhos, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 519; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii.
p. 510 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 13 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool.
Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 18.
Brachyorrhos, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 190 (1830).
Calamaria, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837).
Calamophis, Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 135.
Mainophis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 36.
Atractocephalus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1879, p. 62.
Oxyorrhos, Fischer, Verh. nat. Ver. Hamb. (2) iii. 1879, p. 89.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 22, subequal; posterior mandibular teeth a
little shorter than the anterior. Head not distinct from neck; eye
small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril pierced in a small,
single or divided nasal; a pair of internasals (sometimes united);
no loreal; preocular present or absent. Body cylindrical; scales
smooth, without apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded,
Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Malay Archipelago and New Guinea.
1. Brachyorrhus albus.
Coluber albus, Zinn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 24, pl. xiv. tig. 2 (1754), and
S. N. i. p. 3878 (1766); Merrem, Beitr. Gesch. Amph. ii. p. 30,
pl. vil. (1790); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 49 (1805).
brachyurus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 470 (1802); Kuhl, Beitr. Zool.
Vergl. Anat. p. 89 (1820).
Brachyorrhos albus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 522; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 511
(1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 15 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. 13, pl. ii.
figs. 4 & 5 (1865); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878,
. 385.
kuhlii, Bove, t.c. p. 540.
Calamaria brachyorrhos, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 55, pl. 1.
figs, 21-23 (1837).
Rhabdion gastrotenia, Bleek, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl, Ind. xxii. 1860,
. 42,
Ge cunphiajobiendt Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 135.
Mainophis robusta, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 36.
VOL. I. x
Beis § zy ; :
306 COLUBRID”.
Brachyorrhos jobiensis, Peters §; Doria, 1. ¢. p. 385.
Atractocephalus raffrayi, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ii. 1879,
. 62.
Oxyorrhos fusiformis, Fischer, Verh. nat. Ver. Hamb, (2) iii. 1879,
_p. 89, pl. ii.
Brachyorrhos albus, var. conjunctus, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1880,
p. 226.
Snout obtusely acuminate; rostral as deep as broad, just visible
from above; internasals as long as or a little longer than the suture
between the preefrontals; the internasals are fused to a single shield
in some specimens from New Guinea; frontal longer than broad,
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals, twice to twice and a half as broad as the supraocular ;
preocular distinct or fused with the prefrontal; two postoculars ;
temporals 1+ 2 or 243; six or seven upper labials, third or fourth
or third and fourth entering the eye; a single pair of chin-shields,
in contact with four labials.
Scales in 17 or 19 rows.
160-182; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 20-46.
Ventrals
Adult
uniform brown above, yellowish inferiorly ; young with an inter-
rupted yellow band across the occiput and a brown streak or series
of brown spots along the middle of the belly and tail.
Total length 190 millim.; tail 65.
Java, Timor, Moluccas, New Guinea.
a. S (Se. 195 V. 1705 'C. S658
preeocular; 4th labial entering
the eye; a single temporal in
contact with the postoculars).
brouser: Vidi C36sne
preocular; 3rd labial entering
the eye; two temporals in con-
tact with the postoculars).
OP ONS GeO NS LS2 = C275, m0
preocular; 3rd labial entering
the eye; two temporals in con-
tact with the postoculars).
Wee. 19:<V. 1785 C.27 5
no preocular; 3rd and 4th
labials entering the eye; two
temporals in contact with the
postoculars).
NN
a.
Timor. Leyden Museum.
Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’
Ternate. H.M.S, ‘ Challenger.’
Amboyna, Dr. Bleeker. (Type
of Rhabdion gas-
trotenia. )
30. ELAPOIDES.
Elapoides, Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 519; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 194 (1830) ;
Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 122 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn.
p. 15 (1858).
Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837).
Elapoides, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1862, p. 20.
Maxillary bone very short, not extending anteriorly beyond the
palatine, with about 20 small and closely set equal teeth ; mandi-
heed
30. ELAPOIDES. 307
bular teeth subequal. Head not distinct from neck; eye small,
with round pupil; nostril large, between two nasals, the posterior
of which is concave ; no preocular, loreal and prefrontal entering
the eye. Body cylindrical, slender; scales lanceolate, keeled,
without apical pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail long, sub-
caudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the
vertebral column.
Malay Archipelago.
1. Elapoides fuscus.
Elapoides fuscus, Bove, 1. c.; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 123 (1854); Giinth.
Cat. p. 15 (1858) ; Jan, l. ce. p. 21, and Icon. Gén. 12, pl. i. figs. 2
& 3 (1865).
Calamaria elapoides, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 44, pl. i. figs. 31-33
(1837).
Snout short, broadly rounded ; rostral much broader than deep,
just visible from above; suture between the internasals as long as
or alittle shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal at
least as broad as long, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular
very small, the prefrontal entering the eye; a single very small
postocular, in contact with a narrow, elongate temporal ; six upper
labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very large ; three or
four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are about as long as the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 15
rows. Ventrals 146-158; anal entire; subcaudals 74-91. Dark
brown or brown and yellow above; uniform yellowish inferiorly,
passing to brown or brownish on the tail.
Total length 470 millim. ; tail 120,
Java, Sumatra.
A. Uniform dark brown above.
au: (V. 147 +. Cz 75). Java. Leyden Museum,
O72 -(Vilbbg 'C. 76). Java.
c-d. g (V. 148, 146; Willis Mountains, Baron y. Huegel [C.].
C. 87, 91). Kediri,Java,5000 ft.
B. Dark brown above, with small yellow spots.
e. 9 (V.152; 0.74). Willis Mts.,5000 ft. Baron v. Huegel [C.]._
stv. 158; ©, P). Java, Hr. Frihstorfer [C. |.
C. Anterior half of body yellow, with a dark brown vertebral stripe
and a series of small dark brown spots on each side; posterior
half of back uniform dark brown.
meee V. 1872 CoP) Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker,
(Elaphis sumatranus, Blkr.)
pep
308 COLUBRID®.
31. ACHALINUS.
Achalinus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 436.
Ophielaps, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 108.
Maxillary teeth 22 to 25, small, equal; mandibular teeth equal.
Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with round or vertically
subelliptic pupil ; nostril rather large, pierced in the anterior of two
nasals ; posterior nasal concave; no preocular, loreal extending
from the nasals to the eye; postoculars not distinct from anterior
temporals. Body cylindrical, slender; scales lanceolate, feebly
imbricate, keeled, without apical pits, in 21 to 25 rows; ventrals
rounded. ‘Tail long, subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column,
China and Japan.
Synopsis of the Species.
Scales in 25 rows; suture between the
internasals longer than that between the
Preinontalss. cvs, tare cere Bree 1. rufescens, p. 308.
Seales in 23 or 25 rows; suture between
the internasals shorter than that be-
beeen. the mretrontalasie cu +cat. 2. braconnieri, p. 309.
Scales in 21 rows; suture between the
internasals as long as that between the
preeirontals (ssn. caus eiwakeuets eee 3. spinalis, p. 309.
1. Achalinus rufescens. (Prare XX. fig. 2.)
Achalinus rufescens, Bouwleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888,
p. 45.
Head narrow, elongate; rostral small, as deep as broad, not
visible from above ; suture between the internasals twice as long as
that between the prefrontals; frontal broader than long, hardly
half as long as the parietals, four times as broad as the supraocular ;
only the upper anterior temporal in contact with the eye; temporals
242; three shields bordering the parietals on each side, the third
very large and separated from its fellow by a small scale; six upper
labials, first very small, fourth and fifth entering the eye, sixth much
elongate; three pairs of large chin-shields, immediately followed
by the ventrals. Scales strongly keeled, some distinctly tricarinate,
in 25 rows. Ventrals 136; anal entire: subeaudals 82. Uniform
pale reddish brown above ; upper labials and a spot on the temple
yellow; uniform yellowish beneath.
Total length 290 millim. ; tail 80.
Southern China.
a, o (V.135; C 82). Hong Kong. City Hall Museum, Hong Kong
'E.). (Type.)
32. HAPLOCERCUS. 309
2. Achalinus braconnieri.
Ophielaps braconnieri, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, p. 109.
Achalinus rufescens (nun Bouleng.), Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8)
iv. 1889, p. 220.
Distinguished from the preceding by the following characters :—
Suture between the internasals shorter than that between the
prefrontals; frontal thrice to thrice and a half as broad as the
supraocular; both anterior temporals in contact with the eye; two
pairs of chin-shields. Scales unicarinate, in 23 or 25 rows. Ven-
trals 159-170; subcaudals 48-59. Uniform blackish, ventrals
with a narrow whitish edge.
Total length 550 millim.; tail 83.
Southern China.
a-c, d. 3 (V. 161, 163, 159; Ichang. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.].
C. 57, 59, 59) & 9(V.170;
C. 48).
3. Achalinus spinalis.
Achalinus spinalis, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1869, p. 436, pl. —. fig. 1.
Suture between the internasals,as long as that between the pre-
frontals ; frontal broader than long, about thrice as broad as the
supraocular ; temporals 2+2, both anterior in contact with the
eye; six upper labials, first very small, fourth and fifth entering
the eye, sixth very long; three pairs of chin-shields, immediately
followed by the ventrals. Scales distinctly keeled, in 21 rows.
Ventrals 149; anal entire; subcaudals 62. Brown above, with a
median black dorsal line; brownish yellow inferiorly, with a black
stripe along the tail.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 115.
Japan (?).
32. HAPLOCERCUS.
Haplocercus, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 14 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind.
p- 204 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 290 (1890).
Aspidura, part., Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat, Phys. 11. 1862, p. 29.
Maxillary teeth about 10, moderately large, subequal: posterior
mandibular teeth a little shorter than the anterior. Head not
distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil; nostril
between two small nasals and the first labial; no loreal; a single
internasal. Body cylindrical; scales keeled, without apical pits, in
17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘l'ail moderate; subcaudals single.
Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Ceylon.
1. Haplocercus ceylonensis.
Haplocereus ceylonensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 15 (1858), and Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 204, pl. xviii. tig. G (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 291 (1890).
310 COLUBRID.
Aspidura carinata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 80, and
Icon. Gén. 138, pl. 1. fig. 5 (1865).
ceylonensis, Zheob. Cat. p. 143 (1876).
Rostral a little deeper than broad, not visible from above;
frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, three
fifths the length of the parietals; praefrontals in contact with the
second and third upper labials; one pra- and two postoculars ;
temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, fourth, or third and fourth,
entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields < posterior chin-shields small, scale-like. Scales elongate,
smooth on the nape, moderately keeled on the anterior half of the
back, sharply keeled on the posterior half and on the tail. Ventrals
177-207; anal single; subcaudals 37-56. Brown above, with a
black vertebral line, and, on each side, a series of small black spots ;
an oblique yellowish, black-edged band on each side of the nape,
which may disappear in the adult; lower surface uniform yellowish.
Total length 430 millim.; tail 60.
Ceylon.
a. 3 (V. 180; C. 56). Ceylon. R. ea te |
Ksq. [
BOs (Vo 207 3°C..50) 5) Ceylon:
Geo Vc LET 3542). Cey lon.
df. 2 (V. 192, 188; Punduloya, 4000ft. E. E. Green, Esq. [P.].
C. 37, AO ) & ye. (RE
196 ; 16. 36 ):
ie pes.)
33. ASPIDURA.
Aspidura, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 191 (1830) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén.
vil. p. 127 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 14 (1858), and Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 202 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 288 (1890).
Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p- 25 (1887).
Aspidura, part., ‘Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. 11, 1862, p. 29.
Maxillary teeth about 20, small, equal; posterior mandibular
teeth a little shorter than the anterior. Head not distinet from
neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two small
nasals and the first labial; no loreal; a single internasal; pre-
ocular present or absent. Body eylindrical ; scales smooth, without
apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded ; tail short ; sub-
caudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral
column.
Ceylon.
Synopsis of the Species.
A. Scales in 17 rows.
a. Both postoculars in contact with the parietal ; ventrals 125-
150,
A preocular: supraocular more than half
Jeneth of frontal, # ooe see eee 1. brachyorrhus, p. 311.
33. ASPIDURA. SEL
No preocular ; supraocular not half length
DiC GL: be oS ae Pier Sr 2. copii, p. 311.
b. Only the upper postocular in contact with the parietal;
WomunmeUO—IT oboe ne eaten 3. guentheri, p. 312.
BP Cae mBOWS: 1s 66.0 oh se ee en 4. trachyprocta, p. 313.
1. Aspidura brachyorrhus.
Scytale brachyorrhos, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 517.
Calamaria scytale, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 42 (1857).
Aspidura scytale, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 128 (1854).
brachyorrhos, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 14 (1858).
scytale, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 29, and
Icon. Ophid. 15, pl. 11. fig. 2 (1865),
brachyorrhos, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 202 (1864); Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 142 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p. 288, fig. (1890).
Rostral small, deeper than broad, scarcely visible from above ;
frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
two thirds the length of the parietals ; supraocular more than half
the length of the frontal; prafrontals in contact with the second
and third upper labials, separated from the eye by a preocular:
two postoculars, lower largest, both in contact with the parietal ;
temporals 1+ 2; six upper labials, first smallest, sixth largest,
fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and scale-like.
Scales in 17 rows, all perfectly smooth. Ventrals 139-154 ; anal
entire; subcaudals 27-38. Pale yellowish or reddish brown above,
with four more or less indistinct darker longitudinal streaks and a
vertebral series of blackish dots; an oblique blackish cross band on
each side of the nape; belly uniform yellowish, tail more or less
abundantly freckled with brown.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 40.
Ceylon.
a. 9 (V. 144; C.27). Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
b-k. & (V.141, 142, 139; C. 38,37,?), Ceylon.
© (V. 154, 152, 147; C. 30, 38,
29), & ye. (V. 148, 141, 142;
C. 32, 35, 35).
2. Aspidura copii.
Aspidura brachyorrhos, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 14 (1858).
copii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 203, pl. xviii. fig. E (1864) ;
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 143 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 289 (1890).
Rostral small, deeper than broad, not visible from above ; frontal
a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, three
fifths the length of the parietals: supraocular very small, not half
the length of the frontal; praefrontals in contact with the second,
Po 2 COLUBRID.
third, and fourth upper labials and with the eye: no preocular ;
two postoculars, lower largest, both in contact with the parietal ;
temporals 1+2; six upper labials, first smallest, sixth largest,
fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields (which, in the type specimen, happen to be
divided into two pairs); posterior chin-shields small and scale-like.
Scales in 17 rows, those on the sides of the anal region and on the
tail keeled in the male. Ventrals 125-150; anal entire; sub-
caudals 20-33. Brown above, with two longitudinal series of large
black, pale-edged spots; an oblique, black cross band on each side
of the nape; lower surfaces yellowish, spotted or freckled with
brown.
Total length 410 millim. ; tail 70.
Ceylon.
Gul 2a- Cr 33): Ceylon. (Type.) é
Gea toU sO. 20): District of Dimbola. Col. Beddome [C. ].
3. Aspidura guentheri. (Pirate XX. fig. 3.)
Aspidura guentheri, Ferguson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 819; Bouleng.
Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 290 (1890).
Xostral small, deeper than broad, not visible from above; frontal
as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, two thirds the length of the parietals; supraocular about
half the length of the frontal; praefrontals in contact with the
second and third upper labials, entering the eye; a preeocular; two
postoculars, only the upper in contact with the parietal; temporals
1+2; six upper labials, first and second very small, sixth largest,
fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small and scale-like.
Scales in 17 rows, all perfectly small. Ventrals 101-117; anal
entire; subcaudals 19-27. Dark brown abeve and below, back
with four longitudinal series of blackish dots ; head paler above; a
yellow nuchal collar, interrupted in the middle and bordered with
blackish posteriorly.
Total length 150 millim.; tail 20.
Ceylon.
Many specs., ¢ (V. 109, 110, Ceylon, near the W. Ferguson, Esq.
110, 106, 106; C. 26, 25, 27, coast. [P.]. (Types.)
26, 25), 2 (V. 111, 117, 108,
110, 107; C. 22, 21, 23, 20,
19), & yg. (V. 101, 105; C. 25,
24).
a.
I
b, e-d. 2 (V. 107,:110, 108; Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C. ].
C, 24, 92, 24),
34, BLYLHIA. 313
4. Aspidura trachyprocta.
Aspidura brachyorrhos, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 14 (1858).
trachyprocta, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 75; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. :. 203, pl. xviii. fig. F (1864) ; Theob. Cut. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 148 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 290
(1890).
scytale, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 29, and
Icon. Gén, 18, pl. ii. figs. 1-3 (1865).
Rostral small, deeper than broad, not visible from above; frontal
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, about two thirds
the length of the parietals ; supraoculars more than half the length
of the frontal; préfrontals in contact with the eye and with the
second and third upper labials, separated from the fourth by a small
preocular ; two postoculars, lower largest, both in contact with the
parietal ; temporals 14+2; six upper labials, first and second very
small, sixth largest, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small
and scale-like. Scales in 15 rows, tubercularly keeled on the anal
and caudal regions. Ventrals 120-147; anal entire; subcaudals
13-25. Brown or blackish above, with longitudinal series of small
darker spots and a dark lateral streak, which are more distinct in
the young; lower surface blackish, or yellowish spotted with black.
Total length 4V0 millim. ; tail 30,
Ceylon.
a,b. 6 (V..189; C. 24) & 2 Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
(V. 140; C. 16).
c,d. Many specs. : 3 (V. 137, Ceylon.
138, is 125; O.-23;,20, 21,
23), 2 ( V. 128, 127, 12 5; C.
18) 15, 17), & yg. (V. 144, 139,
141, 135, 1203 C. 15, 14, 22,
23, D4).
e, f. 2 (V. 189, 142; C. 18, 11). Ceylon.
I. . IW 144, 139; C. 24, 24), Ceylon. B. H. Barnes, Esq. [P.].
Ae XE: (V. 147; C. 23), Ceylon. oa Thw aites, Esq.
34. BLYTHIA.
Blythia, Theobald, Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 44 (1868); Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 287 (1890).
Maxillary teeth about 20, subequal ; posterior mandibular teeth
much shorter than the anterior. Head net distinct from neck; eye
small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril between two small
nasals and the first labial; no loreal or preocular. Body cylin-
drical; scales smooth, in 13 rows, without apical pits; ventrals
rounded. ‘Tail short, subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral column.
Khasi Hiils, N. India.
314 COLUBRID.
1. Blythia reticulata.
Calamaria reticulata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854,
p- 287.
Blythia reticulata, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 44 (1868),
and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 142 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 287, fig. (1890).
Rostral about as broad as deep, visible from above; suture be-
tween the internasals one half to two thirds as long as that between
the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of
the snout, about two thirds the length of the parietals ; one post-
ocular and one elongate temporal; six upper labials, third and
fourth entering the eye, first smallest, sixth largest ; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-
shields small. Scalesin 13 rows. Ventrals 127-150; anal divided ;
subeaudals 19-29. Blackish brown above and below, the lateral
scales and the ventrals edged with lighter.
Total length 420 millim.; tail 40.
Khasi Hills.
a-h. 3 (V. 188, 150, 127,129; Khasi Hills. T.C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]
C. 27, 29, 26,28), 2 (V. 146,
138, 141; C. 23, 19, 24), &
ys. (V. 182; C. 20).
35. PSEUDOXYRHOPUS.
Tomalocephalus (non Zett.), Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863,
p. 286.
Pseudoxyrhopus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) vii. 1881, p. 359;
Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 311.
Maxillary teeth 16 to 18, the two posterior strongly enlarged
and separated from the preceding by an interspace; anterior man-
dibular teeth much larger than the posterior and increasing in size
to the fifth, sixth, or eighth. Head scarcely distinct from neck ;
eye small, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth,
without pits, in 17 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather
short; subcaudals all or part in two rows. Hypapophyses de-
veloped throughout the vertebral column.
Madagascar.
Synopsis of the Species.
Vocales int2o-rows <2... eer 1. microps, p. 315.
IT. Scales in 21 rows
Xostral just visible from above...... 2. heterurus, p. 315.
Portion of rostral visible from above
at least half as long as its distance
irom thro trombalim ies wun cern 3. quinquelineatus, p. 315.
HTT. Seales aml Oo rowsin enc: eee 4, inerine, p. 316.
LY... Scales inl 7omowse opy.uscceree 5. punctatus, p. 317.
35. PSHUDOXYRHOPUS. ald
1. Pseudoxyrhopus microps.
Pseudoxyrhopus microps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) vii. 1881,
p. 359, fig. ; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 812, fig.
Snout obtuse, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep,
just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre-
frontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the
end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer
than deep; one pree- and two postoculars; temporals 1+ 2, anterior
in contact with the lower subocular only; eight upper labials,
fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior.
Scalesin 25 rows. Ventrals 207-225; anal divided ; subcaudals 45.
Uniform blackish brown above, yellowish or pale brown below; a
yellowish band may be present along the upper labials and across
the rostral.
Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 120.
Madagascar.
a. 6 (V. 225; C. ?). Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [C.].
(Type.)
b. gd (V. 207; C. 45). Ankafana, Betsileo. Rev. W. D. Cowan [C.].
2. Pseudoxyrhopus heterurus.
Homalocephalus heterurus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863,
p- 286, and Icon. Gén. 17, pl. iv. tig. 2 (1866).
Pseudoxyrhopus heterurus, Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881,
p- 525,
Snout obtuse, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep,
just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre-
trontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal
longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals
1+2, anterior in contact with the lower subocular only ; eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the
posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 155; anal divided ; sub-
caudals 35, 14 anterior single, the rest in pairs. Dark grey above,
yellowish inferiorly; upper labials dark with whitish edges; a
blackish median line under the tail.
Total length 525 millim.; tail 105.
Madagascar.
3. Pseudoxyrhopus quinquelineatus.
Liophis quinquelineatus, Giinth. dnn. § Mag. N. H. (5) vii. 1881,
p. 399, tig.
Pseudoxyrhopus quinquelineatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6)
vi. 1890, p. 315, fig.
316 COLUBRID”.
Snout prominent, subcuneiform, Rostral broader than deep, the
portion visible from above at least half as long as its distance from
the frontal; internasals shorter than the pretrontals; frontal a
little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the
snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ;
one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2, the anterior in
contact with the lower postocular only ; eight upper labials, fourth
and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales
in 21 rows. Ventrals 142; anal divided; subcaudals 45-47.
Brown above; a broad margin round the upper jaw yellowish,
both colours being divided by a sharply-defined line; five blackish
lines along the body; a few brown spots on the labials; lower
parts uniform yellowish.
Total length 490 millim, ; tail 85.
Madagascar.
a-b. 3 (V. 142; C. 47) & 9 Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [C. |.
(V. 142; C. 45). (Types.)
4, Pseudoxyrhopus imerine.
Coronella microps, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H (6) i. 1888, p. 104,
pl. v. fig. 4.
Liophis imerinee, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) v. 1890, p. 71.
Pseudoxyrhopus imerine, Bouleng. Ann. § Magy. N. H. (6) vi. 1890,
p. 318, fig.
Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about
half as long as its distance from the frontal; suture between the
internasals a little shorter than that between the prefrontals ;
frontal about once and a half as long as broad, longer than its dis-
tance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a
little longer than deep; one pre- and two (rarely three) post-
oculars; temporals 1+ 2, the anterior in contact with the lower
postocular only, rarely 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth,
or third, fourth, and fifth, entering the eye; four lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the
posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 137-148 ; anal divided ;
subcaudals 40-47. Young pale brown above, with six or eight
dark brown longitudinal lines, the median pair bordering a band
of darker brown than the ground-colour ; upper surface of head
with dark brown variegations; a dark brown streak on each side
of the head, passing through the eye, bordered below by a white
streak ; upper lip dark brown; throat brown, with white markings ;
belly pale brown, each shield with a darker anterior margin.
Adult with the dorsal markings more or less distinct, and the belly
nearly black.
Total length 460 millim.
Madagascar.
—
36. LYCOGNATHOPHIS. 317
a-b. Ye. (V. 148, 137; Madagascar, Rey. R. Baron [C.}.
C. 47, 40). (Types of C. microps.)
ec. 2 (V. 146; C. ?). Imerina. Rev. J. Wills [C.].
(Type of L. imerine.)
g. 2 (Vii48 > C..48). East Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.}.
5. Pseudoxyrhopus punctatus.
Xenodon punctatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 221, pl. —.
fig. 3.
Pseudoxyrhopus punctatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi.
1890, p. 315,
Eye small. Rostral just visible from above ; internasals as long
as the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than
its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
loreal small, deeper than long; one pre- and two postoculars ;
temporals 1+2, anterior in contact with both postoculars ; eight
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a
little shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 162;
anal divided ; subcaudals 42. Dark brown above, with longitudinal
lines of black dots; a white line along the upper labials ; lower
parts white, ventrals black on the sides and with a median black
spot here and there.
Total length 170 millim.; tail 26.
Brazil (?).
36. LYCOGNATHOPHIS.
Psammophis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 201 (1837).
Tropidonotus, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 549 (1854) ;
Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, ili. 1865, p. 203.
Maxillary teeth large, subequal, 20-22; anterior mandibular
teeth very large, much larger than the posterior. Head very
distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil;
no loreal shield. Body much elongate, rounded; scales keeled,
with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; sub-
caudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the
vertebral column.
Seychelles.
1. Lycognathophis sechellensis.
Psammophis seychellensis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. il. p. 212 (1837), and
Abbild, pl. xliii. figs. 9-14 (1844).
Tropidonotus seychellensis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 588 (1854); Jan,
Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 226; Giinth. Zool. Rec, 1869,
Dp. LEG:
Thrasops citrinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 322.
Restral at least twice as broad as deep, not visible from above ;
318 COLUBRIDA.
internasals a little longer than broad, a little shorter than the
preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad,
as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals ; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with the second and
third labials; one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals
1+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the
eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
‘which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all
strongly keeled. Ventrals 184-202; amal divided; subcaudals
92-110. Yellowish or greyish brown above, uniform or with dark
brown spots; a more or less distinct dark streak on each side of
the head, passing through the eye; upper lip yellowish, usually
with brown dots; hinder part of body usually with four series
of brown spots, which become confluent into stripes on the tail;
lower parts yellowish, usually more or less profusely powdered or
dotted with brown; a more or less marked brown spot at the outer
end of the anterior ventrals.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 510.
Seychelles.
a-c, d,e-g. 3 (V.190; C.?), Seychelles. Prof. E. P. Wright [C.].
(V. 197, 202, 193; ©. 104,
101, 108), & yg. (V. 196, 189,
185; C.?, 92,109).
hater (Ver So);, (C299), Seychelles, Sir J. Kirk [P.].
2. Skull. Seychelles,
Ayeodone hud 37, ABLABOPHIS.
Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1887).
Lamprophis, part., Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847); Jun,
Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1865, p. 284.
Ablabes, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp, Gén. vii. p. 304 (1854) ; Ginth.
Cat. Col. Sn. p. 27 (1858).
Maxillary teeth small, equal, 20 to 25; anterior mandibular
teeth longest. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye moderate,
with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth,
with apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ;
subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the
vertebral column,
South Africa.
1. Ablabophis rufulus.
Coronella rufula, Zicht. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 105 (1825);
Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 74, pl. ii. figs. 18 & 19 (1887).
leucopilus, Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1) no. 5, 1881,
lite
Lecisenniee rufulus, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lviii. (1847) 5
Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 285, and Icon. Gén. 17,
pl. iv. fig. 1 (1866).
Ablabes rufulus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 308 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p. 80 (1858).
a
38. TETRALEPIS. 319
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals
shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and
two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end
of the snout, shorter than the parictals; loreal longer than deep ;
one (rarely two) pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2;
eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as
long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows.
Ventrals 158-179 ; anal entire ; subecaudals 55-81. Uniform dark
olive-brown above; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white.
Total length 700 millim. ; tail 135.
South Africa.
a-c. ¢ (V. 167; C. 74) & Cape of Good Hope.
@ (V. 164, 159; C. 58,
57).
d. Hgr. (V. 179; C. 72). Cape Colony. J. P. M. Weale, Esq.
(Bale
ebigr. (CV, 170; C. 70). King William’s Town. H. Trevelyan, Esq.
PP.
Fa on (Vs kia; Cy 60). Port Natal. Rev. H. Calloway
Pals
a. @ (V. 175; C.69). Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.].
h-z. 9 (V. 175; C.70) & Pretoria, Transvaal. W. L. Distant, Esq.
ye. (V¥., 169; C. 70). Bel
Ee oli; G.)? ), Matabele-land. C. Beddington, Esq.
Pal
l. Skull, Cape of Good Hope.
38. TETRALEPIS.
Tetralepis, Boettger, Ber. Offenb. Ver, Nat. 1892, p. 124.
Maxillary teeth 14, third to eighth longest, the six last gradually
decreasing in size; mandibular teeth increasing in size to the fifth,
posterior very small. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye
rather small, with round pupil; nasal single. Body cylindrical ;
Fig. 18.
Maxillary and mandible of Tetralepis fruhstorferi.
scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail
rather short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Java.
320 COLUBRID.
1. Tetralepis fruhstorferi.
Tetralepis fruhstorteri, Boettg. lc. p. 125.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; suture between
the internasals considerably longer than that between the pre-
frontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, slightly
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, considerably
shorter than the parietals; nasal rather large, twice as long as
deep; loreal as long as deep; one prae- and two postoculars ; tem-
porals 14+2 or 1+1-+ 2, anterior elongate ; four upper labials, third
entering the eye, fourth very long; four lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior.
Seales in 15 rows. Ventrals 199-201; anal divided; subcaudals
43. Dark reddish brown above, with an indistinct darker vertebral
line; lower surface plumbeous or reddish grey.
Total length 502 millim.; tail 70.
Tengger Mts., Java, 4000 feet.
39. LAMPROPHIS.
Duberria, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826).
Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. 1. p. 50 (1837).
Lamprophis, part., Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847); Dum. §
Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 427 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat: Phys.
ii. 1863, p. 284.
Lamprophis, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 195 (1858); Cope, Proc. Ae.
Philad. 1864, p. 168.
Maxillary teeth small, 15 to 18, anterior longest ; anterior man-
dibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head small, not distinct from
Fig. 19.
Maxillary and mandible of Lamprophis aurora.
neck; eye moderate, with vertically subelliptic pupil. Body cylin-
drical; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 to 23 rows; ventrals
rounded. ‘Tail short, subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral cclumn.
South Africa.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Scales in 23 rows.
Internasals a little shorter than the prie-
frontals; loreal a little longer than
deep ; two pairs of chin-shields ........ 1. aurora, p. 321.
39. LAMPROPHIS. 321
Internasals much shorter than the prfron-
tals; loreal at least twice as long as
deep ; two pairs of chin-shields ........ 2. inornatus, p. 321.
Internasals longer than the prefrontals ;
loreal a little longer than deep; a
single pair of chin-shields ............ 3. fiskii, p. 322.
DRADER eS INLD TOWS. 2. 00s ovis ies cos |=4. fusous, p. 322.
1. Lamprophis aurora.
Coluber aurora, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 25, pl. xix. fig. 1 (1754),
and 8, N.i. p. 379 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 5 (1803).
Cerastes aurora, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 82 (1768).
Duberria aurora, Fitz. N. Class. Rept. p. 56 (1826).
Coronella aurora, Schleg. Phys. Serp. li. p. 75, pl. ii. figs. 20 & 21
(1837).
Lamprophis aurora, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 19
(1849); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 431 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 195
(1858).
Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter-
nasals a little shorter than the prifrontals ; frontal once and one
third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals; loreal] a little longer than deep; one procular, not ex-
tending to the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering
the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows.
Ventrals 170-182; anal entire; subcaudals 37-53. Olive or pale
brown above, uniform or speckled with black; the scales of the
vertebral series bright yellow or orange ; lower parts white.
Total length 650 millim. ; tail 120.
South Africa.
Gov. 1783, C.50). Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Statham [P.].
2 (V..182;: C. 37). Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Lee [P.].
c,d. 3(V. 179; C.52) & Cape of Good Hope.
weve Le0; C. aL).
Soa CVe L717 5 -C..52). Cape Town. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk
PP
Ze wey. t72;.C, 61). King William’s Town, H. Trevelyan, Esq.
: Pp
g- Yg.(V.172; C.51). Orange River. Dr. Kannemeyer |
(Puls
h. Skull. Cape of Good Hope.
2. Lamprophis inornatus.
Lamprophis inornatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 464 (1854).
Eye smaller than in Z. aurora. Internasals much shorter than
VOL. I. b's
SOM. COLUBRID.
the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer
than its distance from the end of the snout ; loreal nearly thrice as
long as deep; fourth and fifth upper labials entering the eye; two
pairs of equal chin-shields. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 170;
anal entire; subcaudals 54-61. Uniform brown above, brownish
white inferiorly.
Total length 260 millim,; tail +5.
Cape of Good Hope.
Hera( Velie CsGk): Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Lee [P.].
i]
3. Lamprophis fiskii.
Lamprophis fiski, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 898, pl. xxxiv.
Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above; internasals
longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth as lorg
as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pracoulet
not touching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; a single pair of
chin-shields, in contact with four lower labials. Scales i 23 rows.
Ventrals 178; anal entire; subecaudals 35. Lemon-yellow on the
five median rows of scales, with large blackish-brown spots forming
a single series anteriorly, a double alternating series posteriorly ;
head lemon-yellow above, with symmetrical blackish-brown mark-
ings, viz. an oblique band on each side of the occiput, a horseshoe-
shaped band passing through the eyes and across the snout, and a
bar across the frontal; lateral scales of body and tail brown in the
centre and yellowish white on the borders; upper lip and lower
parts white.
Total length 315 millim. ; tail 38.
South Africa.
a. Hgr. (V. 178; C. 35). Touw’s River. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk [P.].
(Type.)
4, Lamprophis fusecus. (Prarr XX. fig. 4.)
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals
half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long
as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
as long as the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep ; one pre-
and two postoculars ; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third
and fourth entering the eye; two pairs of very short chin-shields,
the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 19 rows.
Ventrals 198; anal entire; subcaudals 58, Uniform brown above ;
upper lip, two outer ruws of scales, and lower parts yellowish.
Total length 560 millim. ; tail 100.
Cape of Good Hope.
a. g (V. 198; C. 58). Cape of Good Hope.
40. GONIONOTOPHIs. 323
40. GONIONOTOPHIS.
Gonionotus (non Gray), Mocquard, Bull. Soe. Philom. (8) i. 1889,
p. 146.
Maxillary teeth 26, anterior but slightly longer than the others ;
anterior mandibular teeth likewise slightly longer. Head scarcely
distinct from neck, much depressed ; eye small, with vertically elliptic
pupil; nostril large ; praeocular present or absent. Body cylindrical ;
scales keeled, with apical pits, in 15 or 21 rows, those of the middle
row é€nlarged and bicarinate ; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate
laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapo-
physes developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical Africa.
Synopsis of the Species.
Scales strongly keeled, in 21 rows ; temporals
REMC er Miho satel stiite ewes cleared ew We 1. brussauxi, p. 323.
Scales strongly keeled, in 21 rows; temporals
Bee EERE ahah, it ace ofan ic sd0a wc, ala gag whey 2. vossii, p. 323.
Scales feebly keeled, in 15 rows; temporals
Ee MEST Reta eies pho'o ares oS wae a he Saceigs 3. grantii, p. 324.
1. Gonionotophis brussauxi.
Gonionotus brussauxi, Mocquard, 1. c. p. 146, pl. ii.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; in-
ternasals very short; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; supra-
ocular very small; loreal more than twice as long as deep; no
preocular, the loreal and the prefrontal entering the eye; two
postoculars ; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 21
rows, strongly keeled, the vertebral sharply bicarinate on the
posterior half of the body. Ventrals 176; anal single; subcaudals
73. Blackish brown abeye, dirty yellow beneath.
Total length 440 millim. ; tail 118.
Loudinia-Niari, Congo.
2. Gonionotophis vossii.
Gonionotus vossi, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1892, p 418,
Closely allied to the preceding, but head shorter, prefrontals not
longer than broad, and temporals 1+2. Scales in 21 rows, the
vertebral sharply bicarinate throughout the body. Ventrals 175;
anal single ; subcaudals 76.
Total length 454 millim. ; tail 110.
Cameroons.
Bee
324 COLUBRID.
3. Gonionotophis grantii. (Pxiare XXIII. fig. 1.)
Simocephalus grantii, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863,
p- 361.
Gonionotus grantii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) viii. 1891,
p. 345.
tostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from
above; internasals very short; frontal as broad as long, not quite
as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than
the parietals ; supraocular very small; loreal twice as long as deep;
one pre- and one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper
labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth sometimes in contact
with the parietal; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales rather
feebly keeled, lower row smooth, in 15 rows (19 on the neck).
Ventrals 167 ; anal entire: subcaudals 67. Blackish brown above,
the scales edged with lighter, yellowish beneath.
Total length 410 millim.; tail 90.
West Africa.
ab, § (V..167, 167; C. 67, P). W. Africa. Prof. Grant [ P.].
(T'ypes.)
41. BOTHROPHTHALMUS.
Bothrophthalmus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 287 ; Jan, Elenco
sist. Ofid. p. 57 (1865).
Maxillary teeth 23, anterior longest ; anterior mandibular teeth
longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil ;
loreal region with a deep concavity. Body cylindrical, elongate ;
scales strongly keeled, without pits, in 23 rows; ventrals rounded.
Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical Africa.
1. Bothrophthalmus lineatus.
Elaphis (Bothrophthalmus) lineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863,
. 287.
Bothrophthalmus brunneus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii.
1863, p. 356, pl. vi. fig. E; #. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii.
1885, p. 680.
— melanozostus, Jan, Elenco, p. 62 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 20,
pl. v. (1867).
—— lineatus, var. infuscatus, Buchh. § Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac.
1875, p. 198.
modestus, Fscher, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. 13.
—— lineatus, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887-88, p. 50.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals
much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once
and two thirds as long as broad, at least twice as broad as the
42. BOTHROLYCUS. 20
supraocular, as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the
end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal elongate, separated
from the eye by the lower preocular ; two (or three) preoculars,
upper largest; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; seven or eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or
longer than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 23 rows
Ventrals 190-205; anal entire; subcaudals 64-82. Head yel-
lowish or reddish brown, with black spots and two pairs of oblique
black lines, the outer passing through the eye ; body blackish brown,
uniform, or with yellow lines ; lower parts uniform yellowish.
Total length 920 millim. ; tail 165,
West and Central Africa.
A. Uniform blackish brown above.
&@ 2 (V..205; C. 75). Fernando Po. (Type of B. brunneus.)
B. With five yellowish longitudinal streaks, which are
narrower than the interspaces,
6. 2 (V..195,; C. 63). Oil River, W. Africa. H. H. Johnston, Esq.
Beae
c O.Gye 194, C.64). Akassa, mouth of Dr. J. W. Crosse [P.].
Niger.
d. Her. (V. 190; C. 66). Semunio, C. Africa. Hr. Bohndorff (C.].
C. With five yellowish longitudinal streaks, which are as
broad as the interspaces.
e. 9 (V. 202; C. 74). Ashantee. Mr. McCarthy [C.].
42. BOTHROLYCUS.
Bothrolycus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 444.
Maxillary teeth 20, forming a continuous series, the six anterior
strongly enlarged; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged.
Fig. 20.
Maxillary and mandible of Bothrolycus ater.
Head distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil ;
loreal region deeply concave, the pit entering the eye. Body short,
cylindrical; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 19 rows ; ventrals
rounded. ‘Tail very short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapo-
physes developed throughout the vertebral column.
West Africa.
\
326 COLUBRID Z.
1. Bothrolycus ater.
Bothrolycus ater, Gunth. 1. c. pl. lvii. fig. B.
Snout projecting, obliquely truncate; loreal region vertical.
Rostral a little broader than deep, not visible from above ; inter-
nasals much shorter than the prafrontals ; frontal once and a half
2s long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,
as long as the parietals; loreal elongate, entering the eye; two
postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third, fourth,
and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than
the posterior. Scales in19 rows. Ventrals 147-148; anal entire;
subeaudals 18-22. Blackish brown above, head paler; pale brown
inferiorly, with whitish dots or short streaks; lips and chin with a
few whitish, black-edged dots.
Total length 460 millim.; tail 40.
Cameroons.
a. 9 (V. 147; OC. 22). Cameroons. (Type.)
gO (Vi.4148 «Co 18). Cameroons. D. G. Rutherford, Esq. [C. ].
43. CYCLOCORUS.
Cyclocorus, Dum. §& Bihr. Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 460, and
Trp. Gén. vii. p. 885 (1854): Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 208 (1858) ;
Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 95 (1863).
Maxillary and dentary bones angularly bent inwards anteriorly ;
three or four anterior teeth, in both jaws, increasing in size, the
last large and fang-like, followed after an interspace by 12 or 13
es
etabesA
ed
Maxillary and mandible of Cyclocorus lineatus.
small maxillary teeth. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye
rather small, with round pupil. Body moderately elongate, eylin-
drical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows ; ventrals rounded.
Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed through-
out the vertebral column.
Philippine Islands.
44. Boopon. 327
1. Cyclocorus lineatus.
Lycodon lineatus, Reinh. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afh. x. 1843, p. 241,
pl. i. figs. 7-9.
Cyclocorus lineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 386 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p. 208 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1870).
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from
above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and
two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from
the.end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal as
long as deep or a little longer; two pre-and two postoculars ; tem-
porals 24+2 or 2+35; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth
entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are as long as ora little longer than the
posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 142-156; anal entire ;
subeaudals 40-53. Brown above, with three darker longitudinal
streaks, the middle of which widens on the head; a lateral series
of light dots may be present; lower parts yellowish, uniform or
with triangular black spots; a series of triangular black spots along
each side of the belly and tail.
Total length 520 millim.; tail 105.
Philippines.
a-d. 9 (V. 153; C.47) & Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
her. (V. 142, 148, 144;
C. 49, 53, 48). :
e. d (V. 144; C. 52). Philippines. Purchased.
ye
44. BOODON.
Lycodon, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p- 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p. 104 (1837).
Bordon, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 460, and Erp.
Gén. vii. p. 857 (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 95 (1863).
Alopecion, Dum. § Bibr. ll. cc. pp. 462, 416.
Jugnathus, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 404.
Holuropholis, A. Dum. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1856, p. 465; Giinth.
Cat. Col. Sn. p. 200 (1858) ; Jan, J. ec. p. 98.
Boodon, Giinth. 1. c. p. 198; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 133
(1882).
The five or six anterior maxillary teeth enlarged, forming a
slightly interrupted series with the remainder; 18 to 24 maxillary
teeth altogether; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged.
Head not or but slightly distinct from neck, more or less depressed ;
eye small or moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body eylin-
drical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 to 51 rows: ventrals
rounded. Tail short or moderate; subcaudals in two rows or single.
Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical and South Africa.
COLUBRID.
Fig. 22.
5
.
= SS
Skuli of Boodon olivaceus.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Subcaudals in two rows.
A. Preocular not extending to upper surface of head; usually
three labials entering the eye.
1. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; rostral about once and a half as
broad as deep.
1. lemniscatus, p. 329.
Frontal as long as parietals ..........
Frontal shorter than parietals ........ 2. geometricus, p. 329.
2. Scales in 23 or 25 rows; rostral nearly twice as broad as
Aran Ware se eer oe 3. infernalis, p. 330.
deep
B. Preocular extending to upper surface of head, and often in
contact with the frontal.
1. Seales in 23 rows.
4. virgatus, p. 331.
i e : ; We ee? 5. guttatus, p. 331.
Subcaudals 47-61
Subcaudals 72
44, Boopon. 329
2. Scales in 25 to 31 rows.
a. Two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other.
Parietal shields longer than the distance
between the frontal and the end of
Un pc 01) og Sele ear Se! 6. lineatus, p. 332.
Parietal shields as long as the distance
between the frontal and the end of
10) S100 1s a a a ree 7. fuliginosus, p. 334.
6. Only one pair of chin-shields meeting on the median line.
8. mentalis, p. 335,
Ri Subedudalssingle 2... ....05 05% 9. olivaceus, p. 335.
1. Boodon lemniscatus.
Bowdon lemniscatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 365 (1854); Jan, Icon.
Gén. 36, pl. i. fig. 1 (1870); Blanf. Geol. § Zool. Abyss. p. 457
(1870).
Eye small. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from
above; internasals subtriangular, shorter than the preefrontals ;
frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end
of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one
- preeocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two (or
three) postoculars; temporals 1+ 2; eight upper labials, third,
fourth, and fifth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much longer than
the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 194-200; anal
entire ; subcaudals 41-60. Pale brown above; a dark vertebral
band, extending to the end of the snout and forming a loop on the
crown; a dark lateral band, three or four scales wide on the body,
also extending to the end of the snout, passing through the eye;
lower parts yellowish, with brown dots, which may form a streak
along each side of the belly, and one along the middle of the tail.
Total length 800 millim.; tail 110.
Abyssinia.
a-b. 6 (Se. 21; V. 200; C.55) Ashangi. W.T. Blanford, Esq.
a o(se. 21); V_ 197 ; 0. 41). (-P.i}
ce. g (Sc. 21; V. 194; C. 60). Abyssinia. W. Jesse, Esq. [C.].
2. Boodon geometricus.
Lycodon geometricus, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 111 (1837).
Eugnathus geometricus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 406 (1854).
Bowedon geometricum, Jan, Elenco, p. 95 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 36,
pl. iii. fig. 2 (1870); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 134 (1882) :
Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova (2) xii. 1891, p. 14.
Boodon seychellensis, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. WN. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 380,
pl. xviii. fig. C.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
330 COLUBRID.
above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as
long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little
shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; one preocular,
not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars ;
temporals 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, usually three of which
enter the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 21
or 238 rows; ventrals 194-207; anal entire; subcaudals 50-60.
Brown above, with three more or less distinct darker longitudinal
streaks ; snout and sides of head pale, with a brown black-edged
temporal streak, and another from below the eye to the mouth ;
lips with a few large brown spots; lower parts brown, chin and
throat spotted with darker.
Total length 850 millim.; tail 135.
Seychelles.
a-c. 3 (Sc. 23, 23; V. 194,194; Seychelles. Prof. E. P. Wright [P. ].
C. 59, 60) & 9 (Se. 25; V. 207 ; (Types of B. seychellensis.)
C. 52).
3. Boodon infernalis. (Ptarx XXI. fig. 1.)
Boodon infernalis, Giinth. Cat. p. 199 (1858).
‘ye small. Rostral much broader than deep, not extending to
the upper surface of the snout, forming a broad suture within the
internasals, which are much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal
once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long
as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
loreal at least twice as long as broad; one or two prvoculars, not
extending to the upper surface of the head; two (rarely one) post-
oculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and
fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, or a little
longer. Scales in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 175-195; anal entire;
subcaudals 48-70. Uniform dark olive or blackish all over, or
lower parts yellowish.
Total length 790 millim.; tail 125.
East and South Africa.
a-b. § (Sc. 23; V. Zanzibar. Capt. Speke [ P.].
176; ©. 54) & Q(Sc.
23: V.179; C. 48).
c,d. d (Sc. 23, 23; V. S. Africa. Haslar Collection.
176, 175; C. 59, ?). Pali
e. 8 (Sc. 25; V. 195; Port Natal. Rev. H. Calloway ( (1yPes-)
1, 70). (P.].
Ff. 2 (Se. 28; V. 194; Natal. KE. Howlett, Esq. [ P.].
CG. 53).
g. Hgr. (Sc. 25; V.195; Port Elizabeth. J. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.].
C. 54).
h. Ugr. (Sc. 25; V.186; Damaraland.
C. 51).
44. Boopon. 331
4. Boodon virgatus.
Ceelopeltis virgata, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 98.
Bozxdon nigrum, Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 91,
pl. iit. fig. 2; A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 194, pl. xvii. fig. 2;
Jan, Icon. Gén, 36, pl. ii. fig. 5 (1870).
quadrivirgatum, fallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 56.
Boodon geometricus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 198 (1858).
virgatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 261; Bouleng. Ann.
Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 14.
lineatus, var, nigra, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887-88, p. 71.
ventralis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 329,
pl. xviii. fig, A.
Kye moderate. Jtostral broader than deep, just visible from
above; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal
once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as
or a little longer than its distance trom the end of the snout, a little
shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one or two
preoculars, extending to the upper surface of the head and usually
in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2;
eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little
longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 186-212:
anal entire; subcaudals 47-61. Uniform blackish brown, except
‘ the middle line of the belly, which is yellowish; two yellowish
lines on each side of the head, the lower passing through the eye.
Total length 850 millim.; tail 120,
West Africa.
a, b. 3 (V. 194; C.59) & Old Calabar. — Logan, Esq. )
Q “V. 205; C. 52). (P.}.
\ )
o,(V. 186; C.61). Old Calabar.
reat ‘is
d. g (V. 202; C.?). Ashantee, las
e. Yg. (V. 190; C. 56). Interior of Ashantee. gai
Ff. Her. d (V. 206; 0.57). W. Africa. J. ©. Salmon, | & ~
Esq. [P.]. 8
g. & (V. 200; C.61). W. Africa. J
5. Boodon guttatus.
Lycodon guttatus, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. xxiii. (1843).
Alopecion annulifer, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 416 (1854) *; Giinth. Cat.
p- 196 (1858).
Boodon guttatus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 14.
Snout rather prominent, the rostral well visible from above ;
internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a
half as long as broad; Joreal trapezoid, elongate; one prae- and two
postoculars ; temporals 142; nine upper labials, two entering the
eye. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 196; anal entire; subcaudals
* Smith’s and Duméril and Bibron’s descriptions appear to me to be drawn
up from the same specimen.
332 COLUBRID.
72. Yellowish brown above, with several rows of reddish-brown
spots with umber-brown borders, the two rows of spots along the
middle of the back almost circular and largest; a dark brown
blotch on each side of the back of the head, and a pair of dark
longitudinal streaks on the nape; underparts pale yellow.
Total length 402 millim. ; tail 87.
Interior of South Africa.
6. Boodon lineatus.
Lycodon geometricus (non Schleg.), Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept.
pl. xxii. (1845).
Bordon lineatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 363 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat
p- 200 (1858); Bouleng. Zoologist, 1887, p. 178; Boettg. Ber.
Offend. Ver. Nat. 24-25, 1885, p. 184, and Ber. Senck. Ges, 1887-
88, p. 69, and 1889, p. 294; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii.
1891, Pp a Bedriaga, Amph, et Rept. I, de Guinée (Istituto,
xxxix,) 32 (1892).
= ‘eapense Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 864; A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x.
1859, p. 194, pl. xvii. fig. 3.
quadrivittatum, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857 , p. O4.
quadrilineatum, A. Dum. J. ¢. p. 193, fig. 4; ‘Jun, Icon. Gén.
36, pl. il. figs. 2 & 53 (1870); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 183
(1882).
Alopecion variegatum, Bocage, Journ. Se. Lisb. 1. 1867, p. 230
Giinth. Zool. Rec, 1867, p. 141.
Boodon geometricum, Bocage, Jorn. Se, Lish, xi. 1887, p. 199.
bipreeocularis, Giinth. Ann. &§& Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 330,
pl. xviii. fig. B.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a
half to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its
distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the
parietals; latter shields longer than the distance between the
frontal and the end of the snout; loreal longer than deep; one or
two preoculars, extending to the upper surface of the head and
frequently in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals
142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth (rarely also third)
entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, or a little
longer. Scales in 25 to 31 rows. Ventrals 192-237; anal entire;
subeaudals 47-70. Brown above, uniform or variegated with
yellowish, with or without a yellow lateral streak; side of head
light, the brown of the upper surface ending in a point on the
snout, with a dark brown lateral streak passing through the eye,
and brown spots on the labials, or head dark brown with two more
or iess distinct light lines on each side; lower parts yellowish.
Total length 870 millim.; tail 110.
Tropical and South Africa,
44. Boopon. 333
A. Scales in 25 rows.
a. 3 (V. 195; C. 60). Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C.].* ) (Typesof
b. Yg.(V.200; C.64). Rabai Hills, Rey. W. E. B.bipre-
Mombas. Taylor [P.]. ocularis).
c. Yg.(V. 196; C. 63). Pungo Andongo. Dr. Welwitsch [P.].
B. Scales in 27 rows.
doc (V. 21t 3. C.,56). Lado.
e-k. Her. ¢(V. 210; C. 64) & Zanzibar.
yg. (V. 198, 211, 194, 203,
193; C. 67, 60, 61, 53, 70).
Dr. Emin Pasha
Pl
Sir J. Kirk [C.].
l. Yg. (V. 203; C. 52). Zanzibar ? Sir J. Kirk [C.].
m. Yg. (V. 208; C. 54). Kilimanjaro. I. J. Jackson, Msq.
Pr;
n. 3 (V. 192; C. 68, partly Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
single). (Type of B. bipreocularis.)
Go Gv 192; C. P). Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
po itVaolo; C. ?). Nyassaland, H. H. Johnston,
Ksq. [P.].
G0 OWe 197; CP). Blantyre Mission J. Grant, Esq. [P.}.
Station.
Pei Loos, ©. OS). Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [C.}.
s. Hgr. (V. 206; C. 55). Delagoa Bay. South African
- Museum [ P. ].
ie, (Gvaeaia = ©. 66); Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.].
u. Her. (V. 199; C. 5). Wathen, R. Congo. Mrs. Bentley [C.]}.
C. Scales in 29 rows.
vv. Her. 9 (V. 218; C.?)& Zanzibar.
ye. (V. 204, 208; C. 51,51).
y. Her, 9 (V. 204; C. 54). Mombasa.
z-a. 6 (V. 205; C. 62) & 9 Mpwapwa, E.
(V. 227%. C. 53). Africa.
Be 2 (V. 219; C..47). Nyassaland.
y. Ye. (V. 201; C. 63). Zambesi Exped.
6. Yg. (V. 205; C. 60). Sierra Leone.
Bee OV wold 5 ©. 68). Benguela.
¢. Yg. (V. 233; C. 58). Benguela.
(One of the types of Alopecion variegatum.)
n. Her. 9 (V. 227; C. 56). Pungo Andongo.
6. Her. ¢V. 205; C. 57). Delagoa Bay.
Miss Macomish
[P.].
Sir J. Kirk [C.1.
D. J. Wilson, Esq.
[P.}.
H. H. Johnston,
Esq. [P.].
Sir J. Kirk [C.].
H. F. Blissett, Esq.
LP als
F. F. Monteiro,
Esq. {P.].
Prof. B. du Bocage
Be
Dr. Welwitsch
Ss. Afziean Museum
fet}.
* Although not alluded to in Dr. Giinther’s description of B. bipreocularis,
this is the actual specimen from which the figure on pl. xviii. fig. B is taken.
334 COLUBRID &.
wk. 9 (V. 230, 225; C. 49,48). Orange River. Dr. Kannemeyer
[P.].
Ree V.219; C. 52). Near Grahamstown. Rev. G. IL R.
Fisk [P.].
p. 2 (V. 217; C. 50). Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.],
pag V., 2095 “©. (66). Natal. KK. Howlett, Esq.
(eel.
Eano (V. 2205058); Port Elizabeth. Mr. J. L. Drege
Po]
D. Scales in 31 rows.
. 2 (V. 232; C. 55). Taveta, E. Africa. Keith Anstruther,
Fisg...['P.1.
c)
a. Her. 2 (V. 216; C. 62). Coast of Guinea.
p- 2 (V. 230; C. 52). Ashantee,
cublor OF(Ve218i; C. 47), Sierra Leone.
a. Her. 6. (V. 202; C. 62). Congo.
Oe UV. 220). Cro2.) Pungo Andongo. Dr. Welwitsch
(Pals
GOV. 221 C..53), Cape of Good Hope. Chatham Mus.
x: @ (V. 225; C. 49). King William’s J. P. M. Weale,
Town. Esq. [P.].
7. Boodon fuliginosus.
Lycodon fuliginosus, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 551.
unicolor (zon Bote), Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p 112 (1837).
Bozedon unicolor, Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 359 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat.
p- 199 (1858); A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 194, pl. xvii.
tig. 1; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1870); Boettg. Abh. Senck.
Ges. xii. 1881, p. 398.
Boodon fuliginosus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 15.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and
a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its dis-
tance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal at
least twice as long as deep; one or two preoculars, in contact with
the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2, rarely 242; eight
or nine upper labials, two or three of which enter the eye; three
or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 27 to
31 rows. Ventrals 205-237; anal entire; subcaudals 47-67.
Uniform blackish brown above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 850 millim.; tail 100.
Soudan.
a@oY oe (Se.3ls Vo 214. C64), Cape Yubi. Fischer Collection.
bay (Seiols W.22tee..30). Semmio. Hr. F. Bohndo:tf
[C.].
Cac. (Se. 275 Ven 20oce C162). W. Africa.
d. Her.(Sc. 29; V. 224; C. 47). Africa. Prof. Grant [ P. }.
ea Q (Se. 31; V. 237; C, Ad): Africa.
44, noopon. goa
S. Boodon mentalis.
Boodon mentalis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 331,
pl. xix. fig. A.
Kye moderate. Rostral fully twice as broad as deep, not visible
from above, forming a broad suture with the internasals, which are
a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds
as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of
the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one
preocular, in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals
142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye;
three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; pos-
terior chin-shields very narrow and entirely separated from each
other by the anterior. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 214; anal
entire; subcaudals 54. Pale brownish above ; two yellow lines on
each side of the head ; lower parts white.
Total length 350 millim. ; tail 50.
Damaraland.
a. Her. (V. 214; C. 54). Damaraland. (Type.)
9. Boodon olivaceus.
Holuropholis olivaceus, A. Dum. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1856, p. 466,
and Arch, Mus, x. 1859, p. 196, pl. xvi. fig. 1; Giinth. Cat. p. 200
(1858).
Boodon poensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) 1. 1888, p. 330.
olivaceus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 15.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
above ; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once
and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of
the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal
longer than deep; one or two preeoculars, usually in contact with the
frontal ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or
third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; three or four lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than
the posterior. Scales in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 191-214; anal
entire ; subcaudals 40—55, single. Uniform blackish brown, belly
usually lighter brown, or with a yellowish median stripe.
Total length 850 millim. ; tail 110.
West Africa.
a, b. g (Sc. 25; V.194; Niger Expedition.
C. 53) & her. (Se. 27 ;
V. 210; C. 40).
e. paise. 275. V..208 5 Old Calabar. D. G. Rutherford,
C. 43). Esq. [C.].
d-f. 6 (Se. 25; V. 191; Cameroons. Fischer Collection.
©. 58), Q (Sc. 27;
V. 206; C. 44), & yg.
(Se. 25; V. 204; C.42).
336 COLUBRID At.
g-h. 3 (Se. 27; V. 192; Cameroons. Rev. J. Pinnock [C.1].
C. 45) & 2 (Se. 27;
V. 205; C. 42).
% Yo. (Sc. 25; V. 214; Fernando Po. Zool. Soc. (Type of:
C. 44). B. poensis.)
k. 9 (Sc. 27; V. 205; C.43). W. Africa.
l. 3, skel. W. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.].
45. LYCOPHIDIUM.
Lycodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. 11. p. 104 (1837).
Lycophidion, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 462, and
Erp. Gén, vii. p. 412 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 197 (1858) ;
Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 96 (1863) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii.
p- 184 (1882).
Lissophis, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 59.
Alopecion, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 195.
Metoporhina, Giinth. 1. c. p. 197.
Maxillary and dentary bones angularly bent inwards anteriorly,
the 6 to 10 anterior maxillary teeth increasing in size, followed
after a short interval by 15 to 17 very small teeth ; mandible ante-
riorly with five or six small teeth increasing in size and one or two
large fang-like teeth, followed by very small teeth. Head scarcely
distinct from neck, much depressed; eye small, with vertically
elliptic pupil; nostril in a single nasal followed by a small post-
nasal ; preocular much developed on the upper surface of the head,
taking the place of the supraocular anteriorly. Body cylindrical ;
scales smooth, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded.
Tail short or moderate ; sabcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical and South Africa.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Subcaudals less than 60; loreai separated from the eye by the
preeocular.
A. Scales in 15 rows; ventrals 153-155; subcaudals 23-82.
1. meleagris, p. 337.
B. Scales in 17 rows.
1, Eight upper labials.
a. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep.
a. Two labials entering the eye; diameter of the eye not
greater than its distance from the mouth; ventrals
LAGANSS ys re cre nroten ere 3. laterale, p. 338.
fB. Three labials entering the eye.
* Parietal shields considerably longer than the distance
between the frontal and the end of the snout.
45. LYCOPHIDIUM. 337
Diameter of the eye hardly equal to its dis-
tance from the mouth; ventrals 140—
150% subeaudals. (8-28 2. ke ee eee 2. acutirostre, p. 338.
Diameter of the eye considerably greater
than its distance from the mouth;
ventrals 146 ; subcaudals 30 ........ 4. semiannulis,p. 339.
Diameter of the eye considerably greater
than its distance from the mouth;
ventrals 164-192; subcaudals 30-45 ..
Diameter of the eye not greater than its
distance from the mouth; ventrals
164-189 ; subcaudals 28-33 ........ 6. jacksoni, p. 340.
** Parietal shields not or but slightly longer than
the distance between the frontal and the end of
the snout ; subcaudals 37-52.
Or
capense, p. 339,
Petneas ORO a ooo ce Sse eben wo 7. ivroratum, p. 340.
emunMaeLOUK AL) secs. ices sy awe ees 8 8. semicinctum, p. 341.
b. Rostral but little broader than deep; ventrals 206; sub-
CRUG. ods wien be. ceo One 9. abyssinicum, p.342.
2. Seven upper labials, sixth largest ; ventrals 180-198 ; sub-
C1uGais at —9O 4. . de Sc-crdnee 10. fasciatum, p. 342.
II. Subcaudals 72; ventrals 225; loreal entering the eye.
11. elapoides, p. 343.
1. Lycophidium meleagris. (Prare XX1. fig. 2.)
Lycophidion horstockii, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 197 (1858), and Ann.
§ Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 427.
horstockii, Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1870).
Diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth.
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above;
internasals about as large as the nasals; preefrontals a little broader
than long; frontal as long as broad, a little shorter than its dis-
tance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ;
loreal longer than deep; prxocular as large as or larger than the
supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal; two postoculars,
both in contact with the parietal; temporals 1+2; eight upper
labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh largest ;
chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four or five
lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 153-155; anal entire ;
subeaudals 23-32. Black above and beneath; a white dot on the
end of each scale, the scales on the sides white in their posterior
moiety ; ventrals edged with white.
Total length 260 millim. ; tail 25.
Angola.
a Pay..tos ; C. 25). Ambrizette.
by Ye, (V. 155; €. 32). Ambriz. Mr. Rich [C.].
VOL. I. Z
338 COLUBRID.
2. Lycophidium acutirostre.
Lycophidium acutirostre, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) 1. 1868,
p. 427, pl. xix. fig. D.
Diameter of the eye hardly equal to its distance from the mouth.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals
a little larger than the nasals; preefrontals a little broader than
long ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from
the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal
longer than deep; preocular larger than the supraocular, broadly
in contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with
the parietal; temporals 14+2 or 2+38; eight upper labials, third,
fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh largest ; chin-shields
very small, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials.
Seales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140-150; anal entire; subcaudals
18-28. Blackish brown, uniform or ventrals and lateral scales
edged with whitish; sides of the head and end of snout whitish
with brown spots.
Total length 295 millim. ; tail 30.
Zanzibar.
a-e. 6 (V. 146; C. 21) & 9 Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Types.)
(V. 140, 148, 146, 150;
(©. 22, 24, 23, 18).
Ff. Her. (V. 146; C. 28). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
3. Lycophidium laterale.
Lycophidion Jaterale, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 58.
Lycophidium capense, var, lateralis, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888,
p- 68.
Diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth. Ros-
tral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals hardly
as large as the nasals; prefrontals a little longer than broad;
frontal as long as broad or a little longer, shorter than its distance
from the end of the snout and than the parietals ; loreal longer
than deep; preocular rather larger than the supraocular, broadly
in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars, both in contact with
the parietal; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye, seventh largest; chin-shields very small, the
anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17
rows. Ventrals 176-188; anal entire; subcaudals 32-44. Brown
or blackish above, uniform or with more or less distinct large pale
brown or yellowish spots on the back; two yellow streaks on each
side of the head, confluent with each other and with their fellows on
the snout.
Total length 490 millim.; tail 60.
Coast of Guinea.
a. 9 (V. 186; C. 32). Acera, Gold Coast. A. Higlett, Esq. [P. ]!
b-c. g (V.178; C. 43) Cameroons.
& 2 (V.181: C.385).
45, LYCOPHIDIUM. 339
4. Lycophidium semiannulis.
Lycophidion semianwulis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, ‘p. 622;
Giinth. Cat. an 197 (1858) ; Pe eters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 135,
pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1882),
Appears to agree very closely with LZ. capense, but the ventrals
are much fewer, viz. 146, ‘Subcaudals 30. Greyish blue or
purplish above, with irregular black cross bars ; snout and sides of
head yellowish, speckled with black; blackish brown beneath, the
shields edged with yellowish.
Total length 260 millim.; tail 38.
Tette, Mozambique.
5. Lycophidium capense.
Lycodon capensis, Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1) no. 5, 1831,
p. 18, and Til. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. v. (1838).
-horstoki part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 111, pl. iv. figs. 10 &
11 (1837)
Lycophidium horstokii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 412 (1854).
Lycophidion horstockii, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 197 (1858), and Ann.
&§& Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868 , p. 427.
capense, Ad. Dum. Arch. du Mus. x. 1859, p. 197; Peters,
Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 134 (1882).
Lycophidium capense, mut. multimaculata, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges.
1888, p. 67.
Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals
about as large as the nasals; prvefrontals as long as broad or a little
longer ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, a little shorter
than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the
parietals ; loreal longer than deep: preocular as large as or a little
larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal ;
two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; temporals 1+2;
eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh
largest ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four
or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 164-192; anal
entire ; subcaudals 30-45. Brown, purplish, or olive above ; sides
of head speckled or vermiculate with whitish.
Total length 450 millim. ; tail 45.
Africa south of the Equator.
A. Brown or dark purple above, the lateral scales tipped with
whitish ; lower parts whitish. (JZ. capense, Smith.)
vs © (V. 188; C. 39). Cape of Good Hope.
b. g (V. 180; C. 38). Port Elizabeth. J. P. M. Weale, Esq.
Rsei:
nO (CV. 189 ; C. 32), Port Elizabeth. J. M. Leslie, Esq
EPs
d. 2 (V. 190; C. 30). Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [P.].
ée. Yg. (V. 179; C. 45). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk | [C.}.
“2
340 COLUBRID.
B. Dark purplish brown above and below, lateral scales and ventrals
with a whitish edge ; throat white.
f. 3 (V.176; C. 37). Duque de Bragance, Prof. Barboza du Bocage
Angola. eae
g. 3d (V. 182; C. 45). Nyassaland. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.].
C. Dark grey above, the scales edged with blackish; two series of
black spots along the back, the anterior confluent into cross
bars ; throat white; ventrals and subcaudals blackish brown
edged with whitish. (Var. multimaculata, Boettg.)
(age ciel (ein 7a Oars) Congo.
6. Lycophidium jacksoni. (Prare XXI. fig. 3.)
Diameter of the eye not greater than its distance from the mouth.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals
about as large as the nasals ; preefrontals a little longer than broad ;
frontal a littie longer than broad, as long as its distance from the
rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ;
preocular as large as the supraocular, broadly in contact with the
frontal ; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; tem-
porals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering
the eye ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four
lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 164-189; anal entire ;
subcaudals 28-33. Olive-grey above and beneath, the scales with
or without whitish dots.
Total length 550 millim.; tail 55,
East Africa.
a. 9 (V.189; C.33). Kilimanjaro. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [ P
b. 2 (V.164; C.28). Lamu, E. coast of Africa, I. J. Jackson, Esq, rP.
N. of Zanzibar.
ayes)
7. Lycophidium irroratum.
Coluber irroratus, Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 494 (1819).
Hypsirhina maura, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 67 (1842).
Metoporhina irrorata, Giinth. Cat. p. 198 (1858).
Lycophidium irroratum, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i.
1868, P. Boe
Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. iii. fig. 5 (1870).
guttatus, Jan, de: fio. 6.
Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals
hardly as large as the nasals ; preefrontals a little longer than broad ;
frontal as long as broad or a little longer, shorter than its distance
from the end of the snout, which nearly equals the length of the
parietals; loreal long2r than deep; przocular nearly as large as or
larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal;
two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1+ 2:
eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh —
45, LYCOPHLDIUM. 341
largest ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four
or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 164-189; anal
entire ; subcaudals 37-52. Brown above, with or without a dark
vertebral line; a series of transverse dark brown or black spots
usually present along each side of the back, these spots wide apart
and usually alternating with those of the other side; head speckled
or vermiculated with dark brown; a yellowish, dark-edged streak
from the eye to the angle of the mouth; ventrals and subcaudals
dark brown or olive-brown in the middle, yellowish speckled with
brown on the sides.
Total length 420 millim. ; tail 57.
Guinea.
a. Hgr. (V. 170; C. 39). Fantee. T. E. Bowdich, Esq. [P.].
(Type.)
Gop eoy aed 3:0. 42): Ashantee. Mr. McCarthy [C.].
ce. 2 (V. 164; C. 37). Gold Coast. (Type of ZZ. maura.)
dave. UV. 164;,C: ?). Asaba, 180 miles Dr. J. W. Crosse [ P.].
up the Niger.
e-g. & (V. 188; C. 52) W. Africa. J.C. Salmon, Esq. [P.].
& 9 (V. 180,189; C.
42, 43).
; 8. Lycophidium semicinctum.
Lycodon horstokii, part., Sch’eg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 111 (1837).
Lycophidion semicinctum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 414 (1854); Jan
Icon. Gén. 36, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1870).
horstockii, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 197 (1858), and Ann. § Mag
N. H. (8) xviii. 1866, p. 29, pl. vii, fig. A, and (4) i. 1868
. 427.
horstockii, var. albomaculata, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, \xii.
1870, p. 334. ,
Diameter of the eye but slightly greater than its distance from
the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ;
internasals hardly as large as the nasals; prefrontals as long as
broad or a little longer; frontal as long as broad, as long
as the prefrontals, shorter than the parietals ; latter shields
short, not longer than the distance between the frontal and the
end of the snout; loreal longer than deep; preeocular as large as
or a little larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with
the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ;
temporals 14+2,; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering
the eye; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four
or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 190-210; anal
entire; subcaudals 37-52. Black or dark brown above and benzath,
uniform or with yellowish cross bars or a dorsal series of large sub-
quadrangular yellowish spots.
Total length 545 millim. ; tail 65,
Senegambia and Guinea,
A. With yellowish cross bands. (ZL. semicinctum, D. & B.)
a. 2 (V. 208; C. 38).
?
cas
ye COLUBRID.
B. With yellowish dorsal spots. (Var. albomaculata, Steind.)
b-c. 9 (V. 200; C. 38) Gambia. Sir A. Smith | P.].
& yg. (V. 202; C. 38).
C. Uniform black.
d. 9 (V. 208; C. 42). W. Africa. Mr. Fraser [C. ].
9. Lycophidium abyssinicum. (Pxiare XXII. fig. 1.)
Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth.
Rostral but little broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter-
nasals a little larger than the nasals; prafrontals as broad as long ;
frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the
rostral, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; pra-
ocular a little larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with
the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal;
temporals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering
the eye, seventh largest ; chin-shields very small, anterior in contact
with five labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 206; anal entire;
subcaudals 33. Purplish brown above and beneath, the shields and
scales edged with white.
Total length 200 millim. ; tail 20.
Abyssinia.
a. tor: (V. 206; C. 33). S. Abyssinia.
10. Lycophidium fasciatum. (Prare XXII. fig. 2.
Alopecion fasciatum, Giinth. Cat. p. 196 (1858).
Lycophidium irroratum, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (A) 1
1868, p. 426.
Diameter of the eye much greater than its distance from the
mouth. KRostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; inter-
nasals at least as large as the nasals, one half to two fifths the
length of the prefrontals, which are broader than long; frontal as
long as broad or broader than long, as long as or a little shorter
than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the
parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; preocular as large as or a little
smaller than the supraocular, forming a short suture with the frontal ;
seven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, sixth
largest ; anterior chin-shields longer and wider than the posterior,
and in contact with four or five lower. labials. Scales in 17 rows.
Ventrals 180-198 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 34-56. Brown above,
with black cross bars or alternating transverse spots; lower parts
dark brown, the shields edged with whitish.
Total length 350 millim. ; tail 60.
Guinea,
a. 2 (V. 185; C. 34). W. Africa. Mr. Rich [C.]. (Type.)
b. Her. d (V. 180; C. 42). Sierra Leone.
a
am
46. HoRMONOTUS. 343
Gr. Gy (Ve Loy, 1883"C: Oil River. H. H. Johnston, Esq. | P.}.
42, 43) & @ (V. 180;
C. 34),
f. & (V. 198; C. 56). Gaboon. H. Ansell, Esq. [P.].
11. Lycophidium elapoides. (Prare XXII. fig. 3.)
Lycophidium elapoides, Giinth. Proc. Zovl. Soc. 1874, p. 444.
Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals
hardly as large as the nasals ; praefrontals as long as broad; frontal
once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the
end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate,
entering the eye; preocular as large as the supraocular, broadly in
contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the
parietal; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and
fifth entering the eye, seventh largest ; chin-shields very small, the
anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 17 rows.
Ventrals 225; anal entire ; subcaudals 72. Yellowish above, with
black annuli, which are a little broader than the interspaces between
them, and interrupted on the belly; head dark brown, sides dotted
with yellowish ; belly yellowish, dotted with black.
Total length 410 millim. ; tail 90.
Cameroons.
a. & (V. 225; C. 72). Cameroons. (Type.)
46. HORMONOTUS.
Lamprophis, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 427 (1854).
Hormonotus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 56; Cope, Proc. Ac.
Philad. 1860, p. 262.
Heterolepis, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 98 (1863); Mocguard,
Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 8.
Maxillary ‘and dentary bones angularly bent inwards anteriorly ;
the five anterior maxillary teeth increasing in size, the fourth and
fifth very large, fang-like, followed after an interval by 15 small
equal teeth ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head
very distinct from neck, depressed ; eye large, with vertically elliptic
pupil. Body compressed ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows,
those of the middle row enlarged; ventrals with a lateral keel.
Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
West Africa,
1. Hormonotus modestus.
Lamprophis modestus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 429 (1854) ; A. Dum.
Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. 197. ,
Hormonotus audax, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, ». £6.
344 _ COLUBRID.
Hormonotus modestus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 53 ;
Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) viii, 1891, p. 345.
Heterolepis glaber, Jan, Elenco, p. 98 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 36,
pl. vi. fig. 4 (1870); FF. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885,
p- 686; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom, (7) xi. 1887, p. 13.
Boodon (Lamprophis) modestus, Pefers, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1875,
. 200.
—— (Alopecion) vossii, Fischer, Jahrb, Hamb, Wiss. Anst. y. 1888,
p. 0; pla. fet.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; in-
ternasals as long as broad, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal
twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance
from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal twice as
long as deep; one pre- and two or three postoculars: temporals
243: eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth and
fifth, entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with
the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior.
Scales in 15 rows, those of the middle row hexagonal and nearly as
broad as long. Ventrals 221-244; anal entire ; subcaudals 81-99.
Uniform pale brown or fulvous above, white beneath; some or all
of the upper labials with a dark brown spot.
Total length 730 millim. ; tail 150.
West Africa, from the Gold Coast to the Gaboon.
A. Two labials entering the eye; two postoculars.
a. Q (V. 282; C. 94). W. Africa. J. C. Salmon, Esq. [P.].
B. Three labials entering the eye ; three postoculars.
bee 23868) C297). Fernando Po. Dr. A. Giinther [P.].
e, & (V. 244; C. 97). Cameroons. Dr. J.G. Fischer. (Type
of Boodon vussii.)
Ga Pa(V. Zal 3 iGeS8o). W. Africa.
47. SIMOCEPHALUS.
Heterolepis (non Nees). Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847) ; Dum.
& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 419 (1854); Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H.
(3) xii. 1863, p. 359.
Simocephalus, Giiinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 194 (1858).
Simocephalus, part., Genth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863,
. 359.
Hs torcliigist part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 94 (1863); Mocquard,
Bull. Soc, Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 8.
Maxillary and dentary bone’ ‘angularly bent inwards anteriorly ;
the 8 or 9 anterior maxillary teeth increasing in size and followed
after an interval by 15 to 28 very small teeth; anterior mandi-
bular teeth increasing in size, the eighth or ninth largest. Head
very distinct from neck, much depressed ; eye moderate or small,
with vertically elliptic pupil ; nostril very large. Body cylindrical ;
scales keeled, without pits, in 15 or 17 rows, those of the middle
47. sIMOCEPHALUS, 345
rows enlarged and bicarinate; ventrals with a strong lateral keel.
Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical and South Africa.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Frontal but slightly shorter than the parietals; ventrals 203-
241; subcaudals 45-61 ...... 1. capensis, p. 345.
IL. Frontal much shorter than the parietals.
A. Two postoculars ; ventrals 240 or more.
Three labials entering the eye; sub-
Camedats .GO=7O: 2.80 oxi deh’ s 2. guirali, p. 346.
Two labials entering the eye; sub-
ob CV oS DAE en re are 3. poensis, p. 346.
B. One postocular ; ventrals 178-214; subcaudals 59-63.
Eye much larger than the nostril.... 4. nyass@, p. 347.
dye scarcely larger than the nostril.. 5. stenophthalmus, p. 347.
1. Simocephalus capensis.
Heterolepis capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lv. (1847) ;
Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 426 (1854); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876,
p- 119; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) 1. 1887, p. 22; Bouleng.
Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) viii. 1891, p. 344.
gueinzil, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 164, pl. —. fig. 2;
Mocquard, l. ¢.
savorgnani, Mocquard, l. c. p. 27, pl. x. fig. 4.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals
broader than long, two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal
a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or
the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal
square; a small preocular; two small postoculars ; temporals 1+2;
seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer
than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, with secondary keels
and tubercles, in 15 rows(17 on the neck). Ventrals 203-241 ; anal
entire; subcaudals 45-61. Dark olive-brown above, upper lip,
middle of vertebral scales, and ends of lower scales yellowish;
yellowish beneath.
Total length 930 millim.; tail 133.
South-east Africa and Ogowai.
a. 3 (Head and anterior ex- Delagoa Bay. 8. African Museum [P.),
tremity of body and tail;
C, 45).
346 COLUBRID.
2. Simocephalus guirali.
Heterolepis bicarinatus (non D. § B.), Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom.
(7) viil. 1884, p. 145.
guirali, Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 23, pl. il.
fig. 3.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter-
nasals broader than long, two thirds the length of the prefrontals ;
frontal as long as broad or slightly longer, as long as the pre-
frontals, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep;
one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper
labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer
than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled and striated, the stria-
tions directed obliquely towards the keels, in 15 rows (17 on the
neck). Ventrals 248-255; analentire; subcaudals 60-70. Black
above, the lateral scales tipped with yellow ; lower parts yellow; a
black spot at the outer end of each ventral; subcaudals brown in
front.
Total length 1260 millim.; tail 160.
Coast of Guinea.
a-b. 9 (V. 248; C.60)& Oil River District. H. H. Johnston, Esq.
ye. (V. 248; C. 70).
Lt +]:
3. Simocephalus poensis.
Heterolepis poensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847) ; Boettg.
Ber, Senck. Ges. 1889, p. 279; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6)
vili. 1891, p. 346.
bicarinatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 422 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén.
36, pl. vi. fig. 5 (1870); Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi.
1887, p.A9. pleat. hig 2:
Simocephalus poensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 194 (1858), and Ann. §& Mag.
N. H. (8) xii. 1868, p. 860; Locage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb, iv. 1873,
p. 218.
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above;
internasals broader than long, one half or three fifths the length of
the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its
distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; loreal
as long as deep or a little longer; one pr- and two postoculars ;
temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales strongly
keeled, secondary keels feebly marked or absent, in 15 rows (17 on
the neck). Ventrals 240-256; anal entire; subcaudals 75-124.
Blackish above and on the outer ends of the ventrals, yellow
inferiorly.
Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 220.
West Africa.
47. sIMOCEPHALUS. 347
@ 6 (V. 252; C:?). Fernando Po. Niger Expedition.
_(Type-)
ec D) (Vy 248) 261; Fernando Po. Sir A. Smith [P.].
C. 96, 93).
d. 2 (V. 256; C. 93). Cameroons. Liverpool Museum.
e. 9 (V. 242; C. 88). Cameroons. Dr. J. G. Fischer.
f. 2 (V. 258; C. 94). Eloby district.
ga ?D (V. 263% C. 85). Old Calabar. W. Logan, Esq.
feels
Rog (Waees. 30.7). Sierra Leone. H. C. Hart, Esq.
Reals
Yg. (V. 261; C. 124). W. Africa. J. C. Salmon, Esq.
Bea 3
k, l. Yg. (V. 253, 250; = W. Africa.
fs% 92, 104).
4. Simocephalus nyasse. (Prare XXIII. fig. 2.
Simocephalus nyasse, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888,
p. 328.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter-
nasals broader than long, half the length of the prefrontals ; frontal
a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral,
much shorter than the parietals; loreal ionger than deep; one
pre- and one postocular; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye, fifth sometimes touching the
parietals ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales strongly
keeled, with secondary keels and tubercles, in 15 rows (17 on
the neck). Ventrals 171-178; anal entire; subcaudals 62-63.
Blackish brown above, paler brown below, the chin and the lateral
ventral keel yellowish.
Total length 460 millim. ; tail 100.
Lake Nyassa; Zanzibar.
a. Her. (V. 178; C. 63). L. Nyassa. (Type.)
Pere AV. 17L 30.62). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
5. Simocephalus stenophthalmus.
Heterolepis stenophthalmus, Mocguard, Bull. Soe. Philom. (7) xi.
1887, p. 16, pl. 1. fig. 1.
Differs from H. poensis in the smaller eye, which is scarcely
larger than the nostril, the presence of a single postocular, the less
strongly keeled scales, and the number of ventrals (206-214) and
subcaudals (59). Uniform dark purplish brown above; belly
yellowish, with a purplish-brown spot on the outer end of each
-yentral ; subcaudals brown with whitish posterior edge,
Total length 590 millim.; tail 110.
Coast of Guinea.
348 COLUBRID.
48. LYCODON.
Lycodon, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 186
(1830) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (1887); Dum. §& Libr. Erp.
Gén, vii. p. 867 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 201 (1858) ; Jan,
Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 95 (1868); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 315
(1864).
Ophites, Wagl. l. c. p. 186; Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 897; Giinth. Ul. ce.
pp. 206, 322 ; Jan, l. c.
Cercaspis, Wagl. 1. c. p. 191; Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 889; Giinth. ll. ce.
op. 207, 323; Jan, l. c. p. 94.
Sphecodes, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc, xxiii, 1858, p. 461, and
Erp. Gén. vii. p. 894.
Leptorhytaon, Giinth. ll. cc. pp. 205, 321.
Tetragonosoma, Giinth. ll. cc. pp. 253, 320.
Tytleria, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc, Mus. p. 66 (1868).
Lycodon, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 291 (1890).
Fig. 23.
Maxillary and mandible of Lycodon aulicus.
Maxillary bent inwards anteriorly in the adult, the three to six
anterior teeth increasing in size, fang-like, and separated by a
toothless interspace from the rest, seven to fifteen in number,
which increase in size posteriorly; anterior mandibular teeth
longest, fang-like. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck,
more or less depressed; eye small or moderate, with vertically
elliptic pupil; nostril large or rather large. Body more or less
elongate, cylindrical or slightly compressed ; scales smooth cr keeled,
in 17 or 19 rows, with apical pits; ventrals with or without a
lateral keel. Tail moderate; subcaudals single or double.
Southern Asia.
Synopsis of the Spectes.
I. A preocular, separating the eye from the prefrontal.
A. Scales smooth.
1. Scales in 17 rows; subcaudals usually in two rows.
a. Ventrals not angulate ; anal divided.
a. Nostril between two nasals.
erupper: labile. 50027. wcwerec ope er ener 1. striatus, p. 349.
Jor 10 upper ilabials*. 2.5 sec see ee 2. jara, p. 300.
(. Nasal sitgle pean oe 3. tessellatus, p. 351.
48. Lycopon. 349
b. Ventrals laterally angulate.
a. Loreal present.
* TInternasal extensively in contact with the loreal.
Two loreals; anal entire .............. 4. anamallensis, p. 351.
One loreal; anal divided (rarely entire).. 5. aulicus, p. 352.
** Tnternasal not or but slightly in contact with the
loreal.
SPR UVAGMAD Dai is, 03 csi s.0m sv as ee ue ee 6. laoensis, p. 354.
BMWNA Ges Sie os oe aes a0 ela oe, a, 5 7. travancoricus, p. 855.
(3. No lorea!, preefrontal in contact with the labials.
Three labials entering the eye; ventrals
Peale RM rer a fe tian (S ghks ors Isgvinlid oe oe 8. effrensis, p. 356.
Two labials entering the eye; ventrals [p. 396.
PNM Sake Ge aks ordre cs x's oo eA Ee 9. atropurpureus,
2. Seales in 19 rows; subcaudals single.
10. stormi, p. 357.
B. Scales keeled.
1. Scales in 17 rows; subcaudals in two rows.
Seales strongly keeled; subcaudals 155-
LS 5 2s ERE OA PER RR oe oer ot 11. albofuscus, p. 357.
Scales feebly keeled; subcaudals 77-90.. 12. fasciatus, p. 358.
2. Seales in 19 rows.
Scales feebly keeled; subcaudals in two
POW AWM Le trait ne od yice She 13. gammiei, p. 358.
Scales strongly keeled; subcaudals single. 14. carinatus, p. 3538.
IL. No preocular ; prefrontal entering the eye ; scales in 17 rows ;
subcaudals in two rows ........ 15. subcinctus, p. 359.
1. Lycodon striatus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xvi. & xxvi. (1796).
Coluber striatus, Shaw, Zool. iii, p. 527 (1802).
malignus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 46 (1803).
galathea, Daud. t. e. p. 55.
Lycodon malignus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 551.
calathea, Boie, 1. e.
? Lycodon napel, Dum. § Buibr. vii. p. 884 (1854).
Lycodon aulicus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 202 (1858).
striatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 318 (1854); Stoliczka,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 200: Anders. Proce. Zool.
Soc. 1871, p. 187; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 90 ;
Murray, "Zool. Sind, p. 384 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 292 (1890), and Proc. Zool. Soc, 1891, p. 6382.
Snout much depressed, slightly projecting; eye rather small.
350 COLUBRID A.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter-
nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one
third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, as Jong as the parietals or a little shorter ;
loreal elongate, not entering the eye, forming a suture with the
internasal; two postoculars; temporals small, 1+2,2+2,or2+3;
eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four
or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are usually longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows.
Ventrals 153-178, not angulate ; anal divided; subcaudals 42-66
pairs, Dark brown or black above, with white transverse spots or
cross bands, which are widely separated anteriorly ; sides lineolated
with white, with a black spot corresponding to each white cross
band ; upper lip and lower parts uniform white.
Total length 480 millim. ; tail 75.
India; Transcaspia.
a. 3 (V.'177;; G. G6): Puli Hatun, Trans- M. C, Eylandt [C.}.
caspia.
b. 2 (V. 178; C. 44). Kurrachee. Kurrachee Museum
e200 (V. 162, 17225: Russelconda. Col. Beddome [C.}.
43, 47) & 2 (V. 166;
C. 47).
We 2 CY. lve; C51): Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq.
eae
g. 6 (V. 165; C. 48). Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.].
h-t, k-l, m, n. & (V. 167, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C. }.
160; C. 51, 43), 2 (V.
164 ; C. 45), her. (V. 177;
(44), & ye. (V.. 168,
160; C. 50, 45).
o-qg. do (V. 164; C. 50), S. India. Col. Beddome [C. }.
her. (V. 17330. 42); &
yg. (V. 160; C. 44).
rs. 3 (V.168, 153; C.62, India.
54).
2. Lycodon jara.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xiv. (1796).
Coluber jara, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 525 (1802).
bipunctatus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52.
Lycodon jara, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 110 (1837); Peters, Mon.
Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 236; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871,
p- 442; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 292 (1890).
Leptorhytaon jara, Giinth, Cat. p. 205 (1853), and Rept. Brit Ind.
p- 321 (1864).
Lycophidion bipunctatum, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 403.
Snout much depressed ; eye rather small. Rostral much broader
than deep, just visible from above ; intefnasals much shorter than
the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as
long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from
an
48, LYCODON, ool
the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal
elongate, not entering the eye, forming a suture with the inter-
nasal ; one preocular ; two postoculars; temporals small, 1+2 or
2+3,; nine or ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the
eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17
rows. Ventrals 167-183, not angulate laterally ; anal divided ; sub-
caudals 52-63 pairs. Brown above, each scale with two white dots,
or short longitudinal lines ; labials white ; usually a white collar ;
lower surfaces uniform white.
Total length 350 millim. ; tail 60.
N.E. and 8. India and Burma.
Gt Ve LEU AC, P.). Calcutta, W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[P.}.
b. & (V.167; C. 68). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [0.],
ce. Hgr. (V 172; C. 56). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C. }.
d-e. 2 (V. 183; C.?) & hgr. India. Gen, Hardwicke [P.}.
(V. 175; C. 52). ;
f-g. 3 (V. 169; C. 61) &hgr. India.
(V. 180; C. 58).
3. Lycodon tessellatus.
Lycodon tessellatum, Jun, Elenco, p. 96 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 36,
pl. iv. fig. 2 (1870).
Snout moderately depressed ; eye rather small. Rostral broader
than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than
the prefrontals; frontal nearly as long as its distance from the end
of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate,
not entering the eye, forming a suture with the internasal; one
pre- and two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3; nine
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer
than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Anal divided.
Subcaudals in two rows. Above with three series of alternating
black spots ; ventrals and subcaudals brown, edged with whitish.
Manilla, Philippines.
4, Lycodon anamallensis. (Prarn XXIV. fig. 1.)
Lycodon anamallensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 318 (1864) ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 295 (1890).
Snout depressed, subspatulate in the adult; eye rather large
in the half-grown, rather small in the adult. Rostral much broader
than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the
preetrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long
as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly
shorter than the parietals; two loreals, the anterior forming a
suture with the internssal; one preocular, in contact with the
352 COLUBRID.
frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3; nine
upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four or five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals
189-202, obtusely angulate laterally ; anal undivided ; subcaudals
64-74 pairs. Brown above, with narrow white, black-edged cross
bands ; labials white, each with a brown spot ; lower parts uniform
white.
Total length 510 millim.; tail 95.
S. India.
moter (V.:202 3) A742): Anamalliys. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type.)
b. 2 (V. 189; C. 64). Wynad. Col. Beddome [C. }.
5. Lycodon aulicus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pls. xxxvii. & xxxix. (1801).
Coluber aulicus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. i. p. 29, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1754),
and S. N. i. p. 881 (1766).
Lycodon aulicus, Bote, Ists, 1827, p.551; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 316 (1864), and Zool. Rec. 1870, p. 75; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36,
pl. iv. fig. 1 (1870) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 199 (1876) ;
Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 383 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 294 (1890).
capucinus, Bove, 1. ¢.
unicolor, Bove, U. e.
hebe, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 106, pl. iv. figs. 1-6 (1837).
aulicus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 68 (1847); Dum. §
Bibr. vii. p. 369 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 201 (1858).
Tytleria hypsirhinoides, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Suc. Mus. p. 66
(1868).
Snout much depressed, with swollen lips, spatulate in the adult ;
eye rather small. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible
from above; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals; frontal
once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, usually
shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than
the parietals ; loreal elongate, not entering the eye, extensively in
contact with the internasal; one preocular, usually in contact with
the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals small, 2+3
or 34+3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fitth entering the
eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in
17 rows. Ventrals 178-224, obtusely angulate laterally ; nasal
divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 56-80 pairs. Brown above,
uniform or with whitish markings; upper lip white, uniform or
spotted with brown; lower parts uniform white.
Total length 510 millim. ; tail 110.
India and Ceylon, Himalayas, Burma, Siam, Cochinchina, Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Philippines, Celebes, Flores, Timor.
Introduced in the Mascarene Islands,
48. Lycopon.
303
A. Labials without spots; a triangular whitish blotch on each side
of the occiput, the two sometimes confluent and forming a
collar; back with whitish cross bands bifurcating on the
sides.
(C. aulicus, L.)
a-b. 9 (V. 185; C.64) & Near Candy.
yg. (V- 179; C. 68).
c. Her. (V. 203; C. 57).
d. Yg. (V. 195; C. 65).
e, f. 2 (V.192, 197 ; C.57,
58)
g. Her. (V. 204; C. 63).
h-t. Her. (V. 199; ©. 71)
& yg. (V. 193; C. 68).
k. Ad., skel.
Ceylon.
Ceylon.
Ceylon.
Plains of 8. India.
Matheran.
Ceylon.
Capt. Gascoigne [P. }.
Gen. Hardwicke [ P. }.
W. Ferguson, Esq.
Pa
Col. Beddome [C. }.
Dr. Leith [P.].
B. Labials without spots ; a whitish collar and a few (2-5) whitish
cross bands on the anterior part of the body.
l. Q (V.199; C. 60).
m. Her. (V. 182; C. 60).
n-o. Her (V. 190, 190;
C. 65, 67).
Ceylon.
Ceylon.
Ceylon.
A. Paul, Esq. [P.].
Sir E. Tennant [P.].
©. Labials without spots ; no collar; no dorsal spots or bands.
p. 2 (V. 200; C. 67).
q:
@ (V. 201; C. 62).
Ceylon.
Ceylon.
r-s. 6 (V.180; C. 62) & Ceylon.
her. (V. 194; C. 66).
Dr. Kelaart.
Sir E. Tennant [P.].
D. Some or all of the labials with a brown spot; a whitish collar
or a triangular whitish blotch on each side of the occiput ;
back with whitish cross bands bifurcating on the sides, or
‘with a dorsal series of quadrangular blotches, or with white
lines disposed irregularly or forming a wide-meshed network.
(L. capucinus, Boie.)
t, u. Yg. (V. 208, 204; C.
65, 59).
v. Yg. (V. 202; C. 66).
w. Her. (V. 203; C. 70).
U2.
(V. 208; C. 69), & yg.
(V. 199; C. 67).
do (V. 202; C. 66),9°
a. Yg.(V.178; C. 70).
p-y. Her. (V. 201, 210; C.
70, 66).
de. ¢ (V.198; 0.67) &
2 (V. 208; C. 65).
¢. Yg. (V. 184; C. 71).
7-6, «. & (V. 202, 207; C.
80, 78) & hgr. (V. 214;
C. 72).
x. dt (V. 206; C.71).
VOL, I.
Madras.
Anamallays.
Kimedy Hills.
tusselconda.
Godavery Valley,
Madras Pres.
Bombay.
Deccan.
Calcutta.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Sir W. Elliot [P.}.
Col. Beddome [C.}.
Col. Beddome | C.
Col. Beddome | C,
.
W.T. Blanford, Esq.
(far
Dr. Leith [P.}.
Col. Sykes [P.].
Sir J. Fayrer [P.].
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
[Ee
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Eh
2A
5jo4
A. 9 (V. 200; C. 73).
p. Her. (V.184; C. 62).
v-& 3 (V. 183, 184; C.
ee 69).
3,(V. 188; C. 68).
oye. (V. 187,195; C.
COLUBRID,
Kangra, Himalayas.
Sandoway, Aracan
Coast.
Toungoo,
Tenasserim Coast.
Siam.
Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit | C.].
Major Bingham [P.}.
HWS
at
Dr. Packman [P.].
Oates, Hsq.
U1. HL. Newman, Isq.
67, 66). [P.}.
o. 2 (VY. 201;.C. am Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.].
a 2 (V. 207; C. 2) Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
v, om (V. 205; C.66) & Java. J. Bowring, Esq.
y( Vi IGS ICA): (Pa.
x: oS (Vidic C aay Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [P.].
yr, o, ia 3 (V. 192; C.56), Philippines. ele Cuming, Lisq.
9’ (V.199; C.77), &yg. [6]
AMG Oa: G. 74).
boy, OF (Vi. 209 ; C. 70). Luzon. Pry B. Meyer
cc-dd. 9 (V.198; C.63) Butuan, Mindanao. <A. Lverett, Esq.
& yg. (V. 183; C. 68). Lea
g Fai 224; C. 76). Port Louis, Mauritius. L. Bouton, Esq. [P.].
Wf, I9-, Gat: 199, 198; C. Bourbon. L. Bouton, Esq. | P.}.
hh. Sk ull.
. Each upper labial with a brown spot ;
or lines. (ZL. unicolor, Boie.)
ua. Yg. (V. 205; C. 67). Madras.
Java.
no collar; no light spots
J. E. Boileau, Esq.
eat
6. Lycodon laoensis. (Puiare XXIV. fig. 2.)
Lycodon laoensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 317 (1864).
Snout much depressed but not spatulate; eye rather small.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; inter-
nasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third
to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from
the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate,
separated from or but just touching the internasals ; one praocular, in
contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals small, 2+5 ;
nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye;
four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows.
Ventrals 179-185, obtusely angulate laterally; anal divided ;
subeaudals 68-73 pairs. Dark brown above, with a whitish cross
band on the occiput and others on the back which bifurcate on
the sides; lower parts white.
Total length 470 millim. ;
Siam.
tail 100.
4,6. 3 (V.179; C. 68) & Lao Mountains.
Q@ (V. 185; C. 68).
e. 9 (V. 183; C. 73),
M. Mouhot | C.). |
» (Types.)
Siam, \
48. LYCODON. © 355
. Lycodon travancoricus. (Prare XXIV. fig. 3.)
dees travancoricus, Beddome, Madras Monthly Journ. Med. Se.
1870.
Lycodon travancoricus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 293 (1890).
Snout much depressed, with swollen lips, subspatulate; eye
rather small. Rostral much broader than long, hardly visible froin
above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal
once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as
its distance from the end of the snout or a little longer, a little
shorter than the parietals ; loreal elongate, rarely entering the eye,
not touching the internasal; one preocular, usually in contact
with the Feoaiel - two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like,
2+3o0r3+3; ne upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the
eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows.
Ventrals 175-202, obtusely angulate laterally; anal undivided ;
subcaudals usually in two rows, sometimes single*, 56-76.
Coloration very similar to that of JZ. striatus, viz., dark brown or
black above, with white cross bands and white lineolations on the
sides, and uniform white below; but the upper lip is brown, or
white spotted with brown.
Total length 600 millim.; tail 125.
Southern India, as far north as the Bombay Ghats,
Bee CV, 17875 C.66); Travancore Hills, Col. Beddome [C.}.
5000 ft. (Type.)
b-c. 9 (V. 184; C.68) & Travancore. Col. Beddome [C.].
her. (V. 181; _C. 69).
ad. 2 (V. 181; C. 56). Trevandrum, Travan- H.S a }. Ferguson, Esq.
core.
e-t. ¢ (V. 194; C.75) & Anamallays, 4700 ft. Ph Beddome [C.].
hger.-(V. 190, 199, 189,
190; G70; 71, 69, 68).
k, l-m. 9 (V. 185 ; C. 64) Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}.
& her. (V. 190, 200 ; C.
72, 71).
n-p. 2 (V.201; C.69) & Coonoor, Nilgherries, Col. Beddome [C.].
her. (V. 190, 196 ; C. 76, 5900 ft.
67
gees (V. 202, 189; C. Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.].
“68, 69).
s—t. Hor, (V. 186; C.72) Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
éeye. (V. 1753) C..74),
* Out of 19 specimens examined, 14 bare all the eps r paired ; three
(4,d, gq) have them in part single (50 7A; 4 _ 13 44 a) ; and two (a, c)
have them all single. Col. Meddons. mentions another specimen with
38 le
356 OLUBRID A.
8. Lycodon effrenis.
Lycodon effreenis, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 70, pl. xl. fig 2 (1847).
Tetragonosoma effrene, Griinth. Cat. p. 253 (1858), and Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 320, pl. xxiv. fig. K (1864) ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xxxix. 1870, p. 203, pl. xi. fig. 3; Stemmdachn. Sitzb, Ak. Wren, c.
1891, p. 289, pl. 11. fig. 2.
Lycodon ophiteoides, Bleek. Nat. Tuydschr. Nederl. Ind. xvi. 1859,
. 436,
L adspersus, Jan, Elenco, p. 97 (1863).
Snout much depressed, subspatulate; eye moderate. Rostral
twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as
long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two
thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its
distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no
loreal, prefrontal in contact with the second and third labials; a
preocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars ;
temporals 24+3 or 34+3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth
entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Body slender.
Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 215-228, angulate laterally ;
anal entire; subcaudals 75-98 pairs. Brown above and below,
with a few distant yellowish-white rings, some or all of which may
become obsolete in the adult; young with a yellowish streak on
each side of the top of the head.
Total length 700 millim.; tail 170.
Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra.
Gils: (V2 2285 C. 83). Great Hill of Pinang. Dr. Cantor. (Type.)
b. g (V. 215; C. 98). Sinkawang, Borneo. Dr. Bleeker. (Type
of L. ophiteoides.)
c. Yg. (V. 217; C.98). Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch [C. ].
9. Lycodon atropurpureus.
Lycodon atropurpureus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p.50; Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 294 (1890), and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii.
1891, p. 462.
subfuscus, Cantor, l. c.
Tetragonosoma atropurpureum, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 321
(1864).
Snout much depressed, with swollen lips, subspatulate; eye
moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from
above; internasals as long as broad, half as long as the preefrontals ;
frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; no loreal,
prefrontal in contact with the second and third labials; one pre-
ocular, not in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals
small, scale-like, 3-+-4; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are longer than the posterior, Scales smooth, in 17 rows.
48. Lycopon. oor
Ventrals 235-257, strongly angulate laterally; anal entire ; sub-
caudals 78-91 pairs. Brown or purple above, uniform or with
white and black marblings; belly whitish, or pale brown with
yellowish dots and square blotches.
Total length 940 millim. ; tail 170.
Bengal, Assam (?), Mergui.
10. Lycodon stormi.
Lycodon stormi, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1892, p. 418.
Head strongly depressed ; eye small. Rostral not much broader
than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than
the prafrontals ; the latter longer than broad; frontal as long as
the internasals and prefrontals together, much shorter than the
parietals; loreal large, nearly as deep as long, not entering the
eye; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ;
temporals 143; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 19 rows.
Ventrals 217, angulate laterally; anal entire; subcaudals 75, all
single. Slate-colour, with whitish annuli, which are most marked
on the lower surface.
Total length 597 millim.; tail 109.
Celebes.
11. Lycodon albofuscus.
Sphecodes albofuscus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 894 (1854).
Ophites albofuscus, Giinth. Cat. p. 207 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 823 (1864); Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvi. 1885, p. 389;
Mocquard, N, Arch. Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 144.
Snout moderately depressed, not spatulate; eye moderate. Ros-
tral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as
long as the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as the
prefrontals or a little longer, much shorter than the parietals ;
loreal a little longer than deep, not entering the eye; one pre-
and two postoculars ; temporals 242; eight upper labials, third,
fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the
posterior. Body very slender. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly
keeled. Ventrals 248-256, strongly angulate laterally; anal
divided ; subcaudals 155-208 pairs. Blackish brown above, young
with yellow cross bands; yellowish beneath,
Total length 1770 millim. ; tail 590.
Sumatra, Nias, Borneo.
a. 3 (V. 238; C. 155). Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.].
b. Yg. (V. 248; C. 204). ? Purchased of M. Parzudaki.
358 COLUBRID.
12. Lycodon fasciatus.
Ophites fasciatus, Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 827, pl. Ixxvill.
fig. 1 (1879).
Lycodon fasciatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 295 (1890) ; W. L.
Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \x. 1891, p. 234.
Snout depressed, not spatulate; eye rather small. Rostral
nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals
half as long as the prefrontals; frontal slightly longer than broad ;
loreal long and tapering to a point posteriorly, entering the eye,
widely separated from the internasal; one priocular; two post-
oculars; temporals 2+2 or 243; eight upper labials, third, fourth,
and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than
the posterior. 17 rows of feebly keeled scales, the keels becoming
more pronounced posteriorly. Ventrals 205-213, obtusely angulate ;
anal entire; subcaudals 77-90 pairs. Body encircled by broad pur-
plish-black bands separated by yellowish or reddish intervals ; the
first black band does not encircle the neck.
Total length 530 millim.; tail 110.
Western Yunnan, Burma, Assam.
a aN. 2055-62 72): Shillong, Assam. Gen. H. Collett [P.].
b. Q (V. 207; C. 84). Toungyi, Shan States, Lieut. Blakeway
5000 ft. neal:
13. Lycodon gammiei.
Ophites gammiei, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvii. 1878, p. 150.
Lycodon gammiei, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 296 (1890).
Head flat; eye small. Body slender, compressed. ostral about
as broad as deep; internasals much smaller than the prefrontals :
frontal very little longer than broad, with convex sides; loreal
small, elongate; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals
irregular; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the
eye; two elongate chin-shields of about equal length, the anterior in
contact with five lower labials. Scales in 19 rows, the nine dorsal
rows keeled, five rows at each side smooth. Ventrals 214, bluntly
angulate at the sides; anal entire; subcaudals 101 pairs. Body
surrounded by alternating dusky and light rings with very
irregular crooked margins; head above dusky olivaceous with pale
spots in the middle of most of the shields; an imperfect pale
collar behind the head ; lower surface of head and neck whitish.
Total length 800 millim. ; tail 180.
South-eastern Sikkim.
14. Lycodon carinatus.
Hurria carinata, Kuhl, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. p. 95 (1820).
Lycodon carinatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 109, pl. iv. figs. 6 & 7
(1837); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 297 (1890).
48, LYCODON. 359
Cercaspis carinatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 390 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat.
p- 207 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 324 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén.
36, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1870).
Snout much depressed, broad but not spatulate; eye rather
small. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above ; inter-
nasals much shorter than the priefrontals; frontal slightly longer
than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, not entering the eye,
widely separated from the internasal; one pre- and two post-
oculars ; temporals 2+ 3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth
entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 19
rows, strongly keeled. Ventrals 188-198, angulate laterally ;
anal entire ; subcaudals 52-64, in a single row. Black, encircled
by white rings which are prosder on the belly than on the back ;
these annuli are broader in the young, the back of the head of
which is white.
Total length 490 millim.; tail 85.
Ceylon.
a. 2 (V.194; C. 55). Ceylon. B. H. Barnes, Esq. [P.],
b, c, d,e, f-h. 2 (V. 192, Ceylon.
194; CL 54, 55) & ye.
(V. 198, ak Be es
190; C. 52 , 6d,
56).
15. Lycodon subcinctus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xli. (1801).
Lycodon subcinctus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 551; Schleg. Phys. Serp.
Hy Pus, pledvs ‘figs, 14 & 15 (1837) ; Bouleng. Proce. Zool. Soc,
1890, Pp: 34.
platurinus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. Pp. 69 (1847).
Ophites subcinctus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 898 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p- 206 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 822 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
36, pl. v. fi 4 (1870); Blanf. Proe. Zool Soc. 1881, p. 222,
L xxi. fig. 2.
Elapoides annulatus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884,
p. 144.
Snout much depressed, broad but not spatulate; eye rather small.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; inter-
nasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal slightly longer
than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout,
much shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, usually entering
the eye, widely separated from the internasal; no preocular; two
or three postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third,
fourth, and fifth (sometimes also the sixth) entering the eye; four
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
usually longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, dorsals feebly
or faintly keeled. Ventrals 198-227, angulate laterally; anal
divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 61-89 pairs. Dark brown or
360 COLUBRID®.
black above, brown or yellowish brown below, with a white
occipital blotch and widely-separated. rings on the body and tail;
these markings become less distinct or entirely disappear in the
adult.
Total length 1000 millim. ; tail 180.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Philippines.
a. 9 (V. 220; C. 71). Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
br 6 (YY. 2205: C79): Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P. }.
COs Vinee IG. a): Singapore, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
d. Yg. (V. 220; C.78). Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch | C.].
PaO s(Vin 219% Caro). Pajo, Sumatra, Hr. C. Bock [C.}.
f,g-h. & (V. 215; C. Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.]
80) & yg. (V. 209,
214; C. 81, 83).
tic (V2 lGE Che). Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.].
k. Yg. (V. 209; C.67). Salak, Java. R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. [P.].
l. Ye. (V. 198; C.61). Mindanao. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
HURRIAH SANGUIVENTER, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52, is
probably a Lycodon.
*‘Claret-purple above, with metallic lustre ; blood-coloured be-
neath. Ventrals 207; subcaudals 99, the 14 anterior of which
are entire.” (See Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 222, fig.)
Valley of Nepal.
49. DINODON.
Dinodon, Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Sc. xxiii. 1853, p. 463, and Erp
Gén. vii. p. 447 (1854) ; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881,
p. 90.
Lycodon, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 201 (1858), and Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 315 (1864) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 97 (1863).
Eumesodon, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 262.
Lepidocephalus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 498.
? Proterodon, Hallow. J. ¢.
Maxillary teeth 642 or3+42 or 3, the anterior gradually in-
creasing in size, the middle ones small, the last large, the three
groups separated by distinct interspaces; anterior mandibular teeth
enlarged. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather smail,
with vertically elliptic pupil. Body more or less elongate; scales
Fig. 24.
G
4
NAA tt sett tht
ee LECCOLTE, a ss
SS
Maxillary and mandible of Dinodon rufozonatus.
smooth or feebly keeled, with apical pits, in 17 (or 21) rows:
ventrals angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two
rows.
China and Japan ; Himalayas (?).
49. DINODON. 361
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Scales smooth, in 17 rows ; anal entire.
1. rufozonatus, p. 361.
II. Scales feebly keeled, in 17 rows.
A. Anal entire ; a preocular.
Portion of rostral visible from above
half as long as its distance from the
ASOT LS | 2605 Shee loees A aaa an reas cd 2. semicarinatus, p. 362.
Rostral just visible from above........ 3. septentrionalis, p. 363.
B. Anal divided ; no preeocular, loreal entering the eye.
4, japonicus, p. 363.
III. Scales feebly keeled, in 21 rows; anal divided.
5. tessellatus, p. 364.
1. Dinodon rufozonatus.
Lycodon rufozonatus, Cantor, Zool. Chusan, pl. xi. (1840), and Ann.
§& Mag. N. H. ix. 1842, p. 483; Giinth. Cat. p. 204 (1858), and
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 319 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. iv. fig. 3
(1870).
Dinodon cancellatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 447 (1854).
Coronella stfiata, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 152.
Eumesodon striatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 263.
Dinodon rufozonatus, Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 89.
rufozonatus, var. formosana, Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat.
24-25, 1885, p. 124.
Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals
much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a
little longer, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than
the parietals; loreal elongate, sometimes entering the eye; one
preocular ; two postoculars (rarely one); temporals 2+3; eight
(rarely seven) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely second,
third, and fourth, or only fourth and fifth) entering the eye; five
(rarely four) lower labials in contact with-the anterior chin-shields,
which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales smooth,
in 17 rows. Ventrals 185-204; anal entire; subcaudals 57-83.
Yellowish, reddish, or pale brown above, with dark brown cross bars
wider than their interspaces, and an alternating lateral series of
dark brown spots ; upper head-shields dark brown, with yellowish
borders ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish ; lower surface of tail
spotted with brown.
Total length 1020 millim.; tail 190.
China and Corea.
a. 3 (V. 202; C. 73). Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. | P.].
b-c. ¢ (V. 189; C. Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. hey
76) & yg. (V. 199;
C. 83).
362 COLUBRID.
d-k. 9 (V. 199, 198 ; Formosa. Taiwanfoo Museum
Cr7i, (5),ner. (Vv.
204; C. 75), & yg.
(V. 193, 199, 192,
190; C. 73,81, 76, 79).
iter. (V. 193;_C. Chusan. Dr. Cantor. (Type.)
72).
m,n-p. 3d (V.190; C. Shanghai. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].
65) & yg. (V. 198;
201, 185; C. 57, 68,
69).
q. Her..(V. 2085" C- Kiukiang Mountains. C. Maries, Esq. [C. 1.
me (V2085 (C72): Mountains north of A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.].
Kiukiane.
S GiCV. 204.5 C72): Kia-tiang-fu, Prov. A. E, Pratt, Esq. [C.].
Sze Chuen, 1070 ft.
t-v. 9 (V. 194, 193, Western Hills of S. W. Bushell, Esq.
204; C. 65, 65, 62). Peking. [cea
w, x. 3 (V. 204, 202 ; Tsu Shima. Mr. Holst [C.].
C. 68, 68).
y. 3, skel. China. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.1.
2. Dinodon semicarinatus.
Kumesodon semicarinatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 263, and
1861, p. 75.
Lepidocephalus fasciatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 498.
Dinodon semicarinatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) x. 1892,
p. 302.
tostral nearly as deep as broad, the portion visible from above
half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much
shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fifth to once and
one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of
the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep,
not entering the eye; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals
2+3); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fitth entering the eye;
five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are as long as the posterior. Scales keeled along their anterior
half, in 17 rows. Ventrals 211-234; anal entire; subcaudals
65-101, Above with broad black cross bands separated by narrow
yellowish-brown interspaces ; head black above; labials yellowish,
with black sutures ; lower parts yellowish, tail spotted with black.
Total length 1100 millim. ; tail 230.
Loo Choo Islands.
a 6 (VO 284516 9m): Oho Sima, Lieut. A. Carpenter [P. ].
H.M.S. ‘ Magpie.’
b-e. 3 (V. 2285) (C. Great Loo Choo Mr. Holst [C.].
101) & yg. (V. 211; Island,
C. 98).
49. pINODON. 363
3. Dinodon septentrionalis.
Ophites septentrionalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 233.
ane ea Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver, Hamb, 1x. 1886, p. 16,
. li. fig. 6.
ieeddon septentrionalis, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 295 (1890).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals
much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as broad as long or
slightly longer, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the pariectals ; loreal longer than deep, not touching
the’ eye, but wedged in between the third labial and the preocular ;
one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper
labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly
as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, those
of the 7 or 9 median rows feebly keeled. Ventrals 211-224; anal
entire ; subcaudals 83-104.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 200.
Soutbern China, Himalayas (?).
A. Black above and on the sides, with narrow whitish transverse
bands, forming complete annuli on the tail, the lower surface
of which is dark brown; belly whitish, with a few scattered
small brown spots posteriorly. (0. septentrionalis, Gthr.)
a. 2 (V. 214; C. 83). Himalayas or Khasi T.C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
Hills (?). (Type.)
B, Above with large dark brown spots or cross bands separated by
pale greyish-brown interspaces ; on the anterior part of the
body the dark bands are much wider than the light ones,
whilst it is the reverse on the hind part; a lateral series of
dark brown spots, partly on the ventrals, alternating with the
dorsal bands; belly yellowish, spotted or dotted with brown
posteriorly. (O. ruhstrati, Fisch.)
b-c. 9 (V. 216, 224; Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].
C. 104, 97).
d, Her. (V. 211; C. Mountains north of <A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.].
88). Kiukiang.
4. Dinodon japonicus.
Ophites japonicus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) vi. 1880, p. 462;
F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 271.
orientalis, Hilgend. Sitz>. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1880, p. 115,
pl. —. figs. 1-5.
? Kumesodon carinatus, F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885,
p- 685.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter-
nasals about half as long as the priefrontals; frontal a little longer
than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
364 COLUBRID.
than the parietals ; loreal elongate, entering the eye; no preocular ;
two postoculars; temporals 2+3,; eight upper labials, third, fourth,
and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, or a little
longer. Scales with a very faint keel along their anterior half,
in 17 rows. Ventrals 200-208 ; anal divided; subcaudals 68-74.
Pale greyish brown above, with black cross bands, the outer portion
of which is narrowly detached on the side; upper surface of head
blackish ; lower parts yellowish, dotted with black, and with a
lateral series of black spots alternating with the dorsal bands.
Total length 660 millim.; tail 120.
Japan.
a-b. 9 (V. 202, 205; Nikko, Central C. Maries, Esq. [C.].
C. 68, 70). Japan. (Types. )
5. Dinodon ? tessellatus.
Proterodon tessellatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 499.
Loreal quite small; a preocular; two postoculars ; temporals
2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales
with a slight keel extending halfway along the middle, in 21 rows.
Ventrals 211; anal divided; subcaudals 73. Olive above; belly
orange, tessellated with black.
Total length 900 millim.
Japan.
50. STEGONOTUS.
Lycodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (18387); Dum. § Bibr.
Erp. Gén. vii. p. 867 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 97 (1863).
Stegonotus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac, Sc, xxiii. 1853, p. 477, and Erp.
Gén. vii. p. 680.
Herpetodryas, part., Jan, 1. e. p. 80.
Lielaphis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 59, and 1877, p. 129.
Zamenophis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 21.
Pseudolycodon, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 534.
? Herbertophis, Macleay, Proc. Iinn. Soc. N. S. W. viii. 1884,
p. 434.
Maxillary teeth 15 to 20, increasing in size towards the middle
of the series, then decreasing in size to the two or three last, which
Fig. 25.
Maxillary and mandible of Stegonotus modestus.
are again large; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Head more
or less distinct from neck; eye moderate or rather small, with
4
50. STEGONOTUS. 365
vertically elliptic pupil. Body elongate, cylindrical or feebly com-
pressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals
obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in
double or single row.
Philippines ; Moluccas; Papuasia ; Queensland.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Not more than 100 subcaudals.
A. Two labials entering the eye.
1. Ventrals 175-212.
a. Subcaudals in two rows.
Rostral a little broader than deep, the
portion visible from above measuring
one third to one half its distance from
the frontal ; fourth and fifth labials
GHiArIMe THEICYVE, o/s swe « «uss cle ieee 1. cucullatus, p. 365.
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion
visible from above measuring about one
fourth its distance from the frontal ;
usually third and fourth labials entering
HREM eos <n 6c eleie v's os SR Dea 2. modestus, p. 366.
bs Subeandals. single: ......<..%'.. 3. heterurus, p. 367.
Seeventrals: 220-232)... 2.2.0 deans 4. muelleri, p. 367.
B. Three labials entering the eye ; ventrals 210-236.
Wresnmaoculaty ose. c ss tans omises © om 5. batjanensis, p. 368.
Pay gp RSeCTIEE A, 5.5 3 doo, cic « clave eet tieye Ae 6. plumbeus, p. 368.
II. 112-123 subcaudals; rostral slightly
broader than’ déep! 5.'55.3.3'. sae 0s ee es 7. dumerilii, p. 368.
1. Stegonotus cucullatus.
Lycodon modestus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 119 (1887).
cucullatum, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 876 (1854).
Zamenophis australis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 21,
and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 180.
Lycodon magnus, A. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 136.
keyensis, Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 551, pl. xii.
fig. h.
? Lycodon darnleyensis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877,
. 38.
Lielaphis cucullatus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, viii. 1878,
p- 896.
keyensis, Peters § Doria, l. c. p. 398.
Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above
measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ;
internasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal
as long as broad or a little longer, nearly as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal
366 COLUBRID &.
longer than deep; two pree- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2
or 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four
or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17
rows. Ventrals 196-207;.anal entire; subcaudals 73-90 pairs.
Brown above, yellowish beneath ; usually a brown spot at the outer
end of each ventral.
Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 180.
Papuasia and Cape York.
a-b, Her. (V. 202,204; Ely River, New tev. S. Macfarlane [C.].
o 75, 78). Guinea.
J (V. 196; C.?) Murray Island, Rev. 8. Macfarlane [C. ].
“& her. (V. 198, LD ies Torres Straits.
C. 5 fo):
his Her. (V. 204; C. 79). Cape York. (Type of Zamenophis
australis.)
2. Stegonotus modestus.
Lycodon modestus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. 11. p. 119, pl. iv. figs.
16 & 17 (1837).
modestum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 879 (1854).
lividum, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 881; Jan, Icon. Gén, 36, pl. iv.
fie. 4 (1870).
Coronella rosenbergii, Bleck. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxii, 1860,
oe:
Anes ereinerl, Bleek. l. ¢. p. 43.
Coluber holochrous, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 59, fig.
Brachyrhyton modestum, Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. ii. fig. 1 ee
Lycodon parvus, A, B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1874, p. 137
aruensis, Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, V1. 1874, p- 352, pl. xa,
Hients Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1879, p. 61.
Pseudolycodon lividus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 535.
Lielaphis modestus, part., Giinth, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1877, p. 129.
modestus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vii. 1878,
p. 897.
lividus, Peters § Doria, 1. e. p. 396,
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above
measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal; inter-
nasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals; frontal as
long as broad or a little longer, as long as or a little shorter than
its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the
parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; two (rarely one) pri- and two
postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 2+42; seven or eight (rarely nine)
upper labials, third and fourth (rarely fourth and fifth) entering
the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the
posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175-212; “anal entire ;
subcaudals 68-100 pairs. Upper parts brown, upper lip and low er
parts yellowish; a brown spot may be present at the outer end of
each ventral.
Total length 1120 millim.; tail 260.
Moluccas and Papuasia.
50, STEGONOTUS. 367
a. ter. (CV. 197; C.F). Ceram, Dr. Bleeker.
(Type of C. rosenbergit.)
bf (V. 212; C. 92). N. Ceram. Dr. Bleeker.
(Type of LZ. holochrous.)
c. Her. (V. 208; C. 86). Amboyna. Dr. Bleeker.
(Type of A. greineri.)
d. 2 (V. 195; C. 83). Mysol.
e: 9 (V..192; °C. 74). New Guinea. Rev. 8. Macfarlane [C.].
J. Hgr. (V. 175; C. 92). Mansinam, New
Guinea,
g-h, i-k. g (V. 189, 184; Murray Id, Rey. 8. Macfarlane [C.].
C. 70; 63), 2 (V. 186, Torres Straits.
C. 68), & yg. (V. 181;
Chin).
Bevery. Lor. 86), Duke of York Id. Rey. G. Brown [C.}.
3. Stegonotus heterurus. (Prare XXYV. fig. 1.)
Lielaphis modestus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1877, p. 129.
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above
measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal; inter-
nasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal as
long as broad or slightly longer, as long as its distance from the
rostral, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ;
two preoculars; one or two postoculars, the lower being often
(specs. a, ¢) fused with the fourth labial; temporals 2+2; seven
upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as
long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows.
Ventrals 178-188 ; anal entire; subcaudals 75-82, single (or a
few divided), Blackish brown above; ventrals, subcaudals, and
outer row of scales brown, with yellowish posterior border.
Total length 540 millim. ; tail 135.
Duke of York Island and New Britain.
a, b. Hgr. (V. 182, 178; Duke of YorkId. Rev. G. Brown [C. }.
C75; 81).
G figs’ (V. 188 ; C. 82). New Britain. Museum Godefroy,
4. Stegonotus muelleri *.
Stegonotus miilleri, Dm. § Bibr. vii. p. 682 (1854),
Spilotes samarensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 685.
Herpetodryas miilleri, Jan, Elenco, p. 8L (1863).
Frontal} as long as or a little longer than broad; loreal longer
than deep ; two pra- and two postoculars; temporals 2+3; nine
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 17 rows.
Ventrals 220-232; anal entire; subcaudals 100 pairs. Uniform
brown above; lips and lower parts dirty yellowish white.
Total length 2070 millim.; tail 390.
Samar Island, Philippines.
* I am indebted to Dr. Mocquard for notes on the type specimen.
368 COLUBRID &.
5. Stegonotus batjanensis.
Coluber (Lielaphis) batjanensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H., (3) xv.
1865, p. 93, pl. ii. fig. A.
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above
measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals
about half as long as the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third to
once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the
end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal longer
than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142 or
242; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye;
five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which
are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17
rows. Ventrals 210-236; anal entire; subcaudals 78-87 pairs.
Blackish brown above, paler brown on the head; young with yel-
lowish-white narrow cross bars which widen towards the belly and
the anterior of which are broken up on the middle of the back and
alternate ; these markings become indistinct in the adult; sides of
head yellowish, the shields black-edged; lower parts yellowish, the
lateral ends of the ventrals and the subcaudals edged with black.
Total length 1500 millim.; tail 300.
Moluccas.
a. 2 (V. 236; C. 78). Batjan. Dr. Bleeker. (Type.)
b-c. Her. (V. 210; C. 87) Gilolo. Dr. Platen [C.].
& yg. (V. 222; C. 82).
6. Stegonotus? plumbeus.
Herbertophis plumbeus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. viii. 1884,
p. 434.
Frontal short and broad ; loreal oblong ; two pre- and two post-
oculars ; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the
eye. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 219; anal entire; subcaudals
74 pairs. Uniform nitid leaden-black above, yellowish white on
the belly ; the scales on the sides showing white edges as they
approach the ventral shields; subcaudals each with a black basal
atch.
‘ Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 235.
Herbert River, Queensland.
7. Stegonotus dumerilii.
Lycodon miilleri, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 382 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p- 203 (1858).
Odontomus miilleri, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1879, p. 78.
Rostral slightly broader than deep, the portion visible from above
measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ;
internasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal
once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as
51. DRYOCALAMUS. 369
its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the
parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer; two pra- and
two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 24+3,; nine upper labials,
fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer
than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 195-214; anal
entire ; subcaudals 112-123, Greyish brown above, with a dorsal
series of large oval or subquadrangular brown, black-edged spots
and, on each side, a series of smaller spots alternating with the
dorsals ; head spotted or marbled with brown; yellowish beneath,
uniform or with scattered brown dots.
Total length 740 millim.; tail 220.
Philippines.
QP (Veez1Or C2123): Surigao, A. Everett, Esq. [C.].
6, ¢, d. D9 (V. 209, 214, Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
195; C. 114, 118, 112).
51. DRYOCALAMUS.
Nympha (non Martini), Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826).
Lycodon, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (1837).
Odontomus (non Kirby), Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853,
p. 463, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 450 (1854) ; Gtinth. Cat. Col. Sn.
p. 206 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Om p: 95 (1863); Giinth. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 233 (1864).
Dryocalamus, Giinth. Cat. p. 121.
Hydrophobus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 127;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 297 (1890).
Nymphophidium, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 235.
Ulupe, Blanford, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlvii. 1878, p. 129.
Maxillary teeth 8 to 10, rather short but stout, increasing in size
posteriorly ; anterior mandibular teeth a little longer than the
posterior ; one or two more or less distinct tooth-like knobs on the
basisphenoid. Head distinct from neck, much depressed; eye
moderate or rather large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body
slender, slightly compressed ; scales smooth, in 13 or 15 rows, with
apical pits; ventrals strongly keeled on each side. Tail moderate ;
subcaudals in two rows.
South-eastern Asia.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. One or two proculars.
Rostral not twice as broad as deep ; scales
RUNS TO NDA ats fis sual oases a ener 1, nympha, p. 370.
Rostral not twice as broad as deep; scales
TOME OWS! eos -c uses o dieys ax nele 2. subannulatus, p. 371.
Rostral twice as broad as deep ; ‘scales
PEO WS acs 3,5,4i0 no nie Meine ape ers 3. gracilis, p. 371.
VOL, I. 2B
370 COLUBRID ©.
II. No preocular.
Renies in Lo TOWS:. .. sae aon ee Cee 4, davisonii, p. 372
Rewies i LO LOWS «2.4.3 ian «a eee eee 5. tristrigatus, p. 372.
1. Dryocalamus nympha.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xxxvi. & xxxvil. (1796).
Coluber nympha, Daud. Rept. vi. p, 244, pl. xxv. fig. 1 (1803).
Lycodon nympha, Schleg. Phys. Serp. 1. p. 120 (1837).
CEN nympha, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 450 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat
206 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 235 (1864) ; Jan, Icon.
én. 38, pl. v. fig. 2 (1879).
Hydrophobus semifasciatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. HL. (8) ix.
1862, p. 127, pl. ix. fig. 6.
Odontomus semifasciatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 234.
nympha, var. ceylonensis, #. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, viii.
1887, p. 269.
Hydrophobus nympha, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 298 (1890).
Rostral not twice as broad as deep, visible from above; nasal
entire or divided ; suture between the internasals usually as long as
that between the preefrontals or a little shorter; frontal longer than
its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
loreal longer than deep, usually entering the eye; one or two prx-
oculars; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 243; seven (ex-
ceptionally eight or six) upper labials, third and fourth entering
the eye; three or four labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows.
Ventrals 200-243; anal divided; subcaudals 65-88. Whitish,
with or without small brown spots, and with large elliptic dark
brown or black spots much longer than the interspaces between
them; a large brown spot nearly covers the upper surface of the
head and is separated from the first dorsal spot by a narrow white
occipital band; upper lip and lower parts uniform white.
Total length 460 millim. ; tail 90.
Southern India and Ceylon.
a-b. Her. (V. 243, 235; Cuddapa Hills. Col. Beddome [C.].
, 220; C: Vellore. Dr. P. Russell. (Types.)
83, 7 77). ;
e-f. bd (V. 219; C. 71) & S. Arcot, near Cul. Beddome Ora
OVE 2I6F C. aly coast.
G46 (V: O31; C.75) & BalarangamHills. Col. Beddome [C.}.
k. Her. (V. 223; ©. 65). Collegal, Balara- Col. Beddome [C.].
rangams.
l. Q (V. 232; C. 77). Salem district. Col. Beddome [C. i
m. Her. (V. 238; C. 77). Trichinopoly. Col. Beddome [C }.
n. Her. (V. 231; C. 83). Nallymally. Col. Beddome [C.}.
o. 9 (¥. 220; C. 80). Travancore. Col. Beddome le ap
wp. 2 (M.211;-C..80). Trincomalee. Col. Yerbury { P.}.
PG. lose, 2)” Ceylon. Sir A. Smith bey
51. DRYOCALAMUS. 37]
r-s. Hor. (V. 213, 215; Ceyloa. De. A. Giinther [P.].
C. 78, 75).
é. Hor. (V. 200; C. 88). Ceylon. W. Ferguson, Esq. [P.).
u. g (V. 206; C. 80). Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C. ].
2
v. Her. (V. 232; C. 84). T. C. Eyton, Esq. [P.}.
(Lype of H. semrfasciatus.)
2. Dryocalamus subannulatus.
Odontomus subannulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 454 (1854); Jan,
Icon. Gén. 36, pl. v. fig. 3 (1870).
Nymphophidium maculatum, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 235, pl. xix.
fig. H (1864); F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 150.
subannulatum, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 219.
Hydrophobus subannulatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 297
(1890).
Rostral not twice as broad as deep, visible from above; nasal
divided or semidivided; suture between the internasals as long as
or longer than that between the prefrontals; frontal once and a
half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, entering
the eye; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+2; seven
upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 225-244;
anal entire; subcaudals 93-107. Pale brownish above, with a
dorsal series of large brown transverse spots, and, on each side, a
series of small spots alternating with the dorsals: a brown band
across the preefrontals, another between the eyes, and a large brown
blotch on the parietals ; yellowish beneath.
Total length 295 millim.; tail 70.
Sumatra, Singapore, Pinang.
a. 3 (V. 244; C.107). Singapore ? Gen. Hardwicke [P.].
(Type of WV. maculatum.)
b. D (V. 225; C. 93). Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker.
(Coronella prosopeion, Blky.)
3. Dryocalamus gracilis. (Phare XXYV. fig. 2.
Odontomus gracilis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 254 (1864).
fergusonu, Haly, Taprobanian, iii. 1888, p. 51.
Hydrophobus gracilis, Louleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 298 (1890).
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; nasal
semidivided ; suture between the internasals as long as that between
the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of
the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep,
entering the eye, separated from the supraocular by a small pre-
ocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+; seven upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior.
Seales in 15 rows. Ventrals 200-234; anal entire; subcaudals
75-85. Whitish, each scale brown in the centre, with large dark
2B2
372 COLUBRID.
brown spots separated by narrower interspaces; these brown
spots much shorter, roundish, on the hinder part of the body ; head
dark brown above, separated from the first dorsal -spot by a narrow
white collar ; upper lip and lower parts uniform white.
Total length 530 millim.; tail 100.
Southern India and Ceylon.
a. 3 (V. 234; C. 83). Anamallay Hills. Col. Beddome [C. ].
Type.
b. Her. (V. 234; C. 85). Cuddapa Hills. Col. Beddome [C. ].
4, Dryocalamus davisonii.
Ulupe davisonii, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvii. 1878, p. 128,
and Proce. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 221; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver.
Naturk. 1888, p. 55.
Hydrophobus davisonii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 299 (1890).
Rostral not twice as broad as deep, visible from above; nasal un-
divided ; suture between the internasals as long as that between
the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of
the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep,
entering the eye; no preocular; one or two postoculars ; temporals
142 (or 242); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the
eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,
which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals
235-265; anal entire; subcaudals 91-108. Above with dark
brown or black elongate spots separated by white or pale brown
narrower interspaces; on the hinder half of the body the brown
spots become smaller or may be broken up; snout brown, connected
with the first dorsal brown spot by a longitudinal brown band, the
rest of the head being whitish; lower parts whitish, tail mottled
with brown.
Total length 670 millim.; tail 150,
Tenasserim, Siam, Cochinchina.
a-b. & (V. 286; C. 91) & Cochinchina. E. C. Cox-Smith, Esq. | P. }.
© (V. 235; C. 96).
Gig (V-.254; CG. 99), Annam. City Hall Mus., Hongkong
[Ei
5. Dryocalamus tristrigatus. (PuaTE XXYV. fig. 3.)
Dryocalamus tristrigatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 121 (1858).
Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above
half as long as its distance from the frontal; nasal undivided ;
suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pre-
frontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its ~
distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
loreal nearly twice as long as deep, entering the eye; no praocular ; _
two postoculars; temporals 24+2 or 2+3; seven upper labials,
third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields very short.
52. PSEUDASPIS. 310
Seales in 15 rows. Ventrals 224; anal entire; subcaudals 86.
Dark brown above with three white stripes; upper head-shields
edged with white ; upper lip, outer row of scales, and lower surfaces
white.
Total length 360 millim.; tail 80.
Habitat unknown.
a. 9 {V. 224; C. 86). —? Haslar Collection. (Type.)
52. PSEUDASPIS.
Duberria, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826).
Coluber, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 125 (1837).
Coronella, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 607 (1854) ; Giinth.
eee Sn. p. 34 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863,
Bepunesnic Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 168.
Cadmus (non Bory), Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 58 (1868).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 14, posterior longest ; anterior mandibular
teeth much longer than the posterior. Head slightly distinct from
neck; eye moderate or rather small, with round pupil. Internasal
entering the nostril. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical
pits, in 27 to 31 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; sub-
caudals in two rows.
South Africa.
1. Pseudaspis cana.
Coluber canus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. i. p. 31, pl. xi. fig. 1 (1754),
and S. N. i. p. 382 (1766); Merr. Beitr. Nat. Amph. i. p. 27, pl. ix.
(1790); Daud. Rept. vi. p. 359 (1803); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p- 155, pl. vi. figs. 7 & 8 (1857); Smuth, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept.
pls. xiv.—xvii. (1842).
Duberria cana, Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 55 (1826).
Coronella cana, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 613 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 40
(1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 253.
Pseudaspis cana, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 168.
Cadmus cuneiformis, Theob. Cat. Rept. As, Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 58,
and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 163 (1876).
Coronella phocarum, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 856.
Snout rather prominent, with angular canthus rostralis and ver-
tical slightly concave lores ; rostral considerably deeper than broad,
the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from
the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or longer than
that between the prefrontals ; frontal as long as or longer than its
distance from the end of the snout, as long as or longer than the
parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one preocular; two or three
postoculars, and a subocular separating the fifth labial from the eye ;
temporals 2+3 or 344; seven upper labials, fourth entering the
eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 27 to 31
rows. Ventrals 175-212; anal divided; subcaudals 50-70. Young
374 COLUBRID®,
pale brown, with dark brown white-edged spots forming four longi-
tudinal series; sometimes a darker vertebral line; lower parts
yellowish or purplish brown, uniform or spotted with black. Adult
very variable in colour, brown or reddish, with more or less distinct
spots, often uniform dark brown or black.
Total length 1700 millim. ; tail 250.
South Africa.
A. Pale brown above.
a-c. 9 (Se. 29; V. 212; C.58), Cape of Good Dr. Lee [P.}.
hgr. (Se. 29;-V. 189; C. 50), Hope.
& yg: (Sc. 29; V. 183; C. 69).
d. Yo. (Se. 27; V.2U5; C. 55). Cape Cook.
£6 ‘(Se cols Vi 190C! 70). “Shader: Capt. H.C. St. John
(P.].
72 CO. (Se2275 V. 1875 (C262). 5. eies: Mr. J. Abrahams | P. }.
y. Ye. (Se. ‘29; V. 189; ©. 70)" Ss Adrica; Mr. A. Thomson | P. }.
h. 3 (Se. 29; V. 183 ; 0. 58). -- S. Adrics,
1. Vo. (Se, ols V. 189; C. 63). 8. Africa. (One of the types of
C. phocarum.)
B. Dark brown or black.
> & (Se. 27; V. 185; C. 66). Simon’s Bay. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’
l. Her. (Se. 81; V.199; C.51). Cape Town. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk
=
REE
m. 2 (Se. 81; V. 209; C.54). Robben Isl. Rev. G. H. R. Fisk
[Po
n-o. 6 (Se. 81,81; V.175, 184; 8. Africa. College of Sur-
C, 65, 61). geons.
(Types of C. phocarum.)
p. 6 (Se. 27; V. 184; €. 70). S. Africa. Haslar Collection.
C. Osteological specimens.
q. Ad., skel. S. Africa.
r. Skull. S. Atricat
53. ZAOCYS.
Coryphodon, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 107 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco
sist. Ofid. p. 65 (1863).
Zaocys, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 568; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 255 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind. , Rept. p- 829 (1890).
THerpetodryas, part., Jan, 1. ¢. p. 80.
Zapyrus, Ginth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 256.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 33, increasing in size posteriorly ; mandi-
bular teeth subequal. Head elongate, distinct from neck; eye
large, with round pupil ; a subocular beneath the preeocular. Body
elongate, a little compressed ; scales smooth or keeled, with apical
pits, in 14, 16, or 18 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long ; sub-
caudals in two rows.
South-eastern Asia.
53. ZAOCYS. Oto
Synopsis of the Species.
I. A single loreal; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye.
A. Scales in 16 rows.
Two or four rows of scales keeled; sub-
GAMGRIS AOS WIG... ewes dees 1. dhumnades, p. 375.
Four or six rows of scales keeled; sub- [p. 376.
GAUSS LAY sos is epeace anne olhe arm ek 2. nigromarginatus,
B. Scales in 14 rows, all smooth ...... 3. luzonensis, p. 377.
IL. Two or three loreals ; scales in 16 or 18 rows.
Two median rows of scales keeled; sub-
caudals 110-118; fifth and sixth labials
PMEELINGVING BYE 265.0 3.0/6 < Seals cee voles 4. carinatus, p. 377.
Scales all smooth; subcaudals 163-165;
fifth and sixth labials entering the eye.. 5. fuscus, p. 378.
Scales all smooth; subcaudals 123; tourth [p. 378.
or fifth labial entering the eye ........ 6. tenasserimensis,
1. Zaocys dhumnades. (Prare XXVI. fig. 1.)
Coluber dhumnades, Cantor, Ann. § Mag. N. H. ix. 1842, p.°483,
and Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 74 (1847).
Ablabes vittatus, Dum. § Bubr. vii. p. 826 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool.
Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 281. oes
Coryphodon carinatus, part., Geinth. Cat. p. 112 (1858).
Zaocys dhumnades, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 563; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 256, ph. xxii. tig. A (1864).
Rostral broader than deep, visible trom above ; internasals shorter
than the prefrontals; frontals once and one fourth to once and a
half as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance
from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal
longer than deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two
postoculars ; temporals 24+2 or 2+1; eight upper labials, fourth
and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Seales
in 16 rows, the two median strongly keeled: a second dorsal pair
may be feebly keeled. Ventrals 187-194; anal divided ; subcaudals
108-116. Anterior half of body olive above, with black edges to
the scales and a yellow or orange, black-edged vertebral stripe ;
upper lip and belly yellow, the olive of the upper parts extending
down to the ends of the ventrals ; on the posterior part of the body
the upper surfaces turn to black and the lower to dark olive or
grey.
‘Yotal length 1950 millim.; tail 530.
Soutbern China.
376 COLUBRID.
Gg (Vlora. 2). Chusan. Dr. Cantor. (Type.)
Oe Valco: C2). Chusan.
c-e. & (V. 194, 189, 194; Mountains north A. E. Pratt, Esq.[C.].
ll, 116, 115): of Kiukiang.
Weg (Vv. 187; °C. 112), [ Deccan. ] Col. Sykes [P.].
2. Zaocys nigromarginatus.
Coluber nigromarginatus, Blyth, Jow'n. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854,
p. 290.
Coryphodon carinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 112 (1858), and Proce. Zool.
Soe. 1860, p. 165.
Zaocys nigromarginatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 257, pl. xxii. fig. B
(1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 172 (1876); Bouleng.
Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 829 (1890). :
Coryphodon dhumnades (non Cant.), Jan, Icon. Gén, 24, pl. iv. fig. 1
(1867).
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter
than the preefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a
half as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance
from the end of the snout or than the parietals; loreal longer than
deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it ; two postoeulars ;
temporals 242 (rarely 1+2); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 16
rows, the four or six median keeled. Ventrals 190-205: anal
_ divided; subcaudals 123-137. Green above, scales black-edged,
yellowish green below ; two broad deep black bands along each side
of the tail, advancing forwards on the trunk to its middle third in
adult specimens, and nearly to the head in young ones; the two
upper bands separated from each other by the joining halves of the
two vertebral series of scales.
Total length 2100 millim.; tail 600.
Himalayas (to 7100 feet), Khasi Hills, and Kakhyen Hills, Upper
Burma.
}
a,b. 6 (V.1938; C. 180) &, | Nepal: B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
ye. (V. 194; C. 130). (Po.
ce. d (V. 194; C. 180). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C.].
d-e. § (V. 190; C. 132) & Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P. ].
B(Vs 187 Cre):
Fe DAV ASA CaN 2Ay: Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Pai
g-h. 2 (V. 205; C. 1381) & Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [-P.].
her. (V. 195; C. 130).
t,k-m,n. & (V. 205, 193;
©. 131, 130), 9 (V. 196,
197; C. 126, 123), & yg.
(V. 193; ©. 137).
0. 2 (V. 201; C. 134). —— ?{ Afghanistan. }
P East India Museum.
53. ZAOCYS. OTT
3. Zaocys luzonensis. (Puare XXVI. fig. 2.)
Zaocys luzonensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 169.
Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above: internasals shorter
than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad,
as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than
the parictals ; loreal at least twice as long as deep ; one prieocular,
with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; eight
upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter
than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 14 rows. Ventrals 206 ;
anal divided; subcaudals 119. Pale olive-brown above, the scales
edged with black; lower parts yellow, turning to dark olive
posteriorly.
Total length 2500 millim. ; tail 650.
Philippine Islands. (
a, 5 (V. 205; C. 119). Lauzon. Dr. A. B. Meyer ([C.]. (Type.)
4, Zaocys carinatus. (Prare XXVIII. fig. 1.)
Coryphodon carinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 112 (1858).
Zaocys carinatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 256 (1864).
Ptyas korros, part., Blanf. Proc, Zool. Soc, 1881, p. 221.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter
than the preefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as
its distance from the rostral, a little shorter than the parietals ; two
or three loreals ; one procular, with a subocular below it ; two post-
oculars; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth enter-
ing the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 16
or 18 rows, two or four middle rows keeled. Ventrals 208-215 :
anal divided; subcaudals 110-118. Brownish olive or blackish
anteriorly, with yellowish spots or irregular cross bands, yellowish
or pale brown posteriorly with a large deep-black network; lower
parts yellowish anteriorly, black and yellow posteriorly.
Total length 3000 muillim.; tail 750.
Borneo, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula,
GON 209 3G. P). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.}.
: (Type.) ‘
b. g (V. 215; C.118). District of Deli, Su- My. Iversen [C.].
matra.
e. d (¥. 208; C. 110). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.].
d. S& (V.208; C. 118). Perak. Dr. J. Anderson
CP.].
378 COLUBRID®.
5. Zaocys fuscus. (Prarr XXVIL. fig. 2.
Coryphodon fuscus, Giinth. Cat. p. 112 (1858).
? Herpetodryas horneri, Jan, Elenco, p. 80 (1863).
Zaocys fuscus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 256 (1864).
Xostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals
shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as
long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, a little
shorter than the parietals; three loreals ; one preocular, with one
or two small suboculars below it; two postoculars ; temporals 242 ;
nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much
shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 16 rows. Ventrals
189-198 ; anal divided; subcaudals 163-165. Olive above,
yellowish inferiorly ; a black lateral band along the posterior part
of the body and along the tail, extending to the outer ends of the
ventral and subcaudal shields.
Total length 2900 millim.; tail 1000.
Borneo and Sumatra.
a. 3 (V. 195; C. 168). Borneo. Types.)
b. Har. g (V.192; C.165). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.].( (1YPes-
ed. 3 (¥. ¥89; 198:>6C.. Nias, Hr, Sundermann [C. }.
164, 2),
Cn (Vel 95:3 C.)P): —-? Dr. Bleeker.
6. Zaocys tenasserimensis.
Zaocys tenasserimensis, WV. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1x.
1891, p. 288, pl. vi. fig. 3.
Rostral as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals
shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, longer than
its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
three loreals ; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two post-
oculars ; a single pair of long, superposed temporals ; seven or eight
upper labials, fourth or fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are equal to the poste-
rior. Scales smooth, in 16 rows. Ventrals 201: anal divided ;
subeaudals 123. Black above, greenish olive on the head; ante-
riorly with traces of a white vertebral line; in the middle part of
the body a series of ill-defined white transverse bands bordered
with black posteriorly ; on the hinder part of the body the bands
are gradually transformed into seven longitudinal series of white
spots separated by a black network; below yellowish, the outer
edges of the ventrals dusky, tail with a median dusky streak.
‘Tenasserim.
54. ZAMENIS. 379
54. ZAMENIS.
Hemorrhois, Bore, Isis, 1826, p. 982, and 1827, p. 538 (nom. nud.) ; ,
Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Caue. p. 118 (1841).
Pyria, part., Ltzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826).
Zamenis, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 188 (1880).
Periops, Wag. 1. ¢. p. 189; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 674 (1854);
Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 59 (1863).
Coluber, part., Schley. Fhys. Serp. ii. p. 125 (1857).
Psammophis, part., Schleg. J. c. p. 201.
Zamenis, Dum. § "Bibr. t. c. p. 683; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 101
(1858); Jan, l. c. p. 65: Grnth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 252 (1864) ;
Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 663 (1888); Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 8258 (1890).
Bascanion, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 93 (1853) ; Bocourt,
Op. Be p. 697 (1890); Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892,
. 621.
Masticophis Baird & Gir. 1. c. p. 98; Jan, l.e. p. 64.
Salvadora, Baird § Gir. l.c. p. 104; Jan, 1. ¢. p.58; Bocourt, l. ¢.
p- 660 (1888) ; Cope, /. c. p. 618.
Coryphodon, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 180; Giinth. Cat. p. 107 ;
Jan, l. c. p. 63.
Herpetodryas, part., Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 203 ; Giinth. Cat. p. 115 ;
Jan. l. e. p. 80
Leptophis, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. ec. p. 528.
Ptyas, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 565; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 248, :
Bieaathiyra, Cope, 1. ce. p. 566.
Platyceps, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1860, p. 114.
Tyria, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.
Megablabes, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 92.
Spalerosophis, Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 856 (1865).
Chilolepis, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos, Soc. xxiii. 1886, p. 491.
Drymobius, part., Bocourt, op. cit. p. 715 (1890).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 20, increasing in size posteriorly, forming
a continuous series or the two last separated from the others by a
very narrow interspace; mandibular teeth subequal, or anterior
slightly enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck; eye mode-
rate or large, with round pupil; usually one or more suboculars.
Body elongate, cylindrical; scales smooth or feebly keeled, with
apical pits, in 13 to 43 rows; ventrals rounded or with an obtuse
lateral keel. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows.
Europe; Asia; North Africa; Senegambia; North and Central
America.
As observed by Dr. Giinther in 1864 (Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 252),
the species of this genus ufford a complete transition from the
““Corypbodont” dentition as exemplified by Z. korros or Z. con-
strictor to the somewhat ill-defined “ Diacranterian ” type as shown
by Z gemonensis, the skull of which is here figured.
350 COLUBRID&.
Fig. 26,
Skull of Zamenis gemonensis.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. A pair of internasals and a pair of preefrontals.
A. Posterior chin-shields in contact anteriorly *.
Scales in 13 rows; ventrals 194-197 .... 1. dipsas, p. 383.
Scales in 15 rows; ventrals 162-177 .... 2. korros, p. 384.
Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 190-208 .... 3. mucosus, p. 385.
B. Posterior chin-shields usually separated from each other by
scales.
1. Scales in 15 or 17 rows (exceptionally 19 in Z. flagelli-
forms ?).
a. Portion of rostral seen from above not more than half as
long as its distance from the frontal.
a. Frontal anteriorly wider than the supraocular.
* Scales in 15 rows; fourth and fifth labials entering
theveye <3\.1/ is rs epee 4. oawace, p. 386.
* Tt is necessary, for ascertaining this character, to distend the skin of the
chin to make sure that small scales are not hidden in the mental groove.
54. ZAMENIS. 381
** Scales in 17 rows.
+ Snout moderately projecting, obtuse.
Third and fourth (rarely fourth and fifth)
labials entering the eye; ventrals 160—
190; subcaudals 74-104 ............ 5. constrictor, p. 387.
Fourth and fifth labials entering the eye;
ventrals 184-197 ; subcaudals 110-128. 6. lineatus, p. 388.
A single labial entering the eye; ventrals
185-202 ; subcaudals 111-113 ...... 7. mentovarius, p. 389.
TT Snout very prominent, rather pointed ; ventrals
180-203; subcaudals 85-99.
13. spinalis, p. 394.
fi. Frontal not or but slightly wider than the supraocular ;
ventrals 182-211.
A subocular below the preocular; two
. labials entering the eye; subcaudals [p. 389.
Sesh) ee sods x0 ae mex oe 8. flagelliformis,
A subocular below the preocular; two
labials entering the eye; subcaudals
MME cai hss toe Nare-¥ lols ley eis. < m o-aheyerone Rash 9. teniatus, p. 390.
No subocular ; three labials entering the [p. 392.
eye; subcaudals 133-152............ 10. pulcherrimus,
6. Portion of rostral visible from above as long as or a
little shorter than its distance from the frontal; ven-
trals 175-206.
Three labials entering the eye ; subcaudals
NE ee co cauk cs casos Cosas ait se eriohcroeneae Te 11. mexicanus, p. 392.
One or two labials entering the eye; sub-
CORTE ES 2 le Aa ae POP Mee Ses ee 12. grahami, p. 393.
2. Scales in 19 rows (rarely 17 in Z. gemonensis).
a. Frontal not or but slightly wider than the supraocular,
more than once and a half as long as broad.
Ventrals rather indistinctly angulate late-
rally ; scales with two apical pits...... 14. gemonensis, p. 395.
Ventrals very distinctly angulate laterally ;
scales with a single apical pit ........ 15. dahlii, p. 397.
b. Frontal anteriorly considerably wider than the supraocular.
a. Nine upper labials, two of which enter the eye.
Ventrals 214-262; subcaudals 113-145.. 16. rhodorhachis,
[p. 398.
Ventrals 199-211; subcaudals 82-119 .. 17. ventrimaculatus,
[p. 399.
3. Nine upper labials ; a subocular separates the eye from
bhie: sixtian Laval crate a2 18. karelinii, p. 401.
382 COLUBRID.
y. Hight upper labials ........ 19. elegantissimus,
[p. 402.
3. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; two labials enter the eye.
a. One preocular (rarely divided), with a subocular below it ;
scales smooth,
Nine upper labials; subcaudals not more
pap LOO". '.:ceeesee cus eenseeet eee 20. florulentus, p. 402.
Nine upper labials; subcaudals more than
MOQ 5 15,3 1s tecotovlnrgnchst a) aceite (te ies ae ee 21. gracilis, p. 404.
Kight upper labials ; subcaudals less than
NO RS AN gertae Peas poh S35 o6 22. fasciolatus, p. 404.
b. Two preoculars in addition to the subocular; scales with
an obtuse or faint keel ...... 23. ravergieri, p. 405.
4. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, usually a single labial enters the
eye.
a. Two preoculars in addition to the subocular.
Scales obtusely or faintly keeled ; ventrals
197-216 ; subcaudals 79-101 ........ 24. nummifer, p. 407.
Scales perfectly smooth ; ventrals 219-228 ;
snbcaudals OV—119 ¢..5...c% mane maiens 25. socotre, p. 408.
b. One preocular, with a subocular below it; ventrals 214-
232; subcaudals 87-104 .... 26. algirus, p. 408.
©. Seales in 25 to 29 rows; eye usually separated from the
, 5 €) y separated from t
labials by suboculars........-- 27. hippocrepis, p. 409.
6. Scales in 31 rows; two labials entering the eye.
28. dorri, p. 410.
II. Prefrontals broken up into three or more shields ; eye separated
from the labials by suboculars ; anal entire.
A. Scales in 25 to 33 rows; 10 to 13 upper labials.
Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader
than.deep:. 2225 0... ogee 29. diadema, p. 411.
Rostral much deeper than broad, wedged in
far between the internasals .......... 30. arenarius, p. 413,
B. Scales in 41 to 43 rows; 14 or 15 upper labials.
31. microlepis, p. 413.
As has been done for the genus Z'ropidonotus, a table is appended
showing the numbers of scales and shields in the different species,
with the object of facilitatirg the identification of specimens :—
54. ZAMENTS.
I. Old-World species.
383
|
Se. Vi he C. Lab. entering eye. |
CUP SUS is wae sie ateenes 13 | 194-197 | 1 | 102-130 | 4th, 5th.
MOENOS! ss 2.c5. hve vwae sees 15 | 162-177 | 2 | 122-146 | 4th, 5th.
MULOSUB de snate ds can'denees 17 187-208 2 95-140 | 4th, 5th.
SPUAUS .0<i-<scssccnra-s 17 180-203 | 2 85-99 | 4th, Sth, or 5th, 6th.
GOMONENSIS....s.eeeeeee 17-19 | 190-250 | 2 87-130 | 4th, 5th.
HO elgcoeec po Gea ceCaceey 1h, 205-218 2 98-132 | 4th, 5th, or 5th, 6th
rhodorhachis .........00. 19 214-262 9 | 1138-154 | Sth, 6th.
ventrimaculatus .....- 19 194-211 2 82-119 | Sth, 6th.
TEOMELONUUE estes ssh sie 19 | 198-212 | 2 85-110 | 5th.
elegantissimus ......++- 19 | 197-200 | 2 79-83 | 5th, or 4th, 5th.
PLOTULONTUS o..c0000s0++- 21-23 | 201-228 | 2 82-100 | Sth, 6th.
()RUECOIES, «= AAGERO SORES TOAE Re 21 | 206-228 | 2 | 118-127 | 5th, 6th.
WASCIOLUUUS. .o...-ceooeee 21-23 | 197-225 | 2 73-92 | 4th, 5th.
ROVENGUCTUN: se sales =e =» «1 21-23] 190-222 | 2 75-101 | 5th, 6th. .
WODNDIDOIEAR. SP OREEDE Co ceREE 23-25 | 197-216 | 1-2 | 79-101 | 5th, or 5th, 6th.
SOCULRE merececicest: deieciae 23 | 219-228 | 2 | 107-119 | 5th.
GQUQUTUSOr adaces uses acs sie 23-25 | 214-232 | 1-2 | 87-104 | Sth, or 6th, or 0.
hippocrepis ...........-| 25-29 | 222-258 | 1-2 | 77-107 | 5th, or 6th, or 0.
OTR Toeee cee io tance ass: 3 245-254 2 84 4th, 5th.
CUCCEMe meet ccetaeee es: 25-33 | 210-278 | 1 65-110 | 0.
QLENATIUS .cccccvcvecess: 2527 227 1 80 0.
mMicrolepis ........010+64- 4ay=43)| 963° | To i 100) 710:
|
II. American species.
Se. aa le C. | Lab. entering eye.
OULACP Macc sen Nee csace 15 | 154-160 | 2 87 4th, 5th.
CONSURICTOT seen ecnesce site 17 160-190 | 2 74-104 | 8rd, 4th, or 4th, 5th.)
WUNGE GEMS Aone Sone sea ox bes 17 184-197 2 110-128 | 4th, 5th. |
MENCOVATIUS ....0020000- 17 | 185-202 | 2 | 111-118 | 4th or 5th.
flagelliformis.......00..- 17 | 182-211 | 2 | 80-112 |/4th, 5th:
TETLOLUS si. Alegoascan vee 15-17 | 196-209 | 1-2 | 115-157 | 4th, Sth.
pulcherriMus ...c.seeeees 17 | 191-205 |. 2 | 133-152 | 4th, 5th, 6th.
MECLICUIUS swacisoeesoesos's 17 184-190 | 2 | 127-135 | 4th, 5th, 6th.
GTANIUMT. fcc cise vseans 17 175-206 2 | 75-108 | 4th, 5th, or 5th, 6th.
1. Zamenis dipsas.
Herpetodryas dipsas, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 197 (1837).
Leptophis olivaceus, Dum. § Bobr. vii. p. 547 (1854).
Megablabes olivaceus, Gimth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 92.
Snout scarcely projecting, obtuse ; eye very large. Rostra] broader
than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the
prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its
distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ;
loreal a little longer than deep: a divided przocular, not touching
the frontal ; a small subocular below the prxocular ; two postoculars ;
temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the
eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
384 COLUBRID ®. -
shields ; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and in con-
tact anteriorly. Scales smooth, in 13 rows. Ventrals 194-197; anal
entire ; subcaudals 102-130. Blackish brown above, the sides yellow
on the anterior portion of the body; upper lip yellow: lower parts
yellow anteriorly, with a lateral series of blackish-brown spots, turn-
ing to brown towards the midde, the posterior portion of the body
and the tail being of a uniform blackish brown above and below. —
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 500.
Celebes.
a. & (V. 197; C. 102). Manado. Dr. Bleeker. (Type
of Megablabes olivaceus.)
2. Zamenis korros.
Coluber korros, Schleg. Phys. Serp. i. p. 189 (1837), and Abbild.
p. 99, pls. xxvii. & xxvill. figs. 1-6 (1840); Cantor, Cat. Mal.
Rept. p. 74 (1847).
Coryphodon korros, Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 186 (1854); Giinth. Cat.
p. 110 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 24, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1867).
Ptvas korros, Cone, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 563; Giinth. Rent.
Brit. Ind, p. 250 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 169
(1876); Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 816 (1879).
Zamenis korros, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 324 (1890).
Snout slightly projecting, obtuse; eye very large. Rostral a
little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter
than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two
thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the
snout, or a little longer, and as long as the parietals; usually two
or three loreals; one large preocular, usually not touching the
frontal, with a small suboecular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals
242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye: five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
shorter than the posterior; latter in contact anteriorly. Scales
smooth, or feebly keeled on the posterior part of the back in the
adult, in 15 rows. Ventrals 162-177; anal divided ; subcaudals
122-145. Brownish or olive above, the scales on the posterior
part of the body and on the tail edged with black; lower surfaces
uniform yellow; young with transverse series of roundish pearl-
coloured spots, forming cross bands.
Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 600.
Sikkim Himalayas, Assam, Burma, Western Yunnan, Southern
China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java.
a oO (V. 166; C.122)2> “KaniKiane; A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.].
b,c. 9 (V.167; C.?) & Hong Kong. J. C. Bowring, Esq.
her. (V. 166; C.?). weal:
dG. (V. 164s) C-P). Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [P.].
e, © (V. 176; C. 186). India. Capt. Stafford [P.].
Wane CV. L635 Coe): Siam. M. Mouhot [C.}.
g. Her. (V.169; C.189). Mergui. Prof. Oldham [| P.].
h. Her. (V.172; C.180). Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
4 CG (Vv. ae Gy 135). Pinang. Gen. Hardwicke [P.].
iva
o4. ZAMBNIS. 385
k. 3 (V. 168; C.?). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.}.
Lm. 3 (V. 166; C.?) & Java. G. Lyon, Esq. [ P.].
hgr. (V. 170; C. 134).
n. Yg. (V.162; C. 140). Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker.
0, p. Skulls. K. Indies.
3. Zamenis mucosus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xxxiv. (1796), and ii. pl. xxiii. fig. 2
(1801).
Coluber mucosus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 388 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi.
p. 855 (1803).
Natrix mucosa, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 77 (1768).
Coluber blumenbachii, Merr. Tent. p. 119 (1820); Schley. Phys.
Serp. li. p. 187, pl. v. figs. 7 & 8 (1837).
dhumna, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 51.
Coryphodon blumenbachii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 184 (1854); Giinth.
Cat. p. 111 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 24, pl. iii. figs. 2-4 (1867).
Leptophis trifrenatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 503.
Ptyas mucosus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 563; Giinth. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 249 (1864); Stoliezka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix.
1870, p. 185; Blanf. t.c. p. 372; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.
p. 168 (1876); Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 815 (1879) ;
Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 931.
Zamenis mucosus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 324 (1890).
Snout slightly projecting, obtuse; eye very large. Rostral a
little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter
than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a quarter to once and a half
as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, |
as long as the parietals or slightly shorter; usually three loreals ;
one large preeocular, not in contact with the frontal, with a small
subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 242; eight upper
labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the
posterior ; latter in contact anteriorly. Scales more or less strongly
keeled on the posterior part of the back, in 17 rows. Ventrals
187-208; anal divided; subcaudals 95-140. Brown above,
frequently with more or less distinct black cross bands on the
posterior part of the body and on the tail; young usually with
light cross bands on the front half of the body. Lower surfaces
yellowish; the posterior ventral and the caudal shields may be
edged with black. ,
Total length 2100 millim. ; tail 500,
Transcaspia, Afghanistan, India and Ceylon, Burma, Southern
China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Java.
Guo wv. 198; C. 112). Kowloon, Hong H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’
Kong.
b-c. 3 (V. 187; C. 105) Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].
& 2 (V. 201; C. 109).
d-g. Hgr. (V. 195, 201; Cashmere. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.],
C. 95, 103) & yg. (V.
192, 194; C. 98, 105).
VOL. ie 2c¢
386 COLUBRID.
h, t-k, l-m. & (V. 196, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
202; C. 116, 122) & pe:
yg. (V. 197, 195, 208 ;
C. 110, 117, 102).
n. 6 (V.1938; C.110). Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C.]}.
peeve, (Vs 19255072): Bengal. W. Masters, Esq. [P.].
p: Her. (V. 203 ; C. 135). Calcutta. Messrs. v. Schlagin-
tweit [C.].
4. oY. 200; C. 102). Calcutta. Zoological Society.
Ble 195: Ca128): Deccan. Col. Sykes Pea:
s-u. Yg. (V. 204, 198, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
904; ©. 130, 125, 116).
v, wx. S (V. 197 ; C. Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P. |.
128) & 9 (V. 199,198;
©. 127, 183).
y. Yg. (V. 198; C. 135). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
z Yg.(V. 197; C. 140). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq.
(Pal
a, B. Yg. (V. 203,198; Ceylon.
C. 138, 187).
y. Yg. (V. 194; C.112). Toungyi, Shan Lieut. Blakeway [C.].
States, 5000 feet.
5. Her. (V.194; C.118). Siam. M. Mouhot [C.].
eno (V. 192; C. 416): Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P. |.
4, Zamenis oaxacer.
Poumbodes testaceus, part., Grinth. Cat. p. 108 (1858).
oaxaca, Jan, Elenco, p. 65 (1863).
Engesnie: oaxaca, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 701, pl. xviii.
fiz. 2 (1890).
Snout moderately prominent. Rostral a little broader than deep,
the portion visible from above not quite half as long as its distance
from the frontal; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal
once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad; broader
than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, as long as the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one pra-
ocular, with a small subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals
242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior
chin-shields a little shorter than the anterior, and separated from
each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals not
distinctly angulate, 154-160 ; anal divided; subcaudals 87. Olive-
brown above, with small black spots; lower half of upper labials
yellow ; belly yellow, olive on the sides, “a a few small olive
spots.
Total length 580 millim.
Mexico.
go, igr. O(N, 160); G72); Mexico. Mr. Hugo Finck [C.}.
54, ZAMENIS. 387
5. Zamenis constrictor.
Coluber constrictor, Linn. S. N. i. p. 885 (1766); Catesby, Nat.
Hist. Carol. ii. pl. xlviii. (1771) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 402 (1803) ;
Harl. Journ. Ac. Philad. vy. 1827, p. 348, and Med. Phys. Kes. p. 112
(1835) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 133 (1837); Storer, Rep. Fish. §
Rept. Mass, p. 225 (1839) ; Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iii. p. 55, pl. xi.
(1842); De Kay, Faun. N. York, Rept. p. 35, pl. x. fig. 20 (1842) ;
Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 41, pl. iv. tig. 8 (1883); H. Garm. Bull.
Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 285.
flaviventris, Say, in Long’s Exped. Rocky Mount. ii. p. 185
_ (1828); Harl. ll. ce.; Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 107.
' ——mormon, Baird § Gir. in Stansbury’s Exped. Great Salt Lake,
p. 351 (1852).
Bascanion constrictor, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 93 (1858) ;
Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. x\viii. fig. 5 (1890) ; Cope, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 623.
fremontii, Baird § Gir. l. ce. p. 95.
foxil, Baird § Gir. l.c. p. 96.
flaviventris, Baird § Gir. l. ec. p. 96; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex.,
Rept. p. 697, pl. xlviii. fig. 3 (1890).
vetustus, Baird § Gir. l.c. p. 97; Gir. U.S. Explor. Exped.,
Herp. p. 127, pl. viii. figs. 12-19 (1858).
Masticophis mormon, Baud § Gir. 1. c. p. 101.
Coryphodon constrictor, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 183 (1854); Hallow.
Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 242; Giinth. Cat. p. 108 (1858); Jan,
Icon. Gén. 22, pl. iii. & pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2 (1867).
flaviventris, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 241.
testaceus, part., Giinth. l.c. p. 108.
constrictor flaviventris, Jan, op. cit. 48, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1876).
Snout moderately prominent. MRostral as deep as broad or a
little broader, the portion visible from above measuring one third
to one half its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than
the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths
as long as broad, anteriorly a little broader than the supraocular, as
long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a
little longer ; one preocular (rarely divided), with a small sub-
ocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 24+2; seven (rarely
eight) upper labials, third arid fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering
the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or a little shorter than
the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales
smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals not distinctly angulate laterally,
160-190 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 74-104. Olive to black
above; young with transversely oval, dark, black-edged spots.
Total length 1580 millim. ; tail 370.
North America, North Mexico.
A. Black above and below ; lips and throat yellowish.
(C. constrictor.)
(Viat&: C. 97). New Orleans.
C. 88). N. America.
N. America.
388
COLUBRID.
B. Olive or brown above, yellow or pale olive inferiorly.
(C. flaviventris.)
a, b-c. 9 (V.183; C.87) Bloomington, In- C. Bollman, Esq. [C.].
we ye. (V.L77, 179. diana.
80, 93).
a. 3 (V. 171; C.:80): Kansas. Smithsonian Inst. [P.].
ere (V. 1783 Cosy. Kansas.
Wee. CV. 180 ear): Delaware. EK. Doubleday, Esq.
es
g;h: OAV. A605 C.P)-& | Texas:
@ (V. 165; ©. 87).
i-k. & (V. 170; C. 95)
& 9 (V. 178; C.?).
British Columbia. J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.].
LOAN, WissaCaol). Oregon. Smithsonian Inst. [P.].
m. Yg.(V. 172; C. 93). Sierra Nevada, Cali- Mr. Gruber [C.].
fornia.
ne Vp V. 8695 "C84.
Monterey, California.
b: 2 (Ve d63 00282),
Camp Taylor, Marin Prof. C, Eigenmann
Co., California. [C.].
p-g. 3 (V. 180; C. 104) Mexico.
& 9 (V. 170; C. 84).
Toei (NRIOL NG re Mexico. Mr. H. Finck [C.].
6. Zamenis lineatus.
Bascanion lineatus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 700, pl. xlviil.
fig. 1 (1890).
Snout moderately prominent ; eye a little larger than in Z. con-
strictor. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader, the portion
visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from
the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prafrontals; frontal once
and two thirds to twice as long as broad, a little broader than the
supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the
end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal considerably
longer than deep; one preocular, with a small subocular below it ;
two postoculars; temporals 24+2 or 343; eight upper labials,
fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as
long as, or a little longer than, the anterior, and separated from
each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals
obtusely angulate laterally, 184-197; anal divided; subcaudals
110-128. Pale brown or pale olive above, each scale with a small
black apical spot ; young with yellowish, black-edged markings on
the occiput and nape; belly uniform yellow.
Total length 1850 millim.; tail 450.
Western Mexico.
a-c,d. 3 (V.188, 188;°
C. 115, ?), 2 (V. 184;
C. 110), & yg. (V. 184;
C. 115).
Presidio, nr. Mazatlan. Myr. A. Forrer [C.].
54. ZAMENIS. 389
e, 1, k-l. 8 (V.192,197; Tres Marias Islands. | Mr. A. Forrer [C.}.
C. 125, 128) & her. CY:
195, 1 95, 197, 195, 197;
Ce 118, 117, 115, 13,
art
. Ad. (head and neck). Guadalajara, 1500 ft. Dr, A. C. Buller [C
n. we (head and neck). Autlan, Jalisco. Dr. A. C. Buller
0 3 (V. 187; C. 129). Amula, Guerrero. Mr. W. H. Smith | E
F. D. Godman, Tea VB
7. Zamenis mentovarius.
Coryphodon mentovarius, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 187 (1854).
Bascanium suboculare, Cope, Proe. Ac. Phila’ 1866, p. 319.
? Spilotes corais, var. suborbitalis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868,
cof. 94 41.
Bascanium mentovarium, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879,
271; Bocourt, Miss. Sc.’ Mex. .. Rept. p. 699, pl. xlv. fig. 6
(1890). Fi
Coluber constrictor, var. mentovarius, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 42
(1883).
Snout rather prominent. Rostral broader than deep, the portion
visible from above about one third as long as its distance from the
frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal not or
but slightly broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds as
long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
as long as the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one
preocular, with a subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals
2+42; seven or eight upper labials, fourth, sixth, and seventh (or
fifth, seventh, and eighth) very large, fourth or fifth entering the
eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and separated from
each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals very
obtusely angulate, 185-202; anal divided; subcaudals 111-113.
Olive above, this colour extending to the outer ends of the ventrals ;
ill-defined yellowish lines on the sides ; sides of head marbled olive
and yellow ; belly yellow, anterior ventrals with two series of olive
spots.
Mexico and Guatemala.
a. d (V. 196; C.113). San Geronimo, Vera O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
Paz.
b. 9 (V. 185: C.?). Rio Chisoy. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
e. Skull. Mexico.
8. Zamenis flagelliformis.
Natrix flagelliformis, part., Zawr. Syn. Rept. p. 79 (1768).
Coluber flagellum, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. ii. pl. liv. (1771). :
flagelliformis, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 380 (1803); Holbr. N. Am.
Herp. p. 107, pl. xix. (1886); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p- 42 (1883).
testaceus, Say, in Long’s Exped. Rocky M. ii. p. 48 (1823) ;
Harlan, Journ. Ac. Philad. vy. 1827, p. 348, and Med. Phys. Res.
p. 118 (1835) ; Holbr, N. Am. Herp. (2nd ed. ), ill. p. 68, pl. xiii.
(1842) ; Garm, Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 107.
390 COLUBRID &.
Herpetodryas psammophis, Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 195 (1837), and
Abbild. pl. xliv. figs. 21-24 (1844).
Psammophis flagelliformis, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. (2nd ed.) iv. p. 11,
pl. ii. (1842).
flavigularis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 178, and in
Sitgreave’s Exped. Zuni § Colorado Riv. p. 131, pl. xi. (1853).
Masticophis flagelliformis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 98
(1853) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 20, pl. vi. (1867).
flavigularis, Baird § Gir. Ll. ec. p. 99, and in Marcy's Explor.
Red Riv. p. 230 (1855).
Herpetodryas flagelliformis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 210 (1854); Guinth.
Cat. p. 118 (1858).
flavigularis, part., Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 118.
Drymobius flagelliformis, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1360, p. 561.
testaceus, Cope, l. c.
Bascanium flagelliforme, Cope, Check-List N. Am. Rept. p. 40
(1875), and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 625.
flagelliforme bicinctum, Yarrow, Proc. US. Nat. Mus.-v. 1888,
p. 155.
? Bascanium piceum, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 625.
Snout rather prominent. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the
portion visible from above one third or one half as long as its
distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the prae-
frontals ; frontal not, or but slightly, broader than the supraocular,
once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as
or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long
as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as long as
deep or deeper; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two
postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth
and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with
the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer
than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales
smooth, in 17 (or 19?) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate, 182—
211; anal divided; subcaudals 80-112. Yellowish brown to black
above, yellow inferiorly ; gular and anterior ventral regions usually
with two brown or reddish stripes cr series of spots.
Total length 1700 millim. ; tail 380.
Southern United States and North Mexico.
a8 (Valse Cy e2). Brownsville, Texas. Smithsonian Instit.
EPs:
b-ce. 9, skin (V. 199; Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq.
C. 92), & head. peal:
iB ey elrein (\YG Igube Texas.
C. 109).
é. Yo., ‘skin .(Wi7 L625 Nuevo Leon. W. Taylor, Esq.
C. 107). [C.].
f. @ CV. 202; C: 110). N. America. E. Doubleday, Esq.
lait
9. Zamenis teniatus.
Leptophis teniata, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p.181, and in
Sitgreave’s Exped. Zuni § Colorado Riv. p. 133, pl. xii. (1853).
54. ZAMENIS. 391
Masticophis taniatus, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 103 (1853),
and Rep. Explor. Surv. R. R. x., Rept. pl. xxiii. (1859) ; Jan, Icon.
Gén. 22, pl. v. (1867).
ornatus, Baird § Gir. 1. c. pp. 102, 159.
schotti, Baird § Gir. l.c. p. 160.
Leptophis lateralis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 237, and
Rep. Explor. Surv. R. R. x., Rept. p. 13, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1859).
Herpetodryas flavigularis, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 118 (1858).
Drymobius teeniatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 561.
aurigulus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 301.
Masticophis bilineatus, Jan, /. c. pl. vi. fig. 2.
Bascanium teniatum, Cope, Check-List N. Am. Rept. p. 40 (1875) ;
Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 703, pl. xlv. fig. 5, & xlviii. fig. 8
(1890); Cope, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 629.
aurigulum, Cope, /. ec.
teniatum laterale, Yarrow, Wheeler’s Rep. v. p. 543 (1875).
Coluber tzeniatus, Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 46 (1883).
Bascanium laterale, Bocourt, l. ce. p. 706, pl. xlviii. fig. 6; Cope, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 628.
semilineatum, Cope, /. c. p. 626.
schottii, Cope, l. ce. p. 629.
ornatum, Cope, l. c. p. 629.
Snout rather prominent. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the
portion visible from above not quite half as long as its distance from
the frontal ; internasals as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ;
frontal not or but slightly broader than the supraocular, once and a
half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as or a little
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or
slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one
preocular, with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals
2+42; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four
or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and separated from
each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 15 or 17 rows. Ventrals
very obtusely angulate laterally, 196-209; anal entire or divided;
subeaudals 115-157. Brown or blackish above, striped with lighter.
Total length 1330 millim. ; tail 410.
Southern United States, west of the Mississippi; Northern
Mexico.
A. Sides with black or reddish-brown and yellow longitudinal lines ;
belly uniform yellow. (JL. teniata, Hallow.)
a. 6 (Sc. 17; V. 199; C. 182). N. America.
6. go (Se. 17; V. 196; C. 134). Presidio, Mexico. Mr. A. Forrer [C.].
B. Sides with black and yellow longitudinal lines ; belly mottled with
grey, with a yellowish stripe on each side. (M. ornatus, B. & G.)
ec. Ad., skin (Sc. 15; V. 203; Coahuila, Mexico. W. Taylor, Esq.
C. 141). [C.].
392 COLUBRID.
C. Blackish above, with a yellow stripe along each side of the back ;
belly uniform yellow. (JZ. lateralis, Hall.)
d. & (Se. 17; V. 199; C. 115). Los Angelos, Cali- Mr. Gruber [C.}.
fornia.
10. Zamenis pulcherrimus.
Masticophis pulcherrimus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 65.
Drymobius pulcherrimus, Cope, Bull. US. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887,
p: 70; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 725, pl. xlix. fig. 3 (1890),
Snout moderately projecting, obtuse. Rostral as deep as broad,
the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance
from the frontal; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ;
frontal not wider than the supraocular, about twice as long as broad,
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as
the parietals; loreal much longer than deep (in one specimen
divided into two); one preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals
2+42,; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye;
five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior
chin-shields longer than the anterior, and separated from each other
by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals very obtusely angu-
late laterally, 191-205 ; anal divided; subcaudals 183-152. Dark
olive above, with three whitish stripes, anteriorly olive with four
black stripes; a black stripe on each side of the head, passing
through the eye; upper lip and lower parts white.
Total length 1110 millim. ; tail 570.
Tehuantepec.
a-b. 9 (V. 201; C. 133) Tehuantepec. F, Sumichrast [C.}.
& yg. (V. 191; C. 134).
e-d. 3 (V. 194: C.?) & City of Tehuantepec. Dr. A.C. Buller [C.].
2 (V. 198; €. 139).
11. Zamenis mexicanus.
Zamenis mexicanus, Dum. § Babr. vii. p. 695 (1854); Bocourt, Miss.
Sc. Mexr., Rept. p. 664, pl. xlvi. fig. 5 (1888).
Masticophis-~mexicanus, Jan, Elenco, p. 65 (1863), and Icon. Gén.
22, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1867).
Phimothyra mexicana, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 167.
Lytorhynchus mexicanus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879,
. 266.
Galabes mexicanus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 45 (1883).
Salvadora mexicana, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 72,
and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 619.
Snout moderately projecting, obtuse. Rostral a little deeper than
broad, the portion visible from above nearly as long as its distance
from the frontal; internasals a little shorter than the preefrontals ;
frontal scarcely wider than the supraocular, once and two thirds as
long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the
snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one or two
preoculars ; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2,; nine
upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower
54. ZAMENIS. 393
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-
shields a little longer than the anterior, and separated from each
other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals obtusely
angulate laterally, 184-190; anal divided; subcaudals 127-135.
Body pale brown anteriorly with black cross bands; the greater
part of the body black, with three yellowish longitudinal bands ;
head yellowish brown above, the shields edged with black; a black
band along each side of the head, passing through the eye, con-
nected with its fellow by a black band across the occiput ; lower
parts uniform yellowish.
. Total length 1220 millim. ; tail 400.
Mexico.
a.$(V.188;C.?). Mexico. M. Sallé [C.].
b. Hgr. (V. 184; Tierra Colorado, Guerrero, Mr. H. H. Smith [C.];
C. 127). F. D. Godman, Esq. | P.].
12. Zamenis grahami.
Salvadora grahamie, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. pp. 104, 161
(1853), and US. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii., Rept. p. 21, pl. v. fig. 2
(1859) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 1, pl. iii. tig. 1 (1860); Giinth. Ann. §
Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 349; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 38
(1883) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 661, pl. xhii. fig. 2
(1888) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 619.
bairdi, Jan, l. c. fig. 2; Bocourt, l.c. p. 662, fig. 3; Duges,
La Naturaleza, (2) 1. 1888, p. 124; Cope, l. e.
Phimothyra grahami, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 300, and
1883, p. 14.
bairdii, Cope, 7. c.
hexalepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 304.
Snout projecting, truncate. Rostral deeper than broad, its
lateral borders more or less distinctly detached, the portion visible
from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the
frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal a little
broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long
as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long
as the parietals; loreal a little lopger than deep, sometimes with
one or two detached ones below; one preocular (rarely two), not
in contact with the frontal, with a small subocular below it ; two or
three postoculars ; temporals 1+2, 2+2, or 2+3,; eight or nine
upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth* (rarely fifth or
sixth only) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or shorter
than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales
smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 175-206;
anal divided; subcaudals 75-108. Above with two dark olive
stripes, separated by an orange, yellow, or pale olive one; a nar-
rower dark olive lateral streak ; head brown above ; the dark bands
* Spec. a has eight labials on the left side and nine on the right; spec. g
has nine on both sides; the other specimens in the collection haye eight labials.
j94 COLUBRID.
may extend on the sides of the head, passing through the eyes;
upper lip and lower parts yellowish white (salmon-colour in life).
Total length 1140 millim.; tail 290.
California and Nevada to Western Texas and Mexico.
a. Her. (V. 195; C. 108). San Bernardino, Mr. A. Forrer [C.}.
California.
b-c. § (V. 174; C. 95) & Mexico. M. Sallé [C.].
@ (V. 180; C. 94).
a. 3 (V. 187; ©.108): Hacienda El Flo- Dr. A. C. Buller [C.].
rencio, Zacatecas.
e. Her. (V. 193; C. 99). Hacienda del Hobo, P. Geddes, Esq. [P.].
S. Mexico.
f. Her. 2 (V. 182; C. 93). Amula, Guerrero, Mr. H. H. Smith [C.] ;
8000 ft. F. D. Godman, Esq. [ P. }.
Gia Vis 19230. 97 )e S. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq. | P. |.
13. Zamenis spinalis.
Masticophis spinalis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 91.
Zamenis bocourti, Jan, Nouv. Arch. Mus. ii. 1866, Bull. p. 6.
cataphronotus, ‘Jan, Icon. Gén. 238, pl. ii. fig. 2 “Ss67);
David, Journ. N. China Br. As. Soc, vii. 1873, p. 297,
spinalis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) Ix. 1872, payee
Strauch, Voy. Przewaski, Rept. p. 46, pl. viii. (1876).
Coluber spinalis, Garm. NV. Am. Rept. p. 45 (1883).
Snout very prominent, rather pointed. Rostral nearly as deep as
broad, the portion visible from above measuring one third to two fifths
its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ;
frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad,
a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as
the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one preocular, separated from
or just touching the frontal, with a small subocular below it ; two
postoculars; temporals 142, 2+ 2, or 2+ 3; eight (exceptionally nine)
upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye ;
five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior
chin-shields as long as or slightly longer than the anterior, and
separated from each other by small scales. Scales smooth, in 17
rows. Ventrals very indistinctly angulate laterally, 180-203 ; anal
divided; subcaudals 85-99. Pale olive above; a yellow, dark-
edged vertebral streak, commencing on the frontal shield ; posterior
part of body with several dark longitudinal streaks; labials, pre-
and postoculars yellow ; lower parts yellow, with a blackish streak
or series of blackish spots along the outer ends of the shields.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 240.
Mongolia, Corea, China, Siam.
a, OV. 1985 "Cr85): Corea. M. J. Kalinowski {C] ;
Branicki Museum LE. ak
b. 3 (V. 189; C. 99). Western Hills, near 8. W. Bushell, Esq.
Peking. We.
@ 6 (VY. 192; C:.90): N. China. A. Adams, Esq. [C.]
auc (Vv. 198; C. 90). Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [P.].
54. ZAMENIS. 395
14. Zamenis gemonensis.
Natrix gemonensis, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 76 (1768).
Coluber caspius, Iwan, Voy. en Russie, i. p. 317, pl. xxi. (1769).
viridiflavus, Lacép. Serp. Bs 86 (1789) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 292
(1803) ; Desmarest, Faun. Frang., Rept. pl. vi. (1826) ; Bonap.
Icon. Faun. Ital. (1833) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 180, pl. iv.
figs. 11 & 12 (1837); De Betta, Erp. Veron. p. 203 (1857).
vulgaris, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Ophiol. p. 28 (1790).
communis, Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 208 (1798).
sardus, Suckow, Anfangsgr. d. Naturg. iii. p. 224 (1798).
—— luteostriatus,Gmel. Der Naturf. xxviii. 1799, p. 170, pl. iii. fig. 2.
—— jugularis, Georgi, Beschr. Russ, R. iii. p. 1882 (1800).
petalarius, Georgi, l. c. p. 1883.
atrovirens, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 449 (1802); Metaxra, Mon. Serp.
Rom. p. 36 (1823).
personatus, Daud. op. cit. viil. p. 324, pl. C. fig. 2 (1803) ;
Lesson, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xii. 1841, p. 59, pl. i111.
trabalis, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 42 (1811) ; Rathke, Mém.
Sav. Etr. Ac. St.-Pétersb, iii. 1837, p. 308, pl. i. fig. 8; Nordm. im
Demidoff, Voy. Russ. Mér. iii. p. 844, Rept. pl. v. (1840).
glaucoides, Millet, Faune de Maine et Loire, i. p. xvi (1828).
— acontistes, Pall. l. c. p. 45.
— thermalis, Pall. l. e. p. 44.
erythrogaster, Fisch. de Waldh. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. iv. 1882,
p- 574.
Bothriophis erythrogaster, Eichw. Reise Kasp. Meer. i. pt. 2, p. 748
(1837).
Coluber viridiflavus, var. carbonarius, Bonap. Mem. Acc. Tor. (2) ii.
1839, p. 435.
Heemorrhois trabalis, Bonap. l. c. p. 484; Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Caue.
p- 115 (1841).
Ceelopeltis erythrogastra, Erchw. l. c. p. 12Y.
Zamenis viridiflavus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 686 (1854) ; Viaud-
Grandmarais, Et. Serp. Vend. p. 16 (1868); Fatto, Vert. Suisse,
iii. p. 185 (1872) ; De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 41 (1874) ;
Schreib. Herp. Eur. p. 267 (1875); Jan, Icon, Gén. 48, pl. vi.
figs. 4-7 (1876); Lataste, Herp. Gur, p. 158 (1876) ; Leydig, Abh.
Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 180; R. Martin, Bull. Soc. H. N. Ouest
France, ii. 1892, p. 149.
—— trabalis, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 689; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R.
p- 116 (1878).
—— atrovirens, Giinth. Cat. p. 101 (1858).
Tyria atrovirens, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 538.
? Bascanium anthicum, Cope, l. ¢.
Zamenis caspicus, Jan, op. cit. 25, pl. i. (1867).
—- gemonensis, Schreth. l. c. p. 272; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc, Nat.
Mose. lvi. 1882, p. 293; Boettg. Sitzb. Ak. Berl, 1888, p. 173;
Camerano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Colubr. p. 41 (1891).
caspius, Blanf. Zool. EL. Pers. p. 417 (1876).
viridiflavus, vars. asiana et carbonaria, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges.
1879-80, p. 151.
Snout moderately prominent, obtuse. Rostral a little broader
than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to
two fifths its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or
shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal not or but little broader than
the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as
396 COLUBRID.
long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer ;
one preocular (rarely two), never in contact with the frontal; a
small subocular below the preocular; two (rarely three) postocu-
lars; temporals 2+3 or 242; eight upper labials, fourth and
fifth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields usually longer
than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales
smooth, in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals more or less indistinctly angu-
late laterally, 190-250; anal divided ; subcaudals 87-130. Colo-
ration very variable.
Total length 1790 millim. ; tail 500.
A. Forma typrca.—Young pale olive above, the head black with
yellow markings. Some adults preserve the pale coloration of
the young, whilst others are dark green or black, with yellow
spots or longitudinal streaks, &c.; the tail usually striated
black and yellow; belly yellow or greenish white, uniform or
with small dark dots. Melanotie specimens have been named
Z. carbonarius, Bp., and Z. sardus, Suckow.
France, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Illyria, Dalmatia, and Greece.
a. & (Sc. 19; V. 205; Leffond, Haute- Dr. F. Mocquard [P.].
C. 110). Saodne, France.
b. 6 (Se. 19; V. 200; Turin. Prof. Bonelli [ P.].
G. 104).
c-d,e,f,g. & (Se. 19,19, Bologna. Prof. J. J. Bianconi [P. }.
19,17; V. 203, 218, 208,
200; C. 118, 113, 104,
H1ON& ye. (Seul9s; Vi
219; C. 100).
h. Yg. (Se. 17; V. 210; Ferrieare, Apen- Prof. G. B. Howes [P. ].
C. 98). nines.
t-k. Hgr. (Se. 19; V.217; Rome. W. C. Trevelyan, Esq.
C. 110) & yg. (Se. 19 ; Ps,
V. 210; C. 94).
i-n,o. 2 (Se. 19, 19,19, Naples. Dr. F. 8. Monticelli [E.}.
17; V. 215, 213, 214,
211; C. 109, 87,113, 113).
p-s. Sd (Se. 19; V. 196; Syracuse. Lord Lilford [P.}.
C.118) & 9 (Se. 19,19,
19; V. 204, 205, 206 ;
Coda 98 1):
#i Her. (Sc. 19; V. 198; ‘Malta. J. Couch, Esq. [P.].
C. 101).
and ise: LO) Vie wile Cerigo Island. Dr. Forsyth Major [P.].
C. 109).
vy. Skull. France.
B. Var. casprus, Iwan (trabalis, Pall., erythrogaster, Fisch.).—Grey
or pale olive above, each scale with a yellowish or pale brown
longitudinal streak ; with or without black spots ; belly uniform
orange or red.
S.E. Europe, Transcaucasia, N.W. Persia.
a6 (Sc. 19; V. 2035 ‘C. P): Greece.
54. ZAMENIS. 397
b. Q (Se. 19; V. 206; C. 100). Zargoom, Persia.
o- (Se. 19; V. 194; C. 101). P
Chatham Museum.
C. Var. astanus, Boettg.—Brown or olive above, each scale with a
longitudinal light streak, and usually with large black spots
relieved by yellowish shafts; belly red, spotted or dotted with
black. | Melanotic specimens, entirely black with the chin
and throat yellow, variegated with red, are frequent.
Asia Minor, Rhodes, Cyprus, Syria.
@ 9 (Sc. 79);) ¥. 202 ; Budrum, Ruins of | H.M.S. ‘ Supply.’
C. 105). Halicarnassus.
b-d, e-h,i-k. $ (Se.17,19, Cyprus. Lord Lilford [P.}.
19, 19, 19; V. 203, 205,
204, 201, 204; C. 131,
112, °118, 111, ?) & 9
(Se. 19, 19, 19, 19)s: V..
211, 206, aoG, 205 ; (BL
105, 103, 113, ?).
i. 3 (Se. 19; V. 202; C. ?). Cyprus. Dr. C. E. Cullen [P.].
m. 2 (Se. 19 ; V. 212; Palestine. Canon Tristram [C. ].
C. 107).
n,o-p. 9 (Se. 19; V.205; Merom. Canon Tristram [C.].
C. 105) & yg. (Se. 19,
19; V. 214, 209; C. 125,
115).
q, r- &d (Se. 19, 19; V. Galilee. Canon Tristram [C. ].
204, 209; C. 119, 122).
15. Zamenis dahlii.
Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. p. iv. fig. 4 (1829).
Tyria dahlii, Fitzing. N. Class, Rept. p. 60 (1826); Bonap. Icon.
Faun. Ital. (1837).
najadum, Lichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 174 (1831), and Faun. Casp.—
Caue. p. 115, pl. xxvii. (1842).
ocellata, Eichw. Zool. Spec, iii. p. 174,
Coluber ocellata, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 70 (1832).
Psammophis dahlii, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 215, pl. viii. figs, 12 &
13 (1837).
Zamenis dahli, Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 692 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 107
(1858) ; Strauch, Schi. Russ. R. p. 123 (1873); Schreib. Herp.
Eur. p. 264 (1875); Jan, Icon. Gén. 49, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1876);
Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 153; Lortet, ” Arch. Mus.
Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 185, pl. xix. fig. 4.
Body very slender ; head narrow; snout moderately prominent,
obtuse. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ;
internasals as long as or a little shorter than the preefrontals :
frontal not or but Tittle broader than the supraocular, once and two
thirds or once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as or longer
than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
loreal longer than deep; one preeocular, usually in contact with the
frontal, with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2
or 243 (rarely 1+ 2): eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or
fifth and sixth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact
398 COLUBRID.
with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields longer than the
anterior, and separated from each other by small scales. Scales in
19 rows, smooth, very narrow, with a single apical pit. Ventrals
very distinctly angulate laterally, 205-218; anal divided; sub-
caudals !8-132. Olive anteriorly, with a few black, white-edged
spots on each side, the anterior of which is sometimes confluent
with its fellow and formsa nuchal collar; head uniform olive-brown
above, labials, pree- and postoculars yellowish white; the greater
part of the body uniform pale olive, yellowish, or pale reddish
brown; uniform yellowish white inferiorly.
Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 340.
Southern Europe east of the Adriatic, Asia Minor, Transcau-
casia, North-western Persia, Syria, Lower Egypt.
Go KV. 210;°C. 114). Zara, Dalmatia. Count M. G. Peracca
RES:
b-c. Hgr. (V. 217; C. 126) Spalato, Dalmatia. Prof. Kolombatovic
& yg. (V. 2138; C. 114). [Pals
d,e. d (V. 213, 212; C. Dalmatia.
121, 126).
Herat. 210% C2127), Xanthus, Asia Minor. Haslar Collection.
g-h. 3 (V. 211,208; C. Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P.].
124, 132).
t. § (V.218; C.131). Budrum, Ruins of — H.M.S. ‘Supply.’
Halicarnassus.
k-l. Hgr. (V. 212, 205 ; Mt. Tabor. Canon Tristram [C. ].
Cre, Aix)
16. Zamenis rhodorhachis.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 106 (1858), and Zool.
Ree. 1872, p. 135 Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc, Beng. 1872, p. 130;
Blanf. Zool. E. B ers. p. 414 (1876).
rhodorachis, Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. in Pers. p. 356 (1865) ;
Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 632.
ladacensis, Anders. Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 16;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 326 (1890); W. L. Sclater, Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. 1x. 1891, p. 288.
Gonyosoma dorsale, Anders. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 895, fig.
Snout moderately projecting, obtuse. Rostral a little broader
than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth or
one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or
shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal anteriorly considerably
broader than the supraocular, about once and a half as long as
broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals; loreal usually longer than deep; one preeocular,
usually in contact with the frontal; a subocular below the pre-
ocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+3 (rarely 242); nine
upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye: four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-
shields longer than the anterior, separated from each other by
scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate
laterally, 214-262; anal divided; subeaudals 113-154. Greyish
54. ZAMENIS. 399
olive, uniform or with dark cross bands, which are very close
together ; a bright pink or red vertebral stripe sometimes present ;
whitish below, the end of each ventral with an olive or blackish
spot.
Total length 1150 millim.; tail 330.
Egypt, Arabia, Transcaspia, Syria, Persia, Baluchistan, Western
Himalayas.
A. A pink or red vertebral stripe. (Z. rhodorhachis, Jan,
G. dorsale, And.)
a-b. 3 (V.228; C. 133) & Shiraz, Persia.
ye: (V.217; C. 187).
c. 9 (V. 227; C. 125). Shiraz.
Saeed (hee | 7; C. 130). Bushire, Persia. Dr. Leith [P.].
B. No vertebral stripe. (Z. ladacensis, And.)
a. 9 (V. 248; C. ?). Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson|(P. }.
b. Hgr. (V. 262; C. 140). Beni Hassan, Upper M. W. Blackden, Esq.
Egypt. Pal
e. Hgr. (V. 257; C.154). Tel-el-Amarna, Upper Dr. J. Anderson and
Egypt. Prof. W. M. Flin-
ders Petrie [ P.].
d. Ugr. (V. 252; C. 189). Midian, N. Arabia. Major Burton [P.].
e
pen Ve 2209's CLP). Near Aden. Col. Yerbury [P.}.
JRA. Yg. (V. 226, 220, 226; Muscat. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
C. 128, 187, 136). Pe:
p,q. d(V. ee me 235, Muscat. A.S.G. Jayakar, Esq.
234; C.! 38, ? ;
i
(V. 233, 236, 230: C.2, 2,
133), & her. wi oe:
C. 140).
r. 9 (V. 225; C. 124). Dead Sea. Janon Tristram [C.}.
s-t. 9 (V. 223, 244; C. Ai Dara, W. Slope of M. C. Eylandt [C.].
113, P): Copet Daga, Trans-
caspia.
u. d (V. 218; C. 126). Bushire. Dr. Leith [P.].
v. 6 (V. 214; C. 127). South of Regan, 8.E. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Persia. r@al
w. Ye. (V.215; C.135. Kalagan, Baluchistan. W. T, Blanford, Esq.
C2):
v-y. 9 (V. 246,232; C. Western RhugtiHills, W.T. Blanford, Esq.
145, 135). N. of Shahpoor. EPS
2. Hgr. (V. 243; C.135). N.W. India. T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
Fins fPa:
a-B. 2 (V. 244; C.131) Gilgit. Col. Biddulph [ P.}.
& yg. (V. 225; C. 129).
. Zamenis ventrimaculatus.
Coluber essa Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool, ii. pl. \xxx. fig. 1
(1834
als Martin, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1838, p. 81.
diadema (non Schleg.), Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii.
1854, p. 291.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, var, A, Giinth. Cat. p. 105 (1858).
400 ' COLUBRID Z.
Platyceps semifasciatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxix. 1860,
114.
Al as ventrimaculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 253 (1864) ;
Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 82; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xliv. 1875, p. 208; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 169
(1876); Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 878 (1884) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 825 (1890).
persicus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 23, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1867).
Coluber (Platyceps) semifasciatus, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus.
1868, p. 52.
Gaiiaseeanns semifasciata, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix.
1870, p. 188; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 164.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, part., Blanf. Zool. L. Persia, p. 414 (1876).
Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral as deep as broad or a
little broader than deep, hollowed out beneath, the portion visible
from above not half as long as its distance from the frontal; inter-
nasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal
considerably broader than the supraocular, once and one fourth to
once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the °
end of the snout or slightly longer, shorter than the parietals ;
lorea] usually not longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with
the frontal; a small subocular below the preeocular; two post-
oculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+38; nine upper labials, fifth and
sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with
the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as or
longer than the anterior and separated by two series of scales.
Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals very distinctly
angulate laterally, 194-211; anal divided; subcaudals 82-119.
Greyish or olive above, usually with more or less marked transverse
dark bars which are narrower than the interspaces between them ;
a series of black spots on each side of the belly ; a black oblique
streak below the eye and another on the temple.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 230.
From the Euphrates through Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchis-
tan to Kashmere, the Punjab, Sind, Cutch, and Bombay.
a. 9 (V. 210; C.101). Euphrates. (Type of C. chesnez.)
b. & (Y. 209 ; C.106). Mesopotamia. Commander Jones
ORG
c-e. Yg. (V. 208, 210, 206; Fao, Persia. Wi D, Ouran,
C. 97, 104, 99). he
Sf. & (V. 204; C. 92). Bushire, Persia. Dr. Leith [P.].
g. & (V. 199; C. 82). Bushire, Persia.
A. 9, imperfect (V.?; C. Bezd, Afghanistan. Dr. J. Aitchison
116). [C.]. Afghan
Boundary Comm.
i-k. Yg. (V. 194,203; C. Gwadar, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford, Esq.
104, 110). (P.]. :
Ris (V. 211 -"Cmida). Between Kashmere A. A. Kinlech, Esq.
and Murree. (Pi
m. 9 (V.209; C.110). West of Jodhpur, Sind. se T. Blanford, Esq.
Ps,
nm. 2 (V. 208; C. 108). Kurrachee. Dr. Lbth (Ps
o. Hgr. (V.200; C.102). | Kurrachee. Kurrachee Mus. ! E. }.
54. ZAMENIS. 401
p-s. 2 (V. 211; C. 108), Sind. Dr. Leith [P.].
hgr. (V. 210, 207; C.
106, 113), & yg. (V.
200; C. 95).
t-u. Hgr. (V. 208, 199; Sind. F. Day, Esq. [P.].
C110; ry.
v-w. 9 (V. 200; C. 113) N.W. India. T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
& yg. (V.. 190; C. 103). [P.].
xz. 9 (V. 206; C. 98). Bengal (??). Gen. Hardwicke [P.].
(Type. )
18. Zamenis karelinii.
Coluber (Tyria) karelinii, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersh. iii. 1838,
. 243.
Cheristodon brachycephalus, Severzow, Voy, Turkest. p. 72 (1873).
Zamenis karelinii, Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 110, pl. iii. (1873) ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 326 (1890).
ventrimaculatus, part., Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 414 (1878).
ventrimaculatus, var. karelinii, Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii, 1883,
p. 928.
Snout more or less pointed, projecting, with sharp canthus and
nearly vertical lores; rostral as deep as broad, deeply hollowed out
beneath, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its
distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals ;
frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals;
loreal as deep as long or a little deeper than Jong; one preocular,
in contact with the frontal; a small subocular below the pre-
ocular ; two postoculars, with a larger subocular below them; rarely
a third subocular completely separates the eye from the labials;
temporals 2+3; nine upper labials, fifth normally entering the
eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-
shields; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, but
extremely narrow and separated from each other by two or three
series of scales. Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals
angulate laterally, 193-212; anal divided; subcaudals 85-110.
Yellowish or pale grey above, with a dorsal series of transverse
black spots or cross bands, between each pair of which there is,
on each side, a black lateral spot extending on the outer border of
the ventrals ; a black spot below the eye and another on the temple;
lower parts white or pink. A variety is uniform pale greyish above,
with a bright orange vertebral stripe.
Total length 720 millim.; tail 195.
Transcaspia, Turkestan, Persia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan.
A. Above with dark spots.
a. 2 (V. 208; C. 96). Krasnowodsk. St. Petersburg Mus.
[E.].
b. Yg.(V. 207; C. 99). Kila-i-Fath, Seistan. Gen. Goldsmid [P.}.
VOL. I. 2D
402 COLUBRID.
e. 6 (V. 202; C. 102). Karman, S.E. Persia. W.T. Blanford, Esq.
d. Ye. (V. 200; C. 105). Helmund River. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.}.
Afghan Boundary
Commission.
e-f. 2 (V. 206, 209; C. Between Tirphul and Dr. J. Aitchison [C.].
86, 106). Kilki. Afghan Boundary
Commission,
g. 3 (V. 198; C. 98). Candahar. Col. Swinhoe [P.}.
B. Pale greyish with a bright orange vertebral stripe.
h. 9 (V. 206; C. 109). New Gulran. Dr. J. Aitchison [C’}.
Afghan Boundary
Commission.
19. Zamenis elegantissimus.
Zamenis elegantissimus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 977,
pl. Ix.
Snout strongly projecting, obtusely pointed. Rostral a little
broader than deep, deeply hollowed out beneath, the portion visible
from above nearly one third as long as its distance from the frontal ;
internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals: frontal much
wider than the supraocular, once and one fourth as long as broad,
as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than
the parietals ; loreal square or a little longer than deep; two pre-
oculars, upper in contact with the frontal, with one or two sub-
oculars below them; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 2+3; eight
upper labials, fifth, or fourth and fifth, entering the eye ; five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-
shields nearly as long as the anterior, separated from each other by
two series of scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals very ob-
tusely angulate laterally, 197-200 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 79-83.
Pale olive above, with a bright orange vertebral line, interrupted
by broad black cross bands, which descend on to the sides of the
belly and form complete rings round the tail; head with two black
cross bands, the anterior on the frontal and supraoculars and passing
through the eyes, the second across the parietals ; belly yellowish.
Total length 690 millim. ; tail 160,
Arabia.
a. 2 (V. 197; C. 79). Mountains east of El Major Burton [P.}.
Muwavylah, Midian. (Type.)
6. 2 (V. ca. 200; C.83). Sinaitic Peninsula. A. H. Hart, Esq.
(ee
20. Zamenis florulentus.
? Coluber euttatus (non Linn.), Forsk. Descr. Anim. p. 14 (1775).
? Coluber cahirinus, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1115 (1788).
Coluber florulentus, Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 146 & 151,
iS et
g. Yg. (V.219; C. 94).
54+, ZAMENIS, 403
pl. vill. fiz. 2 (1809); Savigny, op. cit., Suppl. pl. iv. fig. 3 (1829) ;
Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 166 (1837).
Zamenis florulentus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 693 (1854); Jan, Icon.
Gén, 48, pl. vi. tig. 4 (1876).
ventrimaculatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 105 (1858).
dahlii, part., Giinth. 1. ec. p. 107.
Snout long, moderately projecting, obtuse; eve smaller than in
the allied species. Rostral once and one fourth to once and one
third as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring
one third or one fourth its distance from the frontal; internasals as
long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals, as long as broad or
a little longer; frontal anteriorly much hroader than the supra-
ocular, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as
long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one (rarely
two) preocular, in contact with the frontal, with one or two sub-
oculars below: two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 243; nine
upper labials, fifth and sixth usually entering the eye; four or five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior
chin-shields as long as or a little longer than the anterior, very
narrow and separated from each other by two or three series of
scales. Scales smooth, in 21 rows (rarely 23, specs. h and p).
Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 201-228; anal divided; sub-
caudals 82-100. Greyish or brownish olive above, with blackish
square spots disposed quincuncially; nape and anterior part of
body with a dorsal series of blackish cross bars and two alternating
series of spots on each side; head with more or less distinct sym-
metrical dark markings; some specimens uniform olive; labials
yellowish, usually each with a blackish spot; ventrals yellowish
white or coral-red, with a blackish spot at each end, rarely
obscured with brown dots.
Total length 1090 millim. ; tail 220.
Egypt.
92,93), 2 (V. 228; C,
89), & yg. (V. 201; C.
a, b-d. 3 (V. 212,218; C. Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson (ESE
98).
e. Yg. (V. 211; C. 90). Egypt. J. Burton, Esq. [ P.}.
f. Her. (V. 208; C.91). Egypt. Zoological Society,
Egypt.
h-m. & (V. 210, 218; C. Abu-Roash, W. of Dr. J. Anderson [P.’,
P, 98) & QO (V. 216, Cairo.
222,217; C. 86, 100,
82).
n, Yg. (V. 220; C. 88). Pyramids of Gizeh. Dr, J. Anderson [P. ].
o. 9 (V.211; C. 95). Tel- el - Amarna, Dr. J. Anderson and
Upper Egypt. Prof.W.M.Flinders
Petrie [P.}.
pu Ye. (V: 214; C. P). Assiout, Upper Egypt. Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
y-r. 2 (V. 212; C. 94) Luxor. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}.
& yg. (V. 208; C. 97).
2D2
404 COLUBRID.
Reveals C. 87), Assouan. Dr. J. Anderson | P.}.
t. Yg. (V. 215; C.95). Assouan. O. Charlton, Esq. ©
dE
21. Zamenis gracilis.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, var. B, Giinth. Cat. p. 106 (1858).
gracilis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 125, and
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 254, pl. xxi. fig. H (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 170 (1876); Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 378 (1884) ;
Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 327 (1890).
Tyria gracilis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 388.
Snout obtuse. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, just visible from
above; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that
between the prefrontais; frontal about once and a half as long as
broad, slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal nearly as deep as long; one
preocular, with a small subocular below it; two postoculars ; tem-
porals 2+2,; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye;
four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior,
separated anteriorly by two scales. Scales smooth, in 21 rows.
Ventrals angulate laterally, 206-228; anal divided; subcaudals
118-127. Yellowish above, with a series of large round brown
spots edged with black, separated by narrow interspaces; these
spots become more indistinct on the posterior part of the body; a
black cross band on the snout and three angular dark brown black-
edged bands on the head, the anterior between the eyes, the posterior
extending on the nape; lower parts yellowish, with an irregular
series of black spots on each side.
Total length 910 millim. ; tail 260.
Deccau and Sind.
a. OF (Vo2i3; C. 121): Deccan. Col Sykes [Pus
b-e. 9 (V. 222, 216; C. India. W. Masters, Esq. |
?, 120) & yg. (V. 206, (neal > (Types)
208; C. 127, 118). |
FeV. 228; C2118): —? Chatham Mus. 4
22. Zamenis fasciolatus.
Russell, Ind. Serp.i. pl. xxi. (1796).
Coluber fasciolatus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 528 (1802); Cantor, Cat. Mal.
Rept. p. 72 (1847).
hebe, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 885 (1803).
curvirostris, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 51.
Coryphodon fasciolatus, Ginth. Cat. p. 109 (1858).
Tyria fasciolata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.
Zamenis fasciolatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 254, pl. xxi. fig. F
(1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 431; Theob.
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 176 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 827 (1890).
54. ZAMBENIS. 405
Snout obtuse, curved and projecting. Rostral large, broader than
deep, the portion visible from above more than half its distance from
the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal ante-
riorly much broader than the supraocular, once and a quarter to
once and a half as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, or as the parietals; loreal as long as
deep or longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the
frontal, usually with a small subocular below it; two or three post-
oculars ; temporals 242 or 2+; eight upper labials, fourth and
fitth entering the eye; four or tive lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields nearly as long as the
anterior, separated from each other by two or three series of scales.
Scales smooth, in 21 or 23 rows, Ventrals 197-225; anal divided ;
subeaudals 73-92. Yellowish or brownish olive above, with narrow
white, brown, and black variegated cross bands on the anterior half
of the body ; these bands may entirely disappear in the adult ; lower
parts uniform yellowish.
otal length 106U millim.; tail 220,
Madras Presidency, Northern India, Province Wellesley (Malay
Peninsula).
a. Hgr. (V. 200; C. ?). Vizagapatam District. Dr. P, Russell.
b. Her. (V.197; C.88). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
aa
c. Yg. (V. 209; C.92). Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.].
d. Ye. (V. 212; C.82). Benares, Dr. Sayer [P. }.
gee. (V..220; C..77). Gwalior. C. Maries, Esq. [E.}.
f-g. & (V. 223,211; C. India. Zoological Society.
87, 7).
h. Ye. (V. 198; C. 87). Prov. Wellesley. Dr. Cantor.
23. Zamenis ravergieri.
Coluber ravergieri, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 69 (1852).
maculatus (non Merr.), Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist. Russ., Amphib.
p. 26 (1832).— Teste Strauch.
Zamenis caudeelineatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 104 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
23, pl. iii. (1867).
Periops caudeelineatus, Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 355
1865).
Fisscenie ravergierl, Strauch, Schlang. Russ. R. p.127 (1875) ; Blanf.
Zool. E. Pers. p. 417 (1876), and 2nd Yark, Miss., Rept. p. 22
(1878).
fedtschenkoi, Strauch, 7. c. p. 135, pl. iv.
ravergieri, var. fedtschenkoi, Loetty, Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888,
p- 927.
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral once and one third to
once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above
measuring one third or one fourth its distance from the frontal ;
internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ;
trontal anteriorly considerably broader than the supraocular, once
and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a
406
COLUBRID,
little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ora little longer; two pre-
oculars, with one or two suboculars below them ; upper preocular in
contact with the frontal, usually more than half as long as the
supraocular ; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals very small
and scale-like; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth entering
the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about as long as the anterior,
but narrower and separated from each other by two or three rows
of scales. Scales with a more or less distinct, obtuse, or faint keel,
in 2] (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 190-
222; anal divided ; subeaudals 75-101. Pale buff or greyish above,
with a dorsal series of dark rhomboidal spots or narrow cross bars,
alternating with a series of smaller spots on each side: the dorsal
spots usually confluent into longitudinal streaks on the tail; an
oblique dark streak below the eye, and another from the eye to the
angle of the mouth; head sometimes nearly entirely black, belly
uniform whitish or more or less obscured with blackish dots.
Total length 1330 millim. ; tail 320.
Transcaucasia, Persia, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Afghanistan.
a-c, d-e. 3 (Se. 21,21; Shiraz.
V, J97,. 194;,C.. 94,
90), Q (Sec. 21,21; V.
201, 210); -€. 95, 87);
& ye. (Se. 21; V. 192;
C.°89).
F. Sd (Se.21; V. 202; C.
101).
(Types of Z. caudolineatus.)
Debbid, Persia.
g. 2 (Se. 23; V.. 211; Kaman? W. T. Blanford, Esq.
C. 82 E
W.T. Blanford, Esq.
1 Oe):
he PASC 21. 209% C.
93).
A ATGiA SCs ole We 198);
Cree):
ke igr eo (Se, 2c Vi.
206; C. 82).
lam.) (Ser 21. 190);
C. 82) & yg. (Sc. 21;
VE 2065" C:-36).;
n. Her. (Se. 23; V. 218;
C.97):
5 QUAY
oleae
oo Vea
Ea
r. Her. (Se. 21 Vi. 201;
C. 84).
Kohrud, N. of Isfa-
han.
Ain Dara, W. slope of
Copet Dagh, Trans-
caspia.
Nuhar, W. slope of
Copet Dagh, Trans-
caspia.
Puli Hatun, Trans-
caspia.
Samaikand.
Zandra, Afghanistan.
Tirphul.
Kk).
M. C. Eylandt [C.].
M. C. Eylandt [C.}.
M. C. Eylandt [C.].
St. Petersburg Mus.
[K. |. (As typical of
Z. fedtschenko.)
Mr. J. A. Murray
peak
Dr. J. Aitchison [C.].
Afghan Boundary Commission.
Chin Kilak.
Dr. J. Aitchison [C.].
Afezhan Boundary Commission.
Old Gulran.
Dr. J, Aitchison [C. }.
Afghan Boundary Commission.
54, ZaMENIS. 407
24. Zamenis nummifer.
Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Rept., Suppl. pl. iv. fig. 6 (1809).
? Coluber tyria, Linn, Mus. Ad. Frid. ii. p. 45 (1764), and S. N. i.
p. 386 (1766).
? Coluber barbarus, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 537.
Coluber nummifer, Ztewss, Mus. Senckenb. i. p. 135 (1884).
Zamenis hippocrepis, var. ?, Giinth. Cat. p. 104 (1858).
Periops neglectus, Jan, Elenco, p. 60 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 48,
pl. iv. fig. 3 (1876).
Zamenis caudolineatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 489.
neglectus, F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges, Basel, vi. 1878, p. 667.
ravergierl, var. nummifer, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80,
. 154,
ba nummnifer, Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 633.
This form should perhaps be regarded as a variety of Z. raver-
giert rather than as a distinct species. It differs in having the
upper portion of the preocular smaller, the anterior pair of tempo-
-rals more enlarged, frequently a subocular separating the sixth
labial from the eye, and the scales in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals
197-216 ; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 79-101. Greyish or
pale olive above, with a dorsal series of large brown or olive black-
edged rhomboidal spots, and an alternating series of smaller ones on
each side ; these spots confluent into three longitudinal streaks on
the tail; head with symmetrical markings as in Z. ravergieri;
lower parts yellowish, speckled with brown; a series of blackish
spots along each side of the belly.
Total length 1030 millim.; tail 230.
Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Asia Minor.
a. 6 (Se. 23; V. 208; A. 2; Egypt. J. Burton, Esq. [P.].
C. 88).
b-c. 2 (Sc. 25; V.210; A.2; Jerusalem. Canon Tristram [C.].
C. 86) & yg. (Se. 25; V. 198;
Geeks ©. 8G). Pe Pe:
d. 3 (Sc. 25; V. 205; A.2; Hiram’s Tomb. Canon Tristram [C.j.
C. 82).
e. 9 (Sc. 25; V. 210; A. 2; Nazareth. Canon Tristram [C. }.
C. 82).
ft. 6 (Se. 23, 25; V. 204, Cyprus. Lord Lilford [ P.].
Dis AQ 2, 15 C. 79,84),
(Se. 205) V..21G; ALD;
C. 85), & yg. (Sc. 23 ; V. 209 ;
JN5 LUG AOR ste)
k-m. 6 (Se. 25; V. 205; A.1; Cyprus. Dr. ©. E. Cullen
C. 90) & @ (Sc. 25, 23; [P.].
V. 215, 205; A. 2,1; C.86,
83). J
n. 3d (Sc. 25; V. 206; A.1; Cyprus. R. L Kennyon, Esq.
C. 84). ails
o. Yg. (Sc. 28; V.199; A.2; Asia Minor. C. G. Danford, Esq.
Os?) Bi.
p. Yg. (Sc.28; V. 215; A.2; Xanthus. Sir C, Fellows [P.].
C, 92)
408 COLUBRID.
Gab eec es; VY. 203;A. 25 Xanthus, Haslar Collection.
ce 101).
mp. (sc, cos Vv. Loe ao IG Rhodes. C. G. Danford, Esq.
“6, ‘39). (Po.
25. Zamenis socotre.
Zamenis socotre, Giinth. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 468, pl. xli.
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral once and one third as
broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth
to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or
shorter than the prefrontals; frontal much wider than the supra-
ocular, once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance
from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal
nearly twice as long as deep; two proculars, separated from the
frontal, with a subocular below them ; two postoculars, and a subocu-
lar separating the eye from the sixth and seventh labials ; temporals
3+3 or 2+3,; ten upper labials, fifth entering the eye ; four or five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior
chin-shields longer than the anterior, but extremely narrow and
separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales
smooth, in 23rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate lateraily, 219-228 ;
anal divided; subcaudals 107-119. Head olive above; body with
olive, sometimes black-edged transverse bands, separated by narrower
yellowish or reddish interspaces ; belly yellowish or pale olive.
Total length 860 millim. ; tail 225.
Socotra.
: ae & Socotra. Prof. I. B. Balfour [C.].
17, 107). (‘Types.)
26. Zamenis algirus.
Zamenis florulentus (zon Se ), Gervais, Mém. Ac. Sc. Montpellier,
iii, 1857, p. 512, pl. v. fig. 4
ofS] Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 63 (1862),
Pexiops algira, Jan, Elenco, p. 60 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 48, pl. iv.
fio. 2 (1876).
Zamenis (Periops) algirus, Boetty. in Kolelt, Reis. Alg. Tunis, p. 459
(1885).
algirus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 147; Konig, Sitzb.
Mederrhein. Ges. Nat. 1892, p.; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 19.
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral slightly broader than
deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the pree-
frontals; frontal anteriorly considerably broader than the supra-
ocular, about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the
parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, in con-
tact with the frontal, with a subocular below it; two postoculars
and a subocular ; temporals 2+38; nine upper labials, fifth or sixth
usually entering the eye, but sometimes separated by an additional
54, ZAMENIS. 409
subocular; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior, narrow
and separated from each other by two or three series of scales.
Scales smooth, in 25 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate
laterally, 214-232; anal divided or entire; subcaudals 87-104.
Pale olive or greyish above, with three alternating series of blackish
transverse bars, and a series of black spots along each side of the
belly ; amore or less distinct blackish crescentic band on the nape,
extending to the sides of the throat; a blackish spot below the eye ;
lower parts white.
‘Total length 940 millim, ; tail 230.
Algeria and Tunisia.
a. gf (V. 215; A.2; C.99). Tozeur, Tunisia. M. F. Lataste [P.].
b. Yg. (V. 214; A. 1; C. 92). Houmt-es-Souk, M. F. Lataste et
Djerba, Tunisia.
e-d. & (V. 218; A.1;C.104) Duirat, Tunisia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
& 2 (V. 231; A. 2; C. 87).
e. Yo. (V. 222; A.2; C.99). ——P
27. Zamenis hippocrepis.
Coluber hippocrepis, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 36, pl. xvi. fig. 2
(1754), and S. N. i. p. 888 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 249 (1803) ;
Bonap. Icon. Faun, Ital. (1885); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 164,
pl. vi. figs. 15 & 16 (1837).
domesticus, Linn. S. N, i. p. 889; Daud. t.c. p. 242.
Natrix hippocrepis, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 77 (1768).
bahiensis, Wagl. in Spor, Serp. Bras. p. 27, pl. x. fig. 1 (1824).
Periops hippocrepis, Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. xxxi. (1830) ; Guichen.
Explor, Se. Alg., Rept. p. 19 (1850); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 675
(1854) ; De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 40 (1874) ; Schretb.
Herp. Eur, p. 260 (1875) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 48, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1876) ;
Camerano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Colubr, p. 48 (1891).
Calopeltis hippocrepis, Lichw. N. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. ix. 1851,
. 441.
ee hippocrepis, Giinth. Cat. p. 103 (1858); Strauch, Erp.
Alg. p. 61 (1862); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. ix. 1874, p. 157,
xii, 1831, p, 374, xiii. 1883, p. 100, and in Kobelt, Reis. Alg.
Tunis, p. 459 (1885) ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 147.
Tyria hippocrepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.,
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral once and one third to
once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above
measuring about one third its distance from the frontal; internasals
as long as or a little shorter than the pretrontals; frontal con-
siderably broader than the supraocular, once and one fourth to
once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than
its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals,
and in contact with the preocular ; loreal longer than deep ; one or
two preoculars; two postoculars; a series of three or four sub-
oculars usually completely separates the eye from the labials;
temporals 2+3 or 3+38; eight or nine (rarely ten) upper labials,
410 COLUBRID.
fifth or sixth very rarely entering the eye; four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields longer
than the anterior, narrow and separated from each other by two or
three series of scales. Scales perfectly smooth, in 25 to 29 rows,
usually 27. Ventrals very distinctly angulate laterally, 222-258 ;
anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 77-107. Brown, reddish,
or pale olive above, with a dorsal series of large dark brown, black-
edged rhomboidal spots, on each side of which is a series of smaller,
alternating spots ; these spots may be black and so large as to reduce
the ground-colour toa mere chain or series of X’s of pale colour ; a dark
cross band between the eyes, and a A- or horseshoe-shaped band on
the back of the head, which may be confluent with an elongate spot
on the nape; the spots confluent into three longitudinal streaks on
the tail; yellowish or red inferiorly, with or without black dots,
but constantly with a lateral series of black spots.
Total length 1340 millim. ; tail 270.
Spain and Portugal, Coes: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia.
ese eg: Vccees ON, Gibraltar. College of Surgeons.
©) ?),
O yOa(se./205) V.-232 3 AC 25) Spam: Lord Lilford [ P.}.
C. 107)
c. Ye. (Se. 27; V. 228; A. 2; Portugal. Dr. A. Farre [P.].
C. 100)
d-e. 5 (Sc.27; V.235; A.2; Cagliari,Sar- Count M. G. Peracca
C.87) & yg. (Sc. 25; V. 229; dinia. esas
yeaa OFS) 0) Pa
Pomoc. 205. Vs 220 5. Anno eee Mopador, Zoological Society.
C. ?).
ucunsc. 21s N.c2205 Avs li angie: Mr. Fraser [C.].
C. 92).
h-k. Ee On(SC..275- NV... 2025) Ap banpier: Mr. H. Vaucher [C.].
NSIC 90) & ye..(se. 27,
Bie rola coe 5 AAG Dy Dis
i. Her. (Sc. 27; V. 249; A.2; Hamman Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
C. 89). Meskoutine,
Algeria.
m. Ye. (Se. 27; V. 225; A.2; Alpiers: Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
= 88).
a ee(se. 275 Vi2ers A. Deen Loris: Mr. Fraser [C.].
“©. 00 ye
o. Her., skel. Mogador. C. A. Payton, Esq.
jie:
p. Skull. Algeria.
28. Zamenis dorri.
Periops dorri, Zataste, Le Natur. 1888, p. 227.
Head very distinct from neck, with broadly rounded snout.
Rostral broad, just visible from above; internasals slightly shorter
than. the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter
than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in
54. ZAMENIS. 411
contact with the frontal; two postoculars, with a subocular below ;
three anterior temporals; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth
entering the eye. Scales perfectly smooth, in 31 rows. Ventrals
distinctly angulate laterally, 245-254 ; anal divided; subcaudals 84.
Above greyish or reddish, with a dorsal series of X-shaped dark
spots, and, on each side, a series of light round spots; flanks with
small brown spots ; head with symmetrical dark markings.
Total length 735 millim. ; tail about one fifth of the total.
Bakel, Upper Senegal.
29. Zamenis diadema.
Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxx. (1801); Geoff. Descr. Egypte, Rept.
pl. viii. fig. 1 (1809).
Coluber versicolor (Opp.), Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 189 (1830).
diadema, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 148 (1837).
cliffordii, Schleg. 1. c. p. 1638, pl. vi. figs. 18 & 14.
Periops parallelus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 678 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
20, pl. ii. (1867). i
Zamenis clittordii, Giinth. Cat. p. 104 (1858) ; Strauch, Erp. Aly.
p- 61 (1862), and Schlang. Russ. R. p. 105 (1873); Blanf. Proce.
Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 679.
diadema, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 252, pl. xxi. fig. G (1864) ;
Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 174; Stoliezka, Proc. As. Soe.
Beng. 1872, p. 82 ; Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p.412 (1876), and Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xlviii. 1879, p. 125; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 377
(1884) ; Fischer, Jahresb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. ii. 1885, p. 102;
Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 925; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept.
p- 828 (1890), and Tr, Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 148.
Periops parallelus, var. schirazana, Jun, in De Filippi, Viagg. Pers.
p. 856 (1865).
Zamenis (Periops) versicolor, Boetty. in Kobelt, Reisen Alg. Tunis,
p- 458 (1885).
Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader than deep, visible
from above; prifrontals usually broken up into several shields,
there being frequently three transverse series of shields between the
rostral and the frontal; frontal once and one fourth to once and a
half as long as broad, as long as or slightly shorter than its distance
from the end of the snout, and usually shorter than the parietals ;
loreals three to five; two to four (rarely one) preoculars, the
upper usually in contact with the frontal; three or four postoculars ;
a series of suboculars separate the labials from the eye; temporals
small and numerous, scale-like ; ten to thirteen upper labials ; five
lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are
nearly as longas the posterior. Scales usually more or less obtusely
keeled, in 25 to 33 rows. Ventrals usually obtusely angulate
laterally, 210-278 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 65-110. Pale butf or
sandy grey above, with more or less marked dark spots, of which the
median usually form a series of rhombs ; lower parts white, rarely
with small blackish spots. A variety (atriceps, Fischer) oceurs in
Northern India, which is remarkable for having the head entirely
412
COLUBRID &.
or partially blask above, and the body irregularly spotted or
blotched with black (specs. a, y, 6, €).
Total length 1800 millim. ; tail 340.
North Africa, Southern Asia from Arabia to Turkestan, Cash-
mere and North-western India,
ab. S (Sc. 29, 29; V.. 222,
225; C. 68, 73).
fe Her, (Sc..3ls V. 248: C.2),
a
Oy
—
TM
ie)
bo
Or
<
bo
19% C.
he Flan aot I OP
74).
70).
7. 2.(Se: 29 V.. 238°C. 4
g-h. Yg. (Sc. 29, 29; V. 240,
216; U. 80, 75)
G (Sc. 27, 29; V.
tm.
(Se. 29;
n-0. 3 (Se.
& 2 (Se.
V. 244; ©. 70).
29; V. 222; C.77)
Doe Vietote Cor)
pg. ¢ (S8e.29; V. 221; C77)
& yg. (Se. 31; V. 225 C.?).
g. (Se. 27; V. 288; C. 78).
State te iS) (Cake ein eels
Op Orser als v.20,
& her. (Se.. 25%
Cro)
v. a (Se. 29; V. 230; C. 80).
my Pe (OSe: 31 V. 248; C. 86).
ey © (Se. 27; Vi. DAT ; C. 85)
& yy. (oe 25: V. 234; 0.84",
z. Ye. (Se. 27 ; V. 227; C. 88).
a. Her. (Se. 27 ;-V.
[Ei eye.
239 ; C. 87).
(Se. 27; V.
218 ; C. 90).
y. Yg. (Se. 27; V. 227; C. 82).
gr. (Sc. 29; V. 239 ; C. 90).
e. 5 (Se. 29; V. 220; C. 82).
N.W. Africa.
Between — Biskra
and = Tuggurt,
Algeria.
Duirat, Tunisia,
Tripoli.
Egypt.
Egypt.
Pyramids of Gizeh,
Egypt.
Beni Hassan,
Upper Egypt.
Tel-el-Amarna,
Upper Egypt.
Sandy Coast,
Midian, Arabia.
Muscat.
Persia.
Dehbeed, Persia.
Karman,8.E. Per-
sla.
Saman, Dasht,
Baluchistan.
Gwadar, Baluch-
istan.
Between Quetta
and Nushki,
Between Nushki
and the Helmund.
Tirphul.
Panch Pai.
Zoological Society.
Dr. J. Anderson
le aub
Dr. J. Anderson
(wer
Esq.
J. Ritchie,
PP
Sir J. Wilkinson
ai
[Pe
J. Burton, Esq.
(Pal
Dr. J. Anderson
[P.].
Dr. J. Anderson
and W.M. Black-
den, Esq. [P.].
Dr. J. Anderson
and Prof, W. M.
Flinders Petrie
|
(Pi.
Major Burton
[P.).
A. 8. G. Jayakar,
Esq. [P.].
W. T. Bilanford,
Esq. [C. ].
W. T. Blanford,
Ksq. [C...
. Blanford,
Dr. J. Aitchison
[C.]. Afghan
Boundary Com.
Dr. J. Aitchison
[C.]. Afghan
Boundary Com.
Dr. J. Aitchison
[C.]. Afghan
Boundary Com.
Dr. J. Aitchison
[C.]. Afehan
Boundary Com.
54. ZAMENIs. 413
g%. Hgr. (Se. 27; V. 247; Afghanistan. Dr. Griffith.
©. 100).
n. 9 (Se. 29; V. 278; C.107). Gilgit. Col. _ Biddulph
ee
6 Her. (Se. 29; V. 240; Kurrachee. Messrs. v. Schagin-
C. 103). tweit [C.].
ue. Yg. (Se. 29, 81; V. 244, Kotree, Sind. Dr. Leith [P.].
238; C. 100, 2).
A. do (Se. 29; V. 239; C. 110). Ajmere. W. T. Blanford,
Esq. [P. }.
ee See (oC. als. V, 22053) C; P). Punjab. E. Ind. Comp.
gs (Sc..29;, V. 247; C. 107). Punjab. W. B. Farr, Esq.
Pep
E. O (Se. 27; V. 243; C. 102). Agra. col FeddometC.].
o. 2 (Se. 29; V. 244; C. 103). Harrand. W. T. Bilanford,
Esq. [P.].
30, Zamenis arenarius*. (Prare XXVIII. fig. 2.)
Zamenis arenarius, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 329 (1890).
Very closely allied to Z. diadema, but distinguished by the much
larger rostral, which is considerably deeper than broad and wedged
in far between the internasals; the portion of the rostral visible
from above measures one half to two thirds its distance from the
frontal. Three or four prefrontals in a transverse row; frontal
nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than
the parietals; three or four loreals; two proculars, three post-
oculars, and three suboculars separating the eye from the labials ;
temporals small, scale-like ; ten upper labials ; five lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the
posterior. Scales obtusely keeled anteriorly, very distinctly pos-
teriorly, in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals not angulate laterally, 227 ;
anal entire ; subcaudals 80. Cream-colour or pale buff, with darker
spots disposed quincuncially, and a longitudinal streak on each side
of the nape ; lower parts uniform white.
Total length (of the specimen in the Calcutta Museum) 930
millim.; tail 175.
Northern India (Sind and Rajpootana),.
a. Head and anterior part Jurrachee. J. A. Murray, Esq.
of body EAT
b. Head and anterior part Sind. F. Day, Esq. [P.].
of body.
(Types.)
3l. Zamenis microlepis.
Spalerosophis microlepis, Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 356
(1865) ; Blanf. Zool. E. Pers, p. 411 (1876).
Loxodon microlepis, Jan, Icon. Gén. 20, pl. iii. (1867).
Zamenis microlepis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 633.
* Since the original description of this species, I have examined a perfect
specimen from Rajpootana, preserved in the Calcutta Museum and kindly sub-
mitted to me by Mr. W. L. Sclater.
414 COLUBRID.
Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just
visible from above; upper surface of snout with numerous small
shields ; frontal broken up into three shields ; loreal and temporal
regions covered with numerous small scales; upper labials 14 or 15,
separated from the eye by a series of suboculars; six lower labials
in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields
narrow and separated from each other by two series of scales.
Scales smooth, in 41 or 48 rows. Ventrals 263; anal entire; sub-
caudals 100. Pale buff above, with blackish spots which are rect-
angular and transverse on the anterior part of the body; a blackish
streak along each side of the neck and another from the nostril to
the angle of the mouth, passing through the eye; yellowish white
inferiorly.
Total length 1230 millim. ; tail 240.
Persia (Laristan and Shiraz).
55. LYTORHYNCHUS.
Heterodon, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 764 (1854).
Simotes, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn: p- 23 fee
Lytorhynchus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 272; Bouleng. Ann.
"§ Mag. N. TE (5) xx. 1887, p. 414, and Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 322
(1890).
Chatachlein, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 228.
Acontiophis, Gus Proc. Zool, Soe. 1875, p. 252.
Catachlena, Blanf. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1881, p. 678.
Phyllorhynchus, Stejneger, Proc. US. Nat. Mus, xiii. 1890, p. 151;
Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 617.
Maxillary teeth 6 to 9, posterior much longer than anterior ;
mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly distinct from neck, with
cuneiform projecting snout ; eye moderate, pupil vertically elliptic ;
rostral large, four-sided, projecting, concave inferiorly ; nostril an
oblique slit between twonasals. Body elongate, cylindrical ; scales
smooth or feebly keeled, without apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals
obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals in
two rows.
North Africa and Asia, from the Algerian Sahara to Syria,
Transcaspia, Afghanistan, and Sind; Arizona and Lower California.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Internasals forming a suture behind the rostral; two pairs of
chin-shields.
End of snout truncate; a pair of pre-
frontals ; two labials entering the eye .. 1. diadema, p. 415.
Snout pointed; a single prefrontal; no
labial’ entering theeye- tcc «eee 2. ridgewayi, p. 415.
Snout pointed; a pair of preefrontals ; one
labial entering the-eye) W427 faa eee 3. paradoxus, p. 416.
55, LYTORHYNCHUS. 415
II. Rostral shield separating the internasals ; one pair of chin-
shields ; no labial entering the eye. Ph. tl, are y
ed los-EmiGoblli Achar. Secale eae Paws = 4. decurtatus, p. 417.
SL ra 22) (oi lg Bahan ORR gs a Fe PS 5. brown, p. 417.
1. Lytorhynchus diadema.
Heterodon diadema, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 779 (1854) ; Gervais, Mém.
Ac. Montpellier, ili. 1857, p. 511, pl. v. fig. 1.
Simotes diadema, Giinth. Cat. p. 26 (1858); Strauch, Erp. Aly.
p- 53 (1862); Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1878-9, p. 61.
Lytorhynchus diadema, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 272, pl. —.
fig. 1; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 145.
Chatachlein diadema, Jun, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 228,
and Icon. Gén. 10, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1865).
Catachlena diadema, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 678, fig.
Snout moderately long; rostral angularly bent, with straight
horizontal edge, detached on the sides, the portion visible from
above as long as its distance from the frontal; no lateral cleft in
the rostral; suture between the internasals much shorter than that
between the preefrontals ; frontal nearly as long as its distance from
the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; a small,
squarish loreal ; one or two preeoculars, with or without a subocular
below; two postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 2+38; seven or
eight upper lebials, fourth, fifth, or fourth and fifth, entering the
eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
posterior chin-shields as long as or a little longer than the anterior,
and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales smooth,
in 19 rows. Ventrals 160-188; anal divided; subcaudals 36-46.
Pale buff or cream colour above, with a series of large transversely
rhomboidal dark spots; a dark median band along the head and
nape, sometimes confluent with an interocular transverse band; an
oblique dark band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower
parts uniform white.
Total length 450 millim. ; tail 60.
Algerian and Tunisian Sahara, Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, Syria,
Persia.
a. 3b (V. 162; C. 44). Algeria.
Bd (Viel 65; C.40). Pyramids of Gizeh. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}.
ce. Yg. (V. 164; C. 42). Abou-Roash, W. of = Dr. J. Anderson ‘PT
Cairo.
d. 9 (V. 182; C. 48). Muscat, Arabia. A. 8. G, Jayakar, Esq.
[Pt
e. 9 (V. 188; C. 36). Bushi, S. Persia.
2. Lytorhynchus ridgewayi.
Lytorhynchus ridgewayi, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xx. 1887,
p. 413; Bvertg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 924; Bouleng. Tr. Linn.
Suc. (2) v. 1889, p. 102, pl. xi. fig. 1.
416 COLUBRID.
Snout moderately long, pointed ; rostral with a trace of a short
lateral cleft ; internasals forming a short median suture; a single
prefrontal, twice and a half as broad as long; frontal nearly as long
as its distance trom the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the
parietals; frontal anteriorly nearly twice the’ greatest width of the
supraoculars ; two loreals, anterior largest ; three preeoculars, upper
largest and in contact with the frontal ; a subocular; two or three
postoculars ; temporals 2+3 (or 1438); seven upper labials, none
in contact with the eye; four lower labials in contact with the
anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller than the anterior
and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales
smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-180; anal divided or entire;
subeaudals 44-46. Upper parts pale buff, with brown, black-edged
symmetrical markings ; an anchor-shaped marking on the head, the
crescentic portion extending from one angle of the mouth to the
other, passing through the eyes and crossing the frontal and pre-
frontal ; the longitudinal branch expands in a large spot on the
middle of the parietals and bifurcates on the nape; large transverse
spots disposed at regular intervals on the body and tail, and alter-
nating with smaller ones on the flanks; lower parts uniform white.
Total length 425 millim. ; tail 70.
Afghanistan and Transcaspia.
a-b. 5 (V.174,174; Chinkilok, Afghanistan. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.].
C. 46, ?). Afghan Boundary
Comm. (Types).
3. Lytorhynchus paradoxus.
Acontiophis paradoxa, Giinth. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 282, fig. ;
Murray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 110.
Lytorhynchus paradoxus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 328, fig.
(1890),
Snout long and acutely pointed; rostral with a lateral cleft;
suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pre-
frontals and shorter than the upper part of the rostral; frontal as
broad as long, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the
snout, as long as the parietals ; supraocular narrow; a small loreal;
three preeoculars; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight
upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact
with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter but much broader
than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 169—
175; anal divided; subcaudals 40-53. Cream-colour above, with
a dorsal series of transverse brown spots and a less distinct lateral
series of smaller spots on each side; a large rhomboidal brown
spot on the back of the head, and a brown streak behind the eye;
lower parts white.
Total length 370 millim. ; tail 60.
Sind.
a. & (V. 169; C. 40). N. India. die es Jerdon, Esq. [P. }.
(Type.
6 O5( Vs 170s) C3); Zangipur, Sind. J. OM as Esq. [P.].
55. LYTORHYNCHUS. 417
4, Lytorhynchus decurtatus.
Phimothyra decurtata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, P 310.
Salvadora decurtata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 39 (1883).
Phyllorhynchus decurtatus, Stejneger, Proc. U. 'S. Nat. Mus. xiii.
1890, p. 154.
Head short and somewhat arched; rostral angularly bent, with
straight horizontal edge, detached on the sides, the upper portion
triangular and completely separating the internasals ; frontal longer
than broad; two or three superposed loreals ; three pre- and three
postoculars ; eye separated from the labials by suboculars; two
anterior temporals ; six upper labials; a single pair of chin-shields.
‘Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 172-177; anal entire; sub-
caudals 26-27. Light grey above; a dorsal series of about thirty
parallelogrammic brown blotches; a lateral series of small spots ;
labials and lower parts uniform white.
Total length 350 millim. ; tail 29.
Lower California.
5. Lytorhynchus brownii.
Phyllorhynchus browni, Stejneger, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xiii. 1890,
p- 152, fig.
Snout moderately long; rostral angularly bent, with straight
horizontal edge, detached on the sides, the upper portion triangular
and completely separating the internasals ; frontal a little longer
than broad, as long as the parietals ; three superposed loreals ; three
prie- and four postoculars ; eye separated from the labials by sub-
oculars; temporals small, scale-like ; six upper labials; a single
pair of chin-shields. Scales in 19 rows, on the anterior third of
the body nearly smooth, but becoming gradually more distinctly
keeled posteriorly. Ventrals 159; anal entire; subcaudals 31.
Whitish above, with about fifteen saddle-shaped brownish blotches
on back and tail; no lateral spots; a dark transverse line on the
head, passing through the eyes and across the interorbital region ;
lower surface uniform white.
Total length 325 millim.; tail 42.
Arizona.
VoL, Ip 2B
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.
—— & —-
Page 19. Typhlops jerdoni.
For ‘“preocular in contact with the second and third labials,”
read “ preocular in contact with the third labial.”
Rat Page 22. Typhlops vermicularis.
wv. Ad. Serahs, Transcaspia. J. Barey, Esq. [P.].
This specimen measures 310 millim.
Kad n= Page 78. Liasis childreni.
I-m. 2 (Sc. 43; V. 250; Baudin Is, N.W. J. J. Walker, Esq.
C. 46) & yg. (Se. 43; Australia. :
V. 243; C. 44).
Add :— Page 88. Python molurus.
f. 2 (Se. 67; V. 255; Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq.
C. 61). [Pil
Page 201. Tropidonotus leptocephalus.
IT am much inclined to refer the Snake recently described as
Eutenia brachystoma, Cope, Am. Nat. 1892, p. 964, fig., to this
species ; and would have done so without further hesitation were
the type specimen not stated to be from Pennsylvania. Perhaps
the locality is wrong, or the specimen may have been introduced
by man. Eight is the usual number of sublabials in J. lepto-
cephalus.
Page 214. Add a species :—
7a. Tropidonotus preocularis.
Euteenia preocularis, Bocourt, Le Natur. 1892, p. 278.
Habit rather stout. Head rather depressed. Rostral broader
than deep; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal a little
shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid ; three pre- and three
postoculars ; a single anterior temporal ; eight upper labials, fourth
and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows, keeled. Ventrals
140; anal entire ; subcaudals 68-74. Brown above, with a yellow
vertebral stripe; sides of neck with five or six vertical black bars,
followed on the body by three series of small spots; pra- and post-
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 419
oculars yellow; upper lip yellow, with black bars; lower parts
yellowish, with a black dot at the outer end of each ventral.
Total length 342 millim.; tail 82.
Belize, Honduras.
9¢ * .
eee Page 220. Tropidonotus natrix.
z-a. 9 (V. 174; C.?) Kamenetz, Podolia. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.].
& yg.(V.178; C. 72).
B-y. Ye. (V. 175,178; Colonia Franzfeld, St. Petersburg Mus. [E.].
*C. 69, 57). S. of Odessa.
5. Yg. (V. 164; C.63). Sukum Kaleh, Cau- St. Petersburg Mus. [E.].
casus,
e. Ye. (V.174; C. 72). Elizabethpol,Trans- St, Petersburg Mus. [E.].
caucasia.
2 ,
Red 2 Page 221. C. (C. persa.)
m. 9 (V.181;C.?). Areshski, Goy. Eliza- St. Petersburg Mus. [E.].
bethpol,Transcaucasia,
adie Page 239. Tropidonotus septemvittatus.
h. Q (V. 147; C. ?) Clear Creek, Monroe Co., Prof. EKigenmann
C
Indiana. (Gal.
i. Ye. (V. 147; C.81). Richmond, Indiana. og ne
[C.].
nae Page 286. Ischnognathus kirtlandii.
a, 2° ¢V. 183; Cr 50). Indiana. Prof, Eigenmann [C. ].
Page 301. Add a new genus :—
25a. TRIRHINOPHOLIS.
Maxillary moderately elongate, with 20 small, equal teeth ;
mandibular teeth equal. Head not distinct from neck; eye
moderate, with round pupil; nostril pierced between two nasals
and the first labial. Body short, cylindrical; scales smooth,
without pits, disposed obliquely, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded.
Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed
throughout the vertebral column.
Mountains of Burma.
Allied to Plagiopholis, from which it is distinguished by the
longer maxillary, the presence of a loreal, and the position of the
nostril.
1. Trirhinopholis nuchalis. (Pxrare XXVIII. fig. 1.)
Snout short. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible
from above ; internasals much broader than long, much shorter than
2n2
420 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.
the preefrontals ; frontal hexagonal, once and two thirds as long as
broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as
long as the parietals; loreal nearly as deep as long; one pre- and
two postoculars; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and
fourth entering the eye, fifth very large; anterior chin-shields
a little longer than the posterior, in contact with the symphysial
and three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 122; anal
entire; subcaudals 24. Dark purplish brown above, some of the
scales edged with black; a black arrow-headed marking on the
nape, the apex on the parietals; labials yellowish, with black
sutures ; belly yellowish, with large black spots.
Total length 340 millim. ; tail 40.
Mountains of Burma.
a. 2 (V. 122; C. 24). Toungyi, 8S. Shan States. E. W. Oates, Esq.
fea,
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
Ablabes, 181, 297, 300,
Ablabophis, 318.
aboma (Boa), 94.
abyssinicum (Lycophi-
dium), 342.
accedens (Typhlops), 17.
Achalinus, 308.
Acontiophide, 169, 177.
Acontiophis, 414.
acontistes (Coluber),
395.
Acrantophis, 116, 414.
Acrochordide, 169, 172.
Acrochordiens, 172.
Acrochordina, 169, 172.
Acrochordine, 172.
Acrochordus, 173.
acuticauda (Typhlops),
26
(Lycophi-
acutirostre
dium), 338.
acutus (Gryptotyphlops),
56.
acutus (Onychocephalus),
56
acutus (Typhlops), 56.
Adelophis, 285.
' adnexus (Tretanorhinus),
282.
adspersus (Lycodon),356.
affine (Stenostoma), 62.
affinis (Glauconia), 62.
affinis (Typhlops), 49.
aflinis (Uropeltis), 137.
agassizit (Helicops), 282.
agassizii (Nerodia), 243.
Aglypha, 170.
Aglyphodontes, 71, 181,
167, 169.
albertisii (Liasis), 80.
albicans (Bon), 87.
albifrons (Glauconia), 65.
albifrons (Stenostoma),
63.
albifrons (Typhlops),
63,
albirostris (Helmintho-
phis), 6.
abirosti (Liotyphlops),
albirosteis (Rhinoty-
phlops), 6.
albiventer (Ablabes), 299.
albofuscus (Lycodon),
307.
albofuscus (Ophites),
B07.
albofuseus (Sphecodes),
357.
albomaculata (Lycophi-
dium), 341.
albomaculatus (Lepto-
phis), 258.
albus (Brachyorrhus),
305,
albus (Coluber), 305.
algira (Periops), 408.
algirus (Zamenis), 408.
allenii (Helicops), 275.
allenii (Liodytes), 275.
Alopecion, 327, 336.
aluensis (Typhlops), 27.
amethystina (Boa), 83.
amethystinus (Liasis), 83,
85.
amethystinus (Python),
83.
Amphiardis, 290.
Amphibola, 169.
Amphiesma, 193, 265.
anacondo (Boa), 115.
anamallensis (Lycodon),
dol.
anchietze (Onychocepha-
lus), 40.
anchietse (Python), 88.
anchietz (Typhlops), 40.
andamanensis (Ty-
phlops), 52.
andersonii (Calamohy-
drus), 284.
andersonii
pis), 284.
(Opisthotro-
Angiostomata, 3, 131.
angolensis (Onychoce-
phalus), 42.
Anguiformes, 3, 131.
anguiformis (Boa), 127.
anguiformis (Clothonia),
anguiformis (Eryx), 127.
angulata (Homalopsis),
278.
angulatus (Coluber),
278.
angulatus (Helicops),
278.
angulatus (Uranops),
278.
angulifer (Epicrates), 96.
angusticeps (Onychoce-
phalus), 50.
angusticeps (Tropidono-
tus), 234, 270, 215.
angusticeps (Typhlops),
50.
angustirostris (Hutainia),
210.
Anilios, 7.
Anilius, 133, 134.
annularis (Tropidono-
tus), 224, 233.
annulata (Anguis), 133.
annulata (Silybura), 158.
annulatum (Xiphosoma),
102.
annulatus (Chersydrus),
4
174.
annulatus (Corallus),
102.
annulatus (Diadophis),
189.
annulatus (Elapoides),
359.
annulatus (Enicogna-
thus), 189.
annulatus (Henicogna-
thus), 189.
annulatus (Polyodonto-
phis), 189.
422
annulifer (Alopecion),
ol.
annulifer (Boa), 94.
anomala (Storeria), 287.
Anomalepis, 58.
Anomalochilus, 134.
Anomalodon, 268.
anomalus (Onychocepha-
lus), 47.
anomalus (Typhlops), 47.
anoscopus (Natrix), 242.
anoscopus (Tropidono-
tus), 242.
anostomosatus (Coluber),
230.
anthicum (Bascanium),
395.
Antiochalina, 169.
Aprotérodontes, 93.
Aprotérodontiens, 71,
131.
aquatica (Boa), 115.
arabicus (Coluber), 219.
araramboya (Xipho-
soma), 102.
arcticeps (Silybura), 156,
157
arenarius (Onychocepha-
lus), 49.
arenarius (Typhlops), 49.
arenarius (Zamenis),
413
argus (Coluber), 82.
argus (Morelia), 82.
Argyrophis, 7.
aruensis (Lycodon), 366.
asiana (Zamenis), 395.
Asinea, 71, 169.
asper (Enygrus), 109.
asper (Erebophis), 109.
aspera (Natrix), 278.
asperrimus (Tropidono-
tus), 232.
Aspidiotes, 91.
Aspitlites, 91,
Aspidoboa, 81.
Aspidopython, 81.
Aspidorhynchus, 7.
Aspidura, 309, 310.
assimilis (Helicops), 277.
astreptophorus — (‘T'ropi-
donotus), 220.
ater (Anilios), 53.
ater (Bothrolycus), 326.
ater (Tropidonotus), 215,
219
ater (Typhlops), 53.
Atomarchus, 193.
atra (Anguis), 133.
atra (Opisthotropis),
284.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
Atractocephalus, 305.
atrata (Eutainia), 201.
atrata (Ninia), 293.
atratus (Coluber), 293.
atratus (Neusterophis),
227.
atratus (Streptophorus),
Atretium, 272.
atropurpureum (Tetra-
gonosoma), 356.
atropurpureus (Lycodon),
356.
atrovirens
(Coluber),
mirupiceta (Tyria), 595,
atrovirens (Zamenis),
395.
audax (Hormonotus),
343.
aulicus (Coluber), 552.
aulicus (Lycodon), 349,
302.
aurantiaca (Boa), 102.
aurata (Huteenia), 208.
aureus (Plectrurus), 162.
auriculatus (‘Tropidono-
tus), 261.
aurigulum (Bascanium),
39.
aurigulus (Drymobius),
391.
aurolineatus (Coluber),
236.
aurora (Cerastes), 521.
aurora (Coluber), 521.
aurora (Coronella), 321.
aurora (Duberria), 521.
aurora (Lamprophis),
321.
auspex (Constrictor),
117
australis (Anilios), 35.
australis (Boa), 105.
australis (Enygrus), 105.
australis (Tropidonotus),
215.
australis (Typhlops), 35.
australis (Zamenophis),
365.
Azémiophides, 71, 181.
azureus (Chondro-
python), 90.
bahiensis (Natrix), 409.
bairdi (Salvadora), 393.
bairdii (Phimothyra),
393.
baliogaster (Helicops),
276.
barbarus (Coluber), 407.
barmanus (Typhlops), 22.
baroni (Dromicus), 247.
baronis-milleri (Tropi-
donotus), 226.
res (Onychophis),
Bascanion, 379.
basimaculatus = (Ty-
phlops), 28.
batesii (Chrysenis), 102.
batjanensis (Coluber),
36
batjanensis (Lielaphis),
368.
batjanensis (Stegonotus),
368.
beddomii (Silybura), 153,
154.
beddomii (‘Tropidonotus),
252.
beddomii (Typhlops), 18.
bellii (Python), 89.
bellulus (Tropidonotus),
224.
bengalensis
230.
bengalensis (Eryx), 124.
bengalensis (Falconeria),
291.
bernieri (Dromicodryas),
189.
bernieri (Herpetodryas),
189, 190.
bianconii (Typhlops), 41.
bibronii (Enygrus), 105,
106.
(Coluber),
bibronii
lus), 44.
bibronii (Typhlops), 44.
bicarinatus (Heterolepis),
346.
bicarinatus
(Onychocepha-
(Notophis),
bicatenata (Silybura),
158.
bicinctum (Bascanium),
390.
bicolor (Ablabes), 301.
bicolor (Argyrophis), 24.
bicolor (Calamaria),
301.
bicolor (Glauconia), 69,
bicolor (Grotea), 301.
bicolor (Helicops), 274.
bicolor (Limnophis),
274.
bicolor (Loxocemus), 74.
bicolor | (Onychocepha-
lus), 48.
bicolor —_ (Pseudocyclo-
phis), 301.
bicolor (Rhabdops), 301.
a (Stenostoma),
bicolor (Typhlops), 48.
bifasciatus (Streptopho-
rus), 292.
bifrenatus
282.
bilineata (Glauconia), 70.
bilineatum (Melanophi-
dium), 164.
bilineatum (Stenostoma),
70.
(Coluber),
bilineatus
253.
bilineatus (Coluber), 219.
bilineatus (Elaps), 253.
bilineatus (Masticophis),
391.
bilineatus (Platyplectru-
rus), 165.
ede (Typhlops),
7
(Helicops),
bipartitus (‘Typhlops),
37.
bipes (Coluber), 219.
biprzocularis (Boodon),
302.
bipunctatum (Lycophi-
dion), 350.
bipunctatus (Coluber),
206, 350.
bipunctatus (Tropido-
notus), 205, 206, 207.
biscutata (Eutenia),
202.
bisecta (Natrix), 245.
bisectus (Tropidonotus),
243
bistrigatus (Ablabes), 188,
bistrigatus (Polyodonto-
phis), 188.
bitis (Coluber), 101.
bitis (Vipera), 101.
bituberculatas (Onycho-
cephalus), 48.
bitubereulatus (Ty-
phlops), 48.
bivittata (Natrix), 259.
bivittatus (Python), 86,
87
blakewayi (Plagiopho-
lis), 301.
blanfordii (Glauconia),
66.
blanfordii (Typhlops),
blumenbaehii (Coluber),
385.
oe (Oorypho-
don), 3:
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
Blythia, 313.
blythii (Rhinophis), 144,
146
Boa, 53, 99, 104, 110,
115; 116, 121.
boa (Nardoa), 76.
boa (‘Tortrix), 76.
Bozdon, 327.
Bowidx, 71.
Bozides, 93.
bocourti (Zamenis), 394.
Boédoniens, 177.
boettgeri (Piesigaster),
97.
Lee (Typhlops),
ov,
Boide, 71, 131.
Boina, 93.
Boine, 93.
Bolieria, 121.
Boodon, 327.
bora (Python), 87.
bothriorhynechus (Ty-
phlops), 28.
Bothrodytes, 193.
Bothrolyeus, 325.
Bothrophthalmus, 324.
bottz (Charina), 130.
botta (Pseudoeryx), 130.
bottx (Tortrix), 130.
brachycephalus (Cho-
ristodon), 401.
brachyops (Charina),
131.
brachyorrhos (Calama-
ria), 305.
ee orrhos (Scytale),
311
Brachyorrhus, 305.
brachyorrhus (Aspidura),
311, 313.
brachystoma (Hutznia),
418
brachyurum (Amphies-
ma), 267.
brachyurus (Coluber),
305.
braconnieri (Achalinus),
309.
braconnieri (Enicogna-
thus), 187.
braconnieri (Ophielaps),
309.
bramicus (Argyrophis),
16.
braminus (Coluber), 230.
braminus (Eryx), 16.
braminus (‘Lyphlops),
16
breitensteini (Python),
89.
423
brevicauda (Glauconia),
67.
brevicauda (Stenostoma),
6
brevirostris (Stenogna-
thus), 303.
brevirostris (Geophis),
303.
brevis (Silibura), 158.
brocki (‘Tropidonotus),
245.
bronni (Plastoseryx), 7
bronni (Loxocemus), ie
broughami (Silybura),
152.
browni(Phyllorhynchus),
2 ae
brownii (Lytorhynchus),
417.
brunnea (Hutenia), 202.
brunneus (Bothroph-
thalmus), 524.
brussauxi (Gonionot-
ophis), 323.
brussauxi (Gonionotus),
323.
bucculenta (Ungalia),
112.
buchholzi (Onychoce-
phalus), 41.
buchholai (Typhlops),
41.
Bungaroidea, 169.
butleri (Eutenia), 212.
butleri (Tropidonotus),
212,
Cadmus, 373.
cxca (Letheobia), 55.
ceecatus (Typhlops), 32.
oe (Onychocephalus),
cxcus s (Lyphlops), 5 55.
cxrulea (Anguis), 133.
cahirinus (Coluber), 402.
cairi (Glauconia), 65.
cairi (Stenostoma), 63,
Calabaria, 92.
Calamaria, 290, 805, 306,
310.
Calamaride, 177.
Calamariens, 177.
Calamarina, 169.
Calamarineg, 177.
Calamohydrus, 283.
Calamophis, 305.
callistus (Tropidonotus),
265.
cana (Coronella), 373.
cana (Duberria), 573.
cana (Pseudaspis), 373,
424
cana (Ungalia), 114.
canarica (Silybura), 160.
canaricus (Plectrurus),
160
canaricus (Pseudoplec-
trurus), 160.
eancellatum (Dinodon),
361.
canina (Boa), 102.
caninum (Xiphosoma),
102.
caninus (Boas), 102.
caninus (Corallus), 102.
caninus (Draco), 102.
canus (Coluber), 375.
capense (Bozdon), 332.
capense (Lycophidium),
338, 339
capensis (Heterolepis),
345,
capensis (Lycodon),
339.
capensis (Onychocepha-
lus), 16
capensis (Simocephalus),
345
capucinus (Lycodon),
352.
carbonaria (Zamenis),
395.
carbonarius (Coluber),
395.
carinata (Aspidura),
310.
carinata (Boa), 107.
carinata (Candoia), 107.
carinata (Hurria), 358.
carinatus (Cercaspis),
359,
carinatus (Coryphodon),
216, 375, 376, 377.
carinatus (Enygrus),
107.
carinatus (Humesodon),
363.
carinatus
358.
carinatus (Zaocys), 377.
carinicauda (Helicops),
276.
earinicaudus (Coluber),
(Lycodon),
ai0.
carinicaudus (Helicops),
276, 2 27 Hike
carinicaudus
opsis), 276.
Casarea, 121.
caspia (Enhydris), 233,
caspicus (Zamenis), 395.
easpius (Coluber), 395,
caspius (Zamenis), 395.
(Homal-
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
castanea (Boa), 87.
Catachleena, 414.
cataphronotus (Zamenis),
394
catenatus
185.
Cathetorhinus, 7.
Catodon, 59.
Catodoniens, 57.
Catodonta, 57.
caudelineatus (Periops),
405.
caudzlineatus (Zamenis),
405, 407
cauda-schistosus (Colu-
ber), 242
celeno (Tropidonotus),
237.
celebicus (Styporhyn-
chus), 216,
celebicus (Tropidonotus),
216.
cenchria (Boa), 94.
cenchria (Epicrates),
94
(Lycodon),
cenchris (Boa), 94.
cenchris (Epicrates),
94
Cephalolepis, 57.
cerasogaster (Psammo-
phis), 191.
cerasogaster
notus), 191.
cerasogaster (Xenochro-
phis), 191.
cerastes (Anguis), 125.
cerastes (Eryx), 125.
Cercaspis, 348.
cetti (Natrix), 219.
ceylanicus (Coloburus),
158.
ceylanicus (Pseudo-Ty-
phlops), 158.
ceylonensis (Aspidura),
310.
(Tropido-
ceylonensis (Haplocer-
cus), 309.
ceylonensis (Odontomus),
370.
ceylonensis (Tropido-
notus), 252.
ceylonica (Siloboura),
158.
ceylonica (Silybura),
ceylonicus (Coloburus),
154
ceylonicus (Plectrurus),
146.
ceylonicus (Siluboura),
154.
ceylonicus (Uropeltis),
158.
chalceus Pe a
don), 1
Charina, on
Charinide, Tals
Charinina, 93.
Chatachlein, 414.
cherseoides (Natrix),
235.
Chersodromus, 295.
chersoides (Tropido-
notus), 236.
Chersydrus, 173.
chesnei (Coluber), 399.
Chilabothrus, 93.
childreni (Liasis), 77, 418.
Chilolepis, 379.
Chilopoma, 193.
chinensis (Tropidonotus),
Chondropython, 90.
Chondropythonina, 74.
Chondropythonine, 74.
chrysargoides (Amphies-
ma), 260.
chrysargoides (Tropido-
notus), 260.
chrysargum (Amphies-
ma), 258, 260.
chrysargus (Tropidono-
tus), 252, 258.
Chrysenis, 99.
chrysocephala (Huteenia),
203.
chrysocephalus (Tropi-
donotus), 208.
chrysogaster (Homalo-
chilus), 98.’
chrysostictus (Tachy-
nectes), 280.
cinerea (Boa), 87.
cinereus (Typhlops), 31.
citrinus (Thrasops), 317.
elarkii (Natrix), 238.
clarkii (Regina), 2388.
clarkii (Tropidonotus),
238.
cliffordii (Coluber), 411.
cliffordii (Zamenis), 411.
Cliftia, 94.
Clonophis, 285.
Clothonia, 122
colchica (Tropidonctua),
219.
collaris (Ablabes), 184.
collaris (Hutzenia), 209.
collaris (Polyodontophis),
184.
collaris §(Psammophis),
184,
collaris (Streptophorus),
293.
collaris (Tropidonotus),
209.
Coloburus, 144.
Coluber, 373, 379, 193.
Colubridsx, 169, 177.
Colubriens, 177.
Oolubriformes, 169.
colubrina (Anguis), 125.
colubrina (Tortrix), 126.
Colubrinz, 169, 177.
Colubrini, 71, 177.
colubrinus (Eryx), 125.
Colubroidea, 169.
communis (Coluber),
395.
comorensis (Typhlops),
21.
compressicauda(Nerodia),
238
ag (Natrix),
compressicauda (Tropido-
notus), 238.
compsolemus (Tropido-
notus), 238.
concinna (Hutainia), 208.
concinnus(Tropidonotus),
207, 243.
concolor (Tropidonotus),
220.
concolor
168.
congestus (Onychocepha-
lus), 42
congicus (Onychocepha-
lus), 40.
congicus (Typhlops), 40.
conica (Boa), 124.
conicus (Hryx), 124.
(Xenopeltis),
conicus (Gongylophis),
124.
conjuncta (Glauconia),
6
conjuncta (Ungalia), 115.
conjunctum(Stenostoma),
67.
conjunctus
rhos), 306.
conjunctus(Tropidophis),
113.
Conocephalus, 290.
conradi (Typhlops), 33.
conspicillatus (Tropido-
notus), 222.
Constrictor, 80, 116.
constrictor (Bascanion),
7
(Brachyor-
constrictor (Boa), 117,
118, 119
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
constrictor (Coluber),387,
ue
ba ae ar
constrictor(Zamenis),387.
Constrictores, 71.
constrictrix (Boa), 117.
continentalis (Ungalio-
phis), 114.
cookii (Corallus), 99.
cooperi (Eutainia), 201.
cooperi (Tropidonotus),
201.
copei (Adelophis), 289.
copei (Storeria), 289.
copii (Aspidura), 311.
copii (Ischnognathus),
28
Cora, 285.
corais (Spilotes), 389.
coralinus (Tortrix), 133.
oe (Anguis), 133,
135.
Corallus, 99.
cornwallisius (Liasis), 78.
Coronella, 318, 320, 373.
Coronellx, 177.
Coronellidx, 177.
Coronellinie, 177.
Coryphodon, 374, 379.
Coryphodontiens, 177.
couchii (Eutainia), 210.
couchii (Nerodia), 243.
couchii (Tropidonotus),
210.
crassa (Nardoa), 78.
crassatus (Onychocepha-
lus), 47.
crassatus (Typhlops), 47.
erassum(Ophthalmidion),
28.
Crealia, 144.
crebripunctatus(Tropido-
notus), 262.
crococatus (Typhlops),
o7
ray | .
crossii (Typhlops), 52.
cube (‘Typhlops), 31.
cubanus (Tropidonotus),
929
nO
cucullatum (Lycodon),
365,
cucullatus (Lielaphis),
365.
cucullatus (Stegonotus),
365.
cumingi (Onychocepha-
lus), 51.
cumingii (Onychophis),
ol.
cumingii (Typhlops), 51.
425
cuneiformis (Oadmus),
cuneirostris (Typhlops),
32.
cupreus (Epicarsius), 95.
cupreus (Epicrates), 95.
Cursoria, 122.
curta (Aspidoboa), 89.
eurta (Ungualia), 113.
ee (Cylindrophis),
137.
curtus (Python), 89.
curtus (Typhlops), 34.
curvirostris (Coluber),
404.
curvirostris (Typhlops),
48,
Cusoria, 122
eyelides (Thamnophis),
209.
Cyclocorus, 526.
eyclopion (‘Tropidonotus).
243, 244.
eyclopium (Natrix), 244.
cyclopium (Nerodia), 244.
eyclopium (Tropidono-
tus), 244.
cyclops (Helicops), 279.
Cylindrophis, 154.
cyrtopsis (Eutainia), 209,
eyrtopsis (Thamnophis),
_ 209.
dablii (Psammophis),
397
latte (Tyria), 397.
dahlii (Zamenis),397,403.
Dapatnaya, 140.
darnleyensis (Lycodon),
365.
davidsoni (Plectrurus),
162.
davisonti (Dryocalamus),
72.
davisonii (Hydrophobus),
372.
davisonii
162.
davisonii (Ulupe), 572.
decorosus (Ophthalmi-
dion), 38.
decorosus (Typhlops), 38.
decurtata (Phimothyra),
417.
decurtata (Salvadora),
(Plectrurus),
417.
decurtatus (Lytorhyn-
chus), 417.
decurtatus (Phyllorhyn-
chus), 417.
decussata (Anguis), 136,
426
286
dekayi (Storeria), 286.
dekayi (Tropidonotus),
286.
delalandii (Typhlops), 45.
Dendrophide, 177.
dendrophiops (Tropido-
notus), 264.
depressus (Typhlops), 33.
dhumna (Coluber), 385,
dhumnades (Coluber),
375.
dhumnades
don), 376.
dhumnades (Zaocys), 375.
Diacrantériens, 177.
diadema (Catachleena),
415,
diadema (Chatachlein),
5
dekayi eee)
287.
(Corypho-
diadema (Coluber), 399,
411
diadema (Heterodon),
415.
diadema (Lytorhynchus),
415.
diadema (Simotes), 415.
diadema (Zamenis), 411.
diademata (Ninia), 292.
diadematus (Streptopho-
rus), 292.
Diaphorotyphlops, 7.
diardi (Typhlops), 22.
dichromatus (Typhlops),
29.
Dimades, 272.
dimidiata (Glauconia),64.
dimidiatum (Pilidion),25,
dimidiatum(Stenostoma),
dimidiatus (Tropidono-
tus), 274.
Seattle (Silybura),
152.
dinga (Onychocephalus),
45.
dinga (Typhlops), 45.
Dinodon; 360.
Dipsadide, Nid:
dipsadides (Hypaspistes),
84
dipsadina (Ungalia), 112.
dipsas (Herpetodryas),
383.
dipsas
Bh OF 3, 2
dipsas (Zamenis), 388.
disparilis (Diaphoro-
typhlops), 58.
disparilis (Typhlops), 53.
aoe: opidonotus),
58.
ALPHABL ICAL INDEX.
dissimile (Stenostoma),
0
dissimilis (Glauconia), 70.
distanti (Glauconia), 62.
distinctus (Tropidophis),
diviniloqua (Boa), 118,
119,
diviniloquus (Constric-
tor), 118.
dolichocereus (Tropido-
notus), 246.
dolicocereus (Dromicus),
246.
domesticus(Coluber),409.
dora (Coluber), 230.
dorri (Periops), 410.
dorri (Zamenis), 410.
dorsale (Gonyosoma),
: 98.
dorsalis (Eutainia), 207.
dorsalis( Pseudoxenodon),
271.
dorsalis (Tropidonotus),
207, 271
dorsuale (Xiphosoma),
10
Draco, 93, 99, 115, 116.
Dromicodryas, 189.
drozii (Streptophorus),
293.
Dryadide, 177.
Drymobius, 379.
Dryocalamus, 369.
Dryophilide, 177.
Duberria, 320, 375.
dubius (Acrochordus),
178.
duceboracensis (Liasis),
dugesii (Catodon), 70.
dugesii (Rena), 70.
dugesii (Siagonodon), 70.
dulce (Stenostoma), 65.
dulcis (Glauconia), 65.
nue (Leptotyphlops),
5.
dulcis (Rena), 65.
dumerilii (Acrantophis),
120.
dumerilii (Boa), 120.
dumerilii (Coronella),
227,
dumerilii (Meizodon),
227.
dumerilii (Stegonotus),
368.
dupeni (Silybura), 150.
dussumieri (Boa), 121.
dussumieri (Casarea),
121,
dussumieri (Leptoboa),
121.
effrene (Tetragonosoma),
356.
effrenis (Lycodon), 356.
elaphoides (Coluber),
234,
elaphoides (Tropidono-
tus), 234.
Elapoides, 306.
elapoides (Calamaria),
307
elapoides (Lycophidium),
343.
elegans (Boa), 101.
elegans (Cursoria), 128.
elegans (Cusoria), 128.
elegans (Eryx), 128.
elegans (Eutainia), 202,
208.
elegans (Ophthalmidion),
37
elegans (Tropidonotus),
208.
elegans (Typhlops), 57.
elegantissimus (Zamenis),
402.
ellioti (Halys), 267.
ellioti (Siloboura), 154.
ellioti (Silybura), 153,
154, 155, 158.
ellioti (Trigonocephalus),
267.
emini (Glauconia), 64.
emunctus (Helmintho-
phis), 7.
emunctus (Idiotyphlops),
6.
emunctus (Typhlops), 6
Enicognathus, 181.
enydris (Boa), 101.
Enygrus, 104, 109.
Epanodontiens, 3.
Epicarsius, 94.
Epicrates, 93.
Epictia, 59.
eques (Boa), 119.
eques (Coluber), 209.
eques (Tropidonotus),209.
Erebophis, 104. :
Hryces, 93.
Erycide, 71.
Erycides, 74, 93.
Erycina, 93.
erythrogaster
phis), 395.
erythrogaster (Coluber),
242, 395.
erythrogaster (Nerodia),
243.
(Bothrio-
erythrogaster (Tropido-
notus), 242,
erythrogastra (Calopel-
tis), 395.
Eryx, 122.
eryx (Tortrix), 124, 126,
127.
Eryxina, 93.
eschrichtii (Aspidorhyn-
chus), 42.
eschrichtii (Ophthalmi-
dion), 42.
eschrichtii
39, 41, 42.
Eugnathiens, 177.
Kugnathus, 327.
Eumesodon, 360.
Eunectes, 115.
(Typhlops),
euproctus (‘T'yphlops),
16.
Kutainia, 193.
excipiens (Typhlops),
56.
exigua (Boa), 102.
exiguus (Typhlops), 31.
exocceti (Typhlops), 36.
faireyi (Eutainia), 213.
Faleoneria, 290.
fallax (Stenostoma), 63.
fallax (Tropidonotus),
219.
familiaris (Eryx), 126.
fasciata (Anguis), 133.
fasciata (Natrix), 243.
fasciata (Nerodia),
242.
fasciata (Potamophis),
174.
fasciatum (Alopecion),
342.
fasciatum (Lyycophi-
dium), 342.
fasciatus (Acrochordus),
174
(a.
fasciatus (Chersydrus),
174.
fasciatus (Coluber),
242.
fasciatus (Elapoidis),
293.
fasciatus _(Lepidocepha-
lus), 362
fasciatus (Lycodon),
358.
fasciatus (Ophites), 358.
fasciatus (Tropidonotus),
238, 242.
fasciolata (Tyria), 404.
fasciolatus (Coluber),
404,
ALPHABBTICAL INDEX.
fasciolatus(Coryphodon),
404.
fasciolatus (Zamenis),
404
fedtschenkoi (Zamenis),
405.
fergusonii (Odontomus),
371.
ferox (Tropidonotus),
924.
“
filiformis (Typhlops),
29.
fiskii (Lamprophis), 322.
fitzingeri (Glauconia),
66.
fitzingeri (Stenostoma),
66.
flagelliforme (Basca-
nium), 390.
flagelliformis | (Drymo-
bius), 390.
flagelliformis (Herpeto-
dryas), 390.
flagelliformis (Mastico-
phis), 390.
flagelliformis (Natrix),
389.
. flagelliformis (Psammo-
phis), 390.
flagelliformis (Zamenis),
389
flagellum (Coluber),
389.
flayescens (‘Tropidono-
tus), 234,
flavescens (Typhlops),
OA
flaviceps (Ablabes),
185.
flaviceps (Amphiesma),
266.
flaviceps (Enicognathus),
185.
flaviceps (Macropistho-
don), 266.
flaviceps (Tropidonotus),
266.
flavifrons
tus), 265.
flavigularis (Herpeto-
dryas), 390, 391.
flavigularis (Mastico-
phis), 390.
flavyigularis
phis), 390.
flavilabris (Hutznia),
212.
flavipunctatum (Am-
phiesma), 231.
flavipunctatus (Tropido-
notus), 231.
(Tropidono-
(Psammo-
427
ae (Typhlops),
flaviventris (Bascanion),
flaviventris (Coluber),
387.
flaviventris (Corypho-
don), 387.
flavoterminatus (Helmin-
thophis), 5.
flavoterminatus (Idioty-
phlops), 5.
(Ty-
flavyoterminatus
phlops), 5.
florulentus (Coluber),
402.
florulentus (Zamenis),
402, 408.
fordii (Chilabothrus),
fordii (Epicrates), 98.
fordii (Onychophis),
45
fordii (Pelophilus), 98.
formosana (Dinodon),
361,
formosissimus (Constric-
tor), 117.
fornasinii (Typhlops),
38.
Fowlea, 193.
foxii (Bascanion), 587.
franklinii (Onychophis),
45.
fremontii (Bascanion),
387.
frontalis (Helmintho-
phis), 5.
frontalis (Typhlops), 5.
fruhstorferi (Tetralepis),
320,
fuliginoides (Coronella),
217.
fuliginoides (Tropidono-
tus), 217.
fuliginosus (Boodon),
Jot
fuliginosus (Lycodon),
304
fumigatus (Helicops),
279.
fusca (Calabaria), 92.
fusca (Calamaria), 297.
fusea (Cliftia), 95.
fuseum (Ophthalmidion),
30
fuscu
(Trachischium),
297.
fuscus (Ablabes), 297.
fuscus (Coryphodon),
378.
428
fuscus (Elapoides),
: 307.
uscus (Lamprophis),
322. ee
fuseus (Liasis), 78.
fuscus (Typhlops), 30.
fuscus (Zaocys), 378.
fusiformis (Oxyorrhos),
306.
gabina (Natrix), 234.
gabinus (Coluber), 233.
galathea (Coluber), 349.
galathea (Lycodon), 349,
gammiei (Lycodon),
308.
gammiei (Ophites), 558.
eae. osticta (Helicops),
6.
gastrotenia (Rhabdion),
305.
geminatus (Ablabes),
185.
geminatus (Coluber),
185.
geminatus (Enicogna-
thus), 185.
geminatus (Herpeto-
dryas), 185.
geminatus (Polyodonto-
phis), 185.
gemonensis (Natrix),
395.
eae (Zamenis),
vo .
geometricum (Bordon),
329, 532.
geometricus
329, 331
geometricus(Hugnathus),
329,
geometricus (Lycodon),
329, 332.
Geophis, 303.
gerrardi (Mytilia), 142.
Gerrhopilus, 7.
gigas (Boa), 115.
gilberti (Nardoa), 77.
(Boodon),
glaber (Heterolepis),
344.
glaphyros (Tropidono-
tus), 211.
glaucoides
395
(Coluber),
Glauconia, 59.
Glauconiide, 57.
Glauconiine, 57.
Glyphodonta, 169.
Gongylophis, 122
Gonionotophis, 323.
ALPHADHTICAL INDEX.
Gonionotus, 1'75, 328.
goudotii (Glauconia),
64,
goudotii (Stenostoma),
64.
gracile (Stenostoma),
69.
gracilis (Chilabothrus),
98,
gracilis (Dryocalamus),
o71,
gracilis (Hpicrates), 98.
gracilis (Hydrophobus),
371.
gracilis (Leiopython),
gracilis (Odontomus),
371.
gracilis (Tropidonotus),
234.
gracilis (Tyria), 404.
gracilis (Zamenis), 404.
grahami (Tropidonotus),
225, 240.
ere ahami (Zamenis), 393.
grahamize (Phimothyra),
393.
grahamie
393.
grahamii (Natrix), 240.
grahamii (Regina), 240.
(Salvadora),
graminea (Hutenia),
206.
grandis (Rhinophis),
48.
grandis (Silybura), 148.
grandis (Uropeltis),
39.
grantii (Gonionotophis),
oz,
grantii (Gonionotus),
324.
grantil (Simocephalus),
324.
granulatus
dus), 174.
granulatus (Chersydrus),
174.
(Acrochor-
granulatus (Hydrus),
Urs
granulatus (Pelamis),
WG
grayi (Hnicognathus),
187
ereineri (Ablabes), 566.
gronoviana (Natrix), 219.
gronovianus (Coluber),
219
Grotea, 300.
groutii (Stenostoma), 68.
Gryptotyphlops, 7.
guatemalensis (Peropos
dum), 11
gueinzii (Simocephalus),
5
guentheri (Aspidura),
312,
guentheri (Helmintho-
phis), 6.
puns (Onychocepha-
lus), 20.
guentheri (Plectrurus),
guentheri (Silybura), 147.
guentheri (‘Trachis-
chium), 298.
guentheri (Typhlops), 20. -
guirali (Heterolepis),
O46.
guirali (Simocephalus),
346.
gularis (Enygrus), 109.
gularis (Trachyboa), 109.
guttatus (Boodon), 331.
guttatus (Coluber), 402.
euttatus (Lycodon), 331.
guttatus (Lycophidium),
340.
Hemorrhois, 379.
heetiana (Ungalia), 112.
Haldea, 290.
hallowellii (Typhlops),
40
hammondii (Hutainia),
hammondii (Tropidono-
tus), 210.
Haplocercus, 309.
haydenii (Entainia), 211.
Seo (Tropidonotus),
211.
hebe (Coluber), 404.
hebe (Lycodon), 352.
Heleionomus, 80.
Helicops, 272, 281.
Helicopsoides, 283.
helluo (Anguis), 126.
Helminthophis, 4.
helveticus (Coluber), 219.
Henicognathus, 181.
henshawi (Entzxnia),
210.
Herbertophis, 364.
Herpetodryas, 181, 189,
364, 374, 379.
Herpetoreas, 193.
Heterodon, 268, 414.
Heterodonta, 169.
Heterolepis, 343, 344.
heterurus (Homalocepha-
lus), 315.
heterurus — (Pseudoxy-
rhopus), 315,
heterurus (Stegonotus),
367.
hewstoni (Platyplectru-
rus), 166.
hexalepis (Phimothyra),
393
hieroglyphica (Boa), 86.
hieroglyphicus (Python),
86.
himalayanus (Tropidono-
tus) ) 201.
himalayanus (Zamenis),
248.
hippoerepis (Ocelopeltis),
409.
hippocrepis (Coluber),
409
hippocrepis (Natrix),
409
hippoerepis (Periops),
409.
hippocrepis (Tyria), 409.
hippocrepis (Zamenis),
407, 409.
hippus (Coluber), 230.
holbrookii (Nerodia),
243,
Holochalina, 169.
holochrous (Coluber),
366.
Holodonta, 71.
Holodontes, 74.
Holodontiens, 71, 131,
167.
Holuropholis, 327.
Homalocephalus, 314.
Homalochilus, 94.
Homalopsine, Wiike
Homalopsis, 272.
homolepis (Rhinophis),
142.
Hormonotus, 343,
horneri (Herpetodryas),
378.
Soe (Argyrophis),
22.
horsfieldii (Typhlops), 22
horstockii (Lycophidion),
337, 339, 341.
horstokii (ycodon), 339.
horstokii (Lycophidium),
339.
hortulana (Boa), 99, 101.
hortulanum (Xiphoso-
ma), 99, 101.
hortulanus (Coluber),
101.
eeeenos (Corallus),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
hortulanus (Draco), 101.
Hortulia, 81.
houttuynii (Python), 86.
humberti (Ablabes), 186.
humberti (Hnicognathus),
186.
humbo (Onychocepha-
lus), 46.
humbo (Typhlops), 46.
humile (Stenostoma), 70.
humilis (Glauconia), 70.
humilis (Rena), 70.
hybridus (Coluber), 219.
hybr idus (Tropidonotus),
219.
Hydrablabes, 296.
Hydreethiops, 280.
Hydridx, 169, 172.
Hydrophide, 172, 177.
aie ilus (Coluber),
makes 369.
Hydrus, 173.
hydrus (Coluber), 233.
hydrus (Tropidonotus),
233.
Hypaspistes, 81.
hypnale (Boa), 102.
hypomelas (‘Tropidono-
tus), 264.
Se (Tytleria),
302
ibibe (Coluber), 206.
Idiotyphlops, 4.
Tlysia, 133, 134.
Tlysiide, 131.
Tlysioidea, 131.
Imbricatx, 3, 131, 167.
imerine (Liophis), 316.
imerinse (Pseudoxyrho-
pus), 316.
imperator (Boa), 119.
inconspicuus (Typhlops),
16.
indicus (Tortrix), 127.
indicus (Xylophis), 304.
infernalis (Boodon), 330,
infernalis (Coluber), 207.
infernalis (Hutainia),
207.
infernalis (Tropidono-
tus), 201, 207.
infrasignatus (Ptyas),
247.
infrateniatus (Helicops),
276.
infuseatus (Bothroph-
thalmus), 324.
inornata (Boa), 97.
inornata (Virginia), 290}
429
inornatus (Amphiardis),
290
inornatus WS mupibic
97, 1
eee Cipraretes),
97.
inornatus (Lampr ophis),
321.
inornatus (Potamophis)
291.
inornatus (Pseudoxeno-
don), 272.
inornatus ( Typhlops),
D4.
inornatus (Xenodon),
272.
insigniarum (Hutznia),
oT 2
at hae
intermedia (Typhlops),
42.
intermedius (Tropidono-
tus), 210.
iowe (Tropidoclonium),
289.
irrorata (Metoporhina),
340.
irroratum (Lycophi-
dium), 340, 342.
irroratus (Coluber), 540,
isabella (Wenona), 150.
Ischnognathus, 285.
Tsodonta, 71, 169.
Isodontiens, 177.
isthmica (Boa), 119.
jacksoni (Lycophidium),
340.
jaculus (Anguis), 125.
jaculus (Eryx), 125, 128.
jaculus (Tortrix), 126.
jagori (T'yphlops), 18.
jakati (Aspidopython),
84.
jamaicensis (Anguis), 31,
jamesonii (Python), 85.
japonicus (Dinodon),
363.
japonicus (Ophites), 363,
java (Coluber), 350.
are Pic ae ke
jara concedes 550.
jauresi (Tropidonotus),
206.
javanica (Potamophis),
173.
javanicum (Xenoderma),
175.
ath as (Acrochordus),
1
javanicus (Coluber), 85.
430
javanicus (Enicognathus),
185.
javanicus (Xenodermus),
175
javakai (Eryx), 129.
ACerion! (Typhlops), 19,
418.
jobiensis (Brachyorrhos),
306.
jobiensis (Calamophis),
305.
johnii (Boa), 127.
johnii (Clothonia), 127.
johnii (Eryx), 127.
jugularis (Coluber), 395.
junceus (Tropidonotus),
224, 258.
karelinii (Coluber), 401.
karelinii (Tyria), 401.
karelinii (Zamenis), 401.
Katophis, 193.
kennicottii (Tropidono-
tus), 208.
keyensis (Lielaphis), 565.
keyensis (Lycodon), 365.
khasiensis (Stoliczkaia),
176.
khasiensis (Tropidono-
tus), 228.
kirtlandii (Clonophis),
286.
kirtlandii (Ischnogna-
thus), 286, 419.
kirtlandii (Regina), 286.
kirtlandi (Tropidoclo-
nion), 286.
kirtlandii (Tropidonotus),
286
korros (Coluber), 384.
korros (Coryphodon),
384.
korros (Ptyas), 3877, 384.
korros (Zamenis), 384.
kraalii (T'yphlops), 30.
kraussi (Onychocepha-
lus), 42.
US GURU EE GRD)!
42,
kraussii (Typhlops), 42.
kuhlii (Brachyorrhos),
305.
labiosa (Ninia), 295.
labiosus (Syeptopherus);
293.
ladacensis
levissima (Natrix), 226.
levissima (Neusterophis),
226.
(Zamenis),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
levissimus (Tropidono-
tus), 226.
lalandii (Onychophis),
45,
lalandii (Typhlops), 45.
Lamprophis, 318, 320,
343.
lankadivana (Dapatnaya),
141.
lansbergi (Streptopho-
rus), 293.
lansbergil (Ninia), 293.
laoensis (Lycodon), 354.
laterale (Bascanium),
391.
laterale (Lycophidium),
338
lateralis (Ahetulla), 248.
lateralis (Leptophis),
247, 248, 391.
lateralis (Philothamnus),
248.
lateralis (Thamnosophis),
247, 248
lateralis (Tretanorhi-
nus), 282.
lateralis (Tropidonotus),
248, 249.
leachii (Anilios), 31.
leberis (Natrix), 259.
leberis (Regina), 239.
leberis (Tropidonotus),
237, 238, 239.
Leioheterodon, 268.
Leionotus, 110.
Leiopython, 76.
eure (Boodon),
299)
lenzi (Typhlops), 16.
leopardina (Dimades),
278.
leopardina (Homalop-
sis), 278
leopardinus (Helicops),
278.
Lepidocephalus, 360.
Lepidognathus, 283.
leporinum (Oxyrhab-
dium), 303.
leporinum (Rhabdo-
soma), 3802, 363.
leprieurii (Helicops),
277, 278.
Leptoboa, 121.
leptocephala (Hutainia),
201.
leptocephalus (Tropido-
notus), 201, 418.
Leptognathiens, viet
Leptophis, 193, 379.
Leptorhytaon, 348.
Leptotyphlops, 59.
Letheobia, 7
leucocephala (Xenopel-
tis), 168.
leucocephalus (Cephalo-
lepis), 57.
leucomelas (Typhlops),
18
leucomelas (Tropidono-
tus), 266.
leucopilus (Ooronella),
318.
Jeucoproctus (Typhlops),
20.
levingii (Silybura), 152.
Liasis, 76, 81.
liberiensis (Onychoce-
phalus), 42.
liberiensis (Typhlops),
2.
Lichanura, 129.
liebmanni (Chersodro-
mus), 295.
Lielaphis, 564.
ligatus (Typhlops), 34.
Limnophis, 272,
lineata (Storeria), 289.
lineata (Typhlina), 15.
lineatum (Bozxdon),
302.
lineatum (Pilidion), 15.
lineatum (Tropidoclo-
nion), 289.
lineatum (Typhlinalis),
15
lineatus
388.
lineatus (Boodon), 331,
332.
lineatus pe age ae
mus), 324
fioeeine (Cyclocorus),
(Bascanion),
lineatus (Cylindrophis),
137.
lineatus (Elaphis), 324.
lineatus (Ischnognathus),
289.
lineatus (Lycodon), 327.
lineatus (Microps), 289.
lineatus (Tropidonotus),
262.
lineatus (Typhlops),
15.
lineatus (Zamenis), 388.
lineofasciatus (Helicops),
281.
lineolata (Kutzenia),
lineolatus (Typhlops),
42.
Liodytes, 272.
gy 268.
lot; ops, 4.
Lisalin, 76."
Lissophis, 336,
liura (Silybura), 149.
aie (Lycodon),
lividus (Lielaphis),
oe (Lielaphis)
lividus (Pseudolycodon),
366,
longicauda (Coronella),
217.
longicauda (Glauconia),
66.
longicauda (Meizodon),
217.
Sees (Stenostoma),
6
longissimum (Ophthal-
midion), 33.
longissimus (‘Typhlops),
33
Loxocemi, 74.
Loxocemina, 74.
Loxocemus, 74.
Loxodon, 413.
lumbricalis (Anguis), 21,
31.
lumbricalis posers):
21, 27, 31.
Jumbriciformis (Onycho-
cephalus), 54.
lumbriciformis (Letheo-
bia), 54.
lumbriciformis (‘Ty-
phlops), 54.
luteostriatus (Coluber),
395.
luzonensis
377.
Lycodon, 327, 336, 348,
360, 364, 369.
Lycodoniens, 177.
Lycodontidie, 177.
Lycodontiens, 177.
Lycodontinz, 177.
Lycognathophis, 317.
Lycophidium, 536.
Lytorhynchus, 414.
(Zaocys),
mackloti (Liasis), 79.
macrocercus (Dromicus),
246.
macrolepis (Glauconia),
69
macrolepis (Silybura),
159.
ALPHABBTICAL INDEX.
macrolepis (Stenostoma),
69
macrophthalmus (Tro-
pidonotus), 251, 270.
macrophthalmus (Xeno-
don), 251, 270, 271.
Macropisthodon, 265.
Macropophis, 264.
macrops (Pseudoxeno-
don), 270.
macrops (Tropidonotus),
O77
macrorhynchum (Steno-
stoma), 61.
macrorhynchus (Glauco-
nia), 61.
macrorhynchus (Sily-
bura), 153.
macroscelis (Cylindro-
phis), 137.
macrostemma (Eutainia),
He 7| 2
macrostemma (Tropido-
notus), 2tt. 2| 2
Macrostomata, 71, 169.
macrurus (Onychocepha-
lus), 32.
maculata (Anguis), 136.
maculata (Cylindrophis),
136.
maculata (Ilysia), 136.
maculata (Silybura), 149.
maculata (Ungalia), 112,
113.
maculatum (Nympho-
phidium), 371.
maculatus (Chilabo-
thrus), 98.
maculatus (Coluber),
4)
maculatus (Corallus),
10
maculatus: (Cylindro-
phis), 136.
maculatus (Eryx), 127.
maculatus (Leionotus),
112.
maculatus (Streptopho-
rus), 293.
maculatus
136.
maculatus (Tropidono-
tus), 225, 258, 260.
maculatus (Tropidophis),
112, 118.
maculosus (Liasis), 77.
madagascariensis (Ano-
malodon), 269.
madagascariensis (Boa),
120.
(Tortrix),
431
ee (Coral-
lus), 1
Pea iecie (Dro-
micus), 248,
madagascariensis (THete-
rodon), 269.
madagascariensis (Lio-
heterodon), 269,
madagascariensis (Pelo-
philus), 120,
madagascariensis (Ty-
phlops), 25.
madagascariensis (San-
zinia), 103.
madagascariensis (Xipho-
soma), 103.
eee (Vipera),
Ol.
maderensis (Coluber),
101.
madurensis (Platyplec-
trurus), 166.
madurensis (Silybura),
56.
magnus (Lycodon), 365.
Mainophis, 305.
malignus (Coluber),
349.
meee (Lycodon),
349
manadensis (Tropidono-
tus), 256.
marciana
210.
~-
(Eutainia),
marcianus (Tropidono-
tus), 210.
marginatus (Helicops),
281.
martensii (Tropidonotus),
221.
Masticophis, 379.
Maudia, 160.
maura (Hypsirhina),
340.
maurus (Coluber), 235.
maurus (Epicrates), 94.
mayottensis (Ablabes),
183.
mayottensis (Enicogna-
thus), 183.
mayottensis (Polyodonto-
phis), 185.
Meditoria, 7.
medusa (Tropidonotus),
238
Megablabes, 379.
megalops (Hutainia),
212.
melanocephala (Rhadi-
nea), 100,
432
melanocephalus (Abla--
bes), 185.
melanocephalus (Aspi-
diotes), 91.
melanocephalus (Aspi-
dites), 91.
melanocephalus (Cathe-
torhinus), 15.
melanocephalus (Enico-
gnathus), 186.
melanocephalus
don), 185.
melanocephalus (Polyo-
dontophis), 185.
(Ty-
melanocephalus
melanogaster (Orealia),
146
(Lyco-
phlops), 15.
melanogaster (Hutzenia),
226.
melanogaster (Hydrae-
thiops), 281.
melanogaster (Mytilia),
146.
melanogaster (Rhino-
phis), 146.
melanogaster (Silybura),
146, 151.
melanogaster (Tropido-
notus), 225.
Melanophidium, 163.
melanosterma (Steno-
stoma), 63.
melanotenia (Huteenia),
211.
melanotus
phis), 135.
melanotus (Dromicus),
248.
melanozostus (Bothro-
phthalmus), 324.
melanozostus (Tropido-
notus), 230.
melanura (Boa), 111.
melanura (Ungalia),
1.
(Cylindro-
melanurus (‘Tropidophis),
meleagris (Lycophidium),
337
mentalis
300.
mentovarium (Basca-
nium), 389,
mentoyvarius (Coluber),
389.
mentovarius (Corypho-
don), 389.
mentoyarius (Zamenis),
(Boodon),
merremi (Boa), 101.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
mesomelana
226.
mesomelanus (Tropido-
notus), 225.
Metoporhina, 336.
mexicana (Anomalepis),
59.
mexicana (Boa), 119.
mexicana (Phimothyra),
392.
mexicana (Salvadora),
2.
mexicanus (Anomalepis),
59.
mexicanus
392. 3
mexicanus (Masticophis),
392.
mexicanus (Lytorhyn-
chus), 392.
mexicanus
392.
microcephalum (Rhab-
dosoma), 304.
microcephalus (Geophis),
304
(Regina),
(Coluber),
(Zamenis),
microlepis (Loxodon),
3.
microlepis (Rhinophis),
3
microlepis (Spaleroso-
phis), 415.
microlepis (Zamenis),
413.
Microps, 285.
microps (Coronella),
516.
microps (Pseudoxyrho-
pus), 315,
microstomus (Typhlops),
53.
miliaris (Anguis), 125.
miliaris (Tortrix), 126.
minax (Natrix), 219.
minutus (Coluber),
219,
mirus (Typhlops), 52.
mocquardii (Tetrano-
rhinus), 283.
modesta (Boa), 101.
modestum (Brachyrhy-
ton), 366.
modestum (Lycodon),
366.
modestum (Oxyrhab-
dium), 302.
modestum (Rhabdo-
soma), 302, 303.
modestus (Boodon), 344.
modestus (Bothrophthal-
mus), 324.
modestus (Geophis), 302.
ee (Helicops),
modestus (Heterodon),
269.
modestus (Hormonotus),
343.
modestus (Lamprophis),
modestus
366, 367.
modestus (Lioheterodon),
269.
(Lielaphis),
modestus (Lycodon),
365, 366.
modestus (Stegonotus),
366.
modestus (Stenognathus),
302, 303.
modestus (Tropidono-
tus), 229,
moesta (Helicops), 277.
EnCCSLLa (Tropidonotus),
274.
moliniger (Psammo-
phis), 189.
molurus (Coluber), 87.
molurus (Python), 87,
418.
montanum (Pilidion),
monticola (Calamaria),
299.
monticola (Oyclophis),
monticola (Trachischi-
um), 299.
monticola (Tropidono-
tus), 259.
moreletii (Tropidophis),
1k.
moreletii (Ungalia), 111.
Morelia, 81.
mormon (Coluber), 387.
mormon (Masticophis),
oo7.
mortoni (Tropidonotus),
26
mortuarius (Coluber),
230, 241.
mortuarius (Helicops),
mortuarius (Tropidono-
tus), 230, 241.
mossambicus (‘Typhlops),
41
mossambicus
cephalus), 41.
mucosa (Natrix), 385,
mucosus (Coluber), 385.
mucosus (Ptyas), 389.
(Onycho-
mucosus (Zamenis), 385,
mucronatus (Typhlops),
37
mucruso (Onychocepha-
lus), 46.
mucruso (‘T'yphlops), 46.
muelleri (Eryx), 128.
7a (Gongylophis),
28
muelleri (Stegonotus),
367.
oe (Typhlops),
miilleri (Herpetodryas),
367. ‘
miilleri (Odontomus),
368,
miilleri (Lycodon), 368.
multicarinata (Bolieria),
122.
multicarinatus
gaster), 122.
multilineatus(Typhlops),
50.
(Onycho-
(Platy-
multilineatus
cephalus), 50.
multimaculata(Euteenia),
214,
multimaculata (Lycophi-
dium), 339.
multimaculatus (Atomar-
chus), 214.
multimaculatus
donotus), 214.
multisectus (Homalochi-
lus), 96.
multocarinata (Eryx),
122.
murina (Boa), 115.
murinus (Eunectes), 115,
murorum (Natrix), 219.
myhendre = (Silybura),
156.
myopica (Glauconia),
myopicum (Stenostoma),
69
(Tropi-
myriolepis (Lichanura),
129,
Myron, 272.
Mytilia, 140, 144.
najadum (Tyria), 397.
napei (Lycodon), 349.
Nardoa, 75, 76.
narirostre (Stenostoma),
65
narirostris (Glauconia),
nasuta (Meditoria), 31.
nasutus (Anguis), 27.
VOL, I.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
natalensis (Hortulia), 86.
natalensis (Python), 86.
Natricids, 177.
Natrix, 192.
natrix (Coluber), 219.
natrix (Tropidonotus),
219, 419.
neglectus (Periops), 407.
neglectus (Zamenis), 407.
Nerodia, 193.
Neusterophis, 193.
newtoni (Onychocepha-
lus), 55.
newtonii (Typhlops), 55.
nicobariensis (Tropido-
notus), 192,
niger (Nerodia), 243.
niger (Tropidonotus),
242
nigra (Silybura), 151.
nigra (Tropidonotus),
219.
nigrescens (Anilios), 34.
nigrescens (Typhlops),
30.
nigricans (Chersodro-
mus), 295,
nigricans (Glauconia),
6
nigricans (Stenostoma),
6
nigricans (Typhlops), 67.
nigroalbus (T'yphlops),
24.
nigrocinctus (Tropido-
notus), 255,
nigrolateris (Eutenia),
210.
nigrolineatus (Onycho-
cephalus), 42.
nigrolutea (Regina), 282.
nigroluteus (Helicops),
282.
nigroluteus (Tretanorhi-
nus), 282.
nigromaculatus (Lyco-
phidium), 340.
nigromarginatus (Colu-
ber), 376,
nigromarginatus(Zaocys),
376
nigrum (Bozdon), 331.
nilgherriensis (Silybura),
156, 157, 158.
Ninia, 29].
nitida (Silybura), 151.
Nothopide, 169, 172.
Nothopsis, 176.
Notophis, 110.
nuchalis(Trirhinopholis),
419.
433
nuchalis (Tropidonotus),
218.
nummifer (Coluber), 407.
nummifer (Zamenis),
407.
nyasse (Simocephalus),
347
Nympha, 369.
nympha (Coluber), 370.
nyapes (Dryocalamus),
370.
nympha (Hydrophobus),
370.
nympha (Lycodon), 370.
nympha (Odontomus),
370.
Nymphophidium, 369,
oatesii (Typhlops), 23.
oaxaca (Bascanion), 586.
oaxaca (Coryphodon),
86.
oaxace (Zamenis), 386.
obliquus (Tropidonotus),
243
obscura (Eutzenia), 207.
obscuro-striata (Cala-
maria), 297.
obscuro-striatum (Trach-
ischium), 298.
obtusirostris (Corallus),
101.
obtusus
lus), 38.
obtusus (Typhlops), 38.
occidentalis (Boa), 118.
occipitomaculata (Store-
ria), 287.
occipitomaculatus (Colu-
ber), 287.
occipitomaculatus (Isch-
nognathus), 287.
ocellata (Cenchris), 107.
ocellata (Coluber), 397.
ocellata (Eutzenia), 209,
ocellata (Natrix), 235.
ocellata (Silybura), 150.
ocellata (Tyria), 397.
ocellatus (Tropidonotus),
236,
ochracea (Silybura), 150,
Odontomus, 369.
Oligodonta, 169.
Oligodontidz, 177.
olivacea (Coronella), 217,
29
olivacea (Mizodon), 227.
olivaceus (Ablabes), 300,
olivaceus (Boodon), 335.
olivaceus (Holuropholis),
2F
(Onychocepha-
434
olivaceus (Leptophis),
383.
olivaceus (Liasis), 78,
olivaceus (Megablabes),
3.
olivaceus (Onychocepha-
lus), 50.
olivaceus (Onychophis),
olivaceus (Pseudocyclo-
phis), 300.
olivaceus (Rhabdops),
olivaceus (Tropidonotus),
(Typhlops),
olivaceus (Zamenis), 383.
Onychocephalus, 7.
Ophielaps, 508.
ophiteoides (Lycodon),
356.
Ophites, 548.
ophrias (Boa), 118,
Ophthalmidion, 7.
Opisthiodon, 295.
Opisthoglyphes, 169.
Opisthotropis, 283.
Opotérodontes, 3, 57.
oppelii (Tropidonotus),
236.
amide
olivaceus
50.
orbiculata (Boa), 87.
oreuttii (Lichanura), 129.
ordinata (Boa), 87.
ordinata (Hutainia), 206.
ordinatus (Coluber), 2085,
206, 286.
ordinatus (Python), 87.
ordinatus(Tropidonotus),
201, 202, 205, 206, 207,
208.
ordinoides (Hutainia),
208.
orientalis (Ophites),
363.
orientalis (Tropidonotus),
249,
ornata (Boa), 124.
ornata (Hutainia), 207.
ornatum (Bascanium),
ool.
ornatum (Xiphosoma),
101
ornatus (Ablabes), 185.
ornatus (Enicognathus),
185
ornatus
391.
ornatus (Tropidonotus),
238.
(Masticophis),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
ortonii (Boa), 119.
Oxyorrhos, 305.
Oxyrhabdium, 302.
oxyrhynchus (Pseudo-
Typhlops), 141.
oxyrhynchus(Rhinophis),
141.
oxyrhynchus (Typhlops),
141.
pallida (Letheobia), 54.
pallidus (Typhlops), 54.
palustris (Hydrus), 230.
pammeces (Typhlops),16.
papuanus (Liasis), 80.
paradoxa (Acontiophis),
415.
paradoxus
chus), 145.
parallelus (Periops), 411.
paralleling (Tropidono-
tus), 223.
pardalis (Boa), 112, 113.
Pe (Ungalia), 112,
113
(Lytorhyn-
pardalis (Uropeltis), 159.
Paréasiens, 177.
parietalis (Coluber),
206.
parietalis (Hutainia),
207.
parietalis (Tropidonotus),
207.
parvus (Lycodon), 366.
pavimentatus (Strepto-
phorus), 293.
pealii (Tropidonotus),
214.
peguensis (Fowlea), 228.
Pelophilus, 116.
perditus (Typhlops), on
penn (Ablabes), 2
7
(Hydrablabes),
Periops, 379.
peronii (Python), 82.
Peropoda, 71.
Peropodes, 71.
Peropodum, 114.
perroteti (Geophis), 304.
periops
296.
perroteti (Platypteryx),
BOE NE
perroteti (Plectrurus),
161.
perroteti Olen) 304.
persa (Coluber), 219.
Boas (Tropidonotus),
219.
persicus (Tropidonotus),
219.
persicus (Typilape), 21 21.
persicus (Zamenis), 400
personatus
395.
petalarius (Coluber), 395.
petersii (Helminthophis),
6.
petersii (Liasis), 85.
petersii (Onychocepha-
lus), 46.
petersii (Silybura), 148.
petersii (Tropidonotus),
225.
petersii (Typhlops), 29.
petiti (Rhoptrura), 92.
phenax (Eutzenia), 210.
pea (Tropidonotus),
1
phenops (Stenostoma),
63.
philippinus (Pseudo-
Typhlops), 189.
philippinus (Rhinophis),
141
philippinus (Typhlops),
141
philippinas (Uropeltis),
139.
Phimothyra, 379.
phipsonii (Silybura),
155.
phocarum (Coronella),
373.
phrygia (Boa), 85.
Phyllorhynchus, 414.
piceum (Bascanium),
390.
pickeringii (Hutainia),
picta (Silybura), 156.
picturatus (Tropidono-
tus), 215, 219.
Piesigaster, 94.
Pilidion, 7.
ee (Enhydris),
23
piseator (Hydrus), 250.
piscator (Tropidonotus),
230, 232.
Plagiodontiens, 177.
Plagiopholis, 301.
pee (Rhinophis),
141.
Plastoseryx, 71
platurinus (Lycodon),
359.
platycephalus (Ty-
phlops), 30 .
Platyceps, 379.
platyeeps (Amphiesma),
258.
(Coluber),
platyceps(Tropidonotus),
248,
Platygaster, 121.
Platyplectrurus, 165.
Platypteryx, 303.
Plectrurus, 160.
pleuralis (Natrix),
243.
plumbea (Charina),
130.
plumbea (Katophis),
215.
plumbea (Wenona),
130
plumbeus (Gonionotus),
plumbeus (Herbertophis),
368.
plumbeus (Stegonotus),
368
plumbicolor (Macropis-
thodon), 267.
plumbicolor (Tropido-
notus), 267.
plutonia (Hutznia),
202.
cecilogaster (Coluber),
p 249." ( )
poensis (Boodon), 335.
poensis (Simocephalus),
346.
pogonias (Tropidonotus),
243,
polygrammicus (Argyro-
phis), 34.
polygrammicus (Ty-
phlops), 34.
olylepi Heli ;
p aa (Helicops)
Polyodontophis, 181.
ponticus (Coluber),
233
poreatus (Coluber),
242.
porcatus (Tropidonotus),
242.
eae (Typhlops),
Potamophilide, 177.
Potamophis, 173, 290.
oo ee (Ablabes),
reefrontalis (Hydr-
ablabes), 297.
Ue ae (Typhlops),
preocularis (Hutznia),
418.
preocularis (Tropidono-
tus), 418.
preissi (Typhlops), 35.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
prionotus (Herpeto-
dryas), 185.
Probletorhinid, 177.
prosopeion (Coronella),
371
v .
Proterodon, 360.
Proteroglypha, 169.
Protéroglyphes, 169.
proxima (Eutainia),
213.
proxima (Thamnophis),
213.
proximus (Coluber),
212.
proximus(T'ropidonotus),
213.
pryeri (Tropidonotus),
250.
Prymnomiodon, 192.
Psammophis, 189, 317,
379.
psammophis (Herpeto-
dryas), 390.
Pseudaspis, 373.
Pseudocyclophis, 300.
Pseudoeryx, 130, 272.
pseudo-eryx (Bolyeria),
122.
pseudo-eryx (Tortrix),
122.
Pseudolycodon, 364.
Pseudoplectrurus, 160.
Pseudo-Typhlops, 139,
140, 144.
Pseudoxenodon, 270.
Pseudoxyrhopus, 314.
Ptyas, 379.
pulcher (Chondropy-
thon), 90.
pulcherrimus (Drymo-
bius), 392.
pulcherrimus (Mastico-
phis), 392.
pulcherrimus (Zamenis),
392.
pulchrilatus (Eutzenia),
209.
pulneyensis (Plectrurus),
147.
pulneyensis (Rhinophis),
147.
pulneyensis (Silybura),
147.
punctata (Morelia),
82.
punctata (Onychophis),
42.
punctata (Silybura),
154,
punctatostriatus (Enico-
gnathus), 227.
435
punctatum (Melanophi-
dium), 164.
punctatus (Acontias),
42.
punctatus (Pseudoxy-
rhopus), 317.
punctatus (Python),
82
punctatus (Rhinophis),
141.
punctatus (Typhlops),
42,
punctatus (Xenodon),
317. ;
punctulatus (Tropido-
notus), 228.
pygexa (Contia), 228.
pygeus (Tropidonotus),
228.
Python, 80.
Pythones, 74.
Pythonide, 71.
Pythonides, 74.
Pythoniens, 71.
Pythonina, 74.
Pythonine, 74.
Pythonoidea, 71.
quadrilineatum (Box-
don), 332.
quadrilineatus (Dromi-
codryas), 190.
quadrilineatus (Herpeto-
dryas), 190. :
quadriserialis (Regina),
237.
quadriserialis (Tropido-
notus), 237.
quadrivirgatum (Box-
don), 331.
quadrivittatum (Bow-
don), 332.
quincunciatus (Tropido-
notus), 230, 231, 232,
257.
quinquelineatus (Lio-
phis), 315.
quinquelineatus (Pseudo-
xyrhopus), 315.
radix (Hutainia), 211.
radix (Tropidonotus)
211.
raffrayi (Atractocepha-
lus), 306. ‘
ramsayi (Aspidiotes),
92
ramsayi (Aspidites),
92.
ravergieri (Coluber),
40
Q2r2
al
ravergierl (Zamenis),
405, 407.
rectangulus (Coluber),
230.
regia (Boa), 88.
regia (Cenchris), 88.
regia (Hortulia), 89.
Regina, 193.
regine (‘T'yphlops), 35.
regius (Python), 88.
reinhardti (Calabaria),
92.
reinhardti (Rhoptrura),
92.
reinhardtii (Eryx), 92.
Rena, 59.
resplendens (Cylindro-
phis), 135.
reticulata (Anguis),
27
reticulata (Blythia),
14,
reticulata (Boa), 85.
reticulata (Calamaria),
314.
reticulatus (Argyrophis),
28
reticulatus (Coluber),
234.
reticulatus (Python),
reticulatus (Typhlops),
27
reuteri (Typhlops), 16.
rex-serpentum (Constric-
tor), 117.
Rhabdops, 300.
Rhabdosoma, 302, 303.
Rhamphostoma, 59.
Rhinophide, 137.
Rhinophis, 140.
Rhinotyphlops, 4.
rhodogaster (Ablabes),
183.
rhodogaster (Enicogna-
thus), 182, 183.
rhodogaster (Herpeto-
dryas), 182.
rhodogaster (Polyodon-
tophis), 182.
rhodomelas (Amphi-
esma), 266. ;
rhodomelas (Macropis-
thodon), 266.
sheen aed uc
notus), 2
ea ay e(Kondlen),
267.
rhodorhachis (Zamenis),
398
rhombeata (Boa), 85.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
rho (Nerodia),
rhombifer (Tropidono-
tus), 242.
rhombifera
243.
Rhoptrura, 92.
richardii (Typhlops),
31
(Natrix),
ridgewayi (Lytorhyn-
chus), 415.
rigida (Natrix), 240.
rigida (Regina), 240.
rigidus (Coluber), 240.
rigidus (Tropidonotus),
240,
riparius (Onychocepha-
lus),
riparius ‘(Typhlops),
46.
robusta (Mainophis),
305.
rosenbergii (Coronella),
366.
roseofusca (Lichanura),
129.
rostralis (Anguis), 27.
rostrata (Glauconia),
62.
rostratum (Stenostoma),
62.
rostratus (Anguis), 27
rubellum (Stenostoma),
65
rubriventer (Cyclophis),
300.
rubriventer (Trachis-
chium), 300
rubrolineata (Silybura),
155
rubromaculata (Silybura),
157
rufa (Anguis), 135.
rufa (Cylindrophis),
135.
rufa (Ilysia), 135.
rufa (Tortrix), 135.
rufescens (Achalinus),
308, 309.
ruficauda (Anilios),
2
ruficauda (Typhlops),
ruficeps (Tropidonotus),
253.
rufopunctata (Hutzenia),
214.
rufopunctatum (Chilo-
poma), 214.
rufopunctatus (Tropido-
notus), 214.
rufotorquatum (Amphi-
esma), 266.
rufozonatus (Dinodon),
361.
rufozonatus (Lycodon),
1
rufula (Coronella), 318.
rufulus (Ablabes), 318.
rufulus (Ablabophis),
318.
rufulus (Lamprophis),
318.
rufus (Cylindrophis),
135.
rufus (Eryx), 135,
rugosa (Opisthotropis),
284.
rugosum (Trachischium),
297.
rugosus (Lepidognathus),
284
rugosus (Nothopsis),
176.
ruhstrati | (Ophites),
riippelli (Typhlops),
30
ruschenbergii (Xipho-
soma), 99.
russellii (Tortrix), 16.
Baetiee (Typhlops), 16,
elas (Hutezenia),
215.
Sabrina, 59.
sackenii (Hutainia),
213.
saffragamus (Uropeltis),
159.
sagittaria (Calamaria),
186, 187
sagittarius (Ablabes),
87.
sagittarius (Polyodon-
tophis), 187.
Salvadora, 379.
samarensis (Spilotes),
67.
sancti-johannis (Tropido-
notus), 230.
sanguineus (Platyplec-
trurus), 166.
sanguineus (Plectrurus),
166.
sanguineus (Rhinophis),
143
sanguineus (Teretrurus),
166
sanguiventer (Hurriah),
360.
Sanzinia, 99,
saravacensis (Tropidono-
tus), 260, 261.
sardus (Coluber), 395.
saurita (Coluber), 212.
saurita (Eutainia), 213.
ane (Tropidonotus),
~ .
sauritus Leptophis),
ay (Leptophis)
savorgnani (Simocepha-
lus), 345.
scabricauda (Plectrurus),
166.
scalaris (Eutainia), 203,
204.
sealaris (Helicops), 279.
scalaris (Thamnophis),
204.
scalaris) (Tropid
aa (Tropidonotus),
scaliger (Tropidonotus),
ae
schadenbergi (Geophis),
oe aii (Geophis)
scheuchzeri
135.
are (Onychocephalus),
(Scytale),
schinzi (Typhlops), 47.
schirazana (Periops),
411,
schistaceum (Amphi-
esma), 191.
schistosum (Atretium),
schistosus (Coluber),
274.
schistosus (Helicops),
274.
schistosus (Pseudoeryx),
4.
schistosus (Tropidono-
tus), 274.
schistosus (Tropidophis),
274. Des
schlegelii (Nardoa), 76.
schlegelii (Onychocepha-
lus), 44, 45.
schlegelii (Typhlops), 44.
schmidti(Streptophorus),
293.
schneideri (Python), 85.
echneideri (Typhlops),
schottii (Bascanium),
91
schotti (Masticophis),
391.
Scolécophides, 3, 57.
Scolecophidia, 3.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
scopolianus (Coluber),
219.
seutata (Eryx), 125.
scutatus (Coluber), 219.
scutatus (Tropidonotus),
234.
scutifrons (Glauconia),
68.
seutifrous (Stenostoma),
scytale (Anguis), 133,
135. :
scytale (Aspidura), 311,
318.
scytule (Boa), 115.
scytale (Calamaria), 311.
scytale (Ilysia), 153.
scytale (Torquatrix), 133.
scytale (Tortrix), 135.
sebee (Coluber), 86.
sebx (Hortulia), 86.
sebee (Ninia), 298.
sebe (Python), 86.
ns (Streptophorus),
sechellensis (Lycogna-
thophis), 317.
semiannulis (Lycophi-
dium), 339.
semicarinatus (Dinodon),
362.
semicarinatus
don), 362.
semicincta (Ungalia),
118
semicinctum
dium), 341.
semicinctus (Tropidono-
(Eumeso-
(Lycophi-
tus), 215.
semifasciata (Compso-
soma), 400.
semifasciata (Huteenia),
207.
semifasciatus (Coluber),
400.
semifasciatus
phobus), 370.
semifasciatus (Platyceps),
399.
(Hydro-
semilineatum (Bascan-
ium), 391.
sennaariensis (Eryx),
125.
septemstriata (Glauco-
nia), 71.
septemstriatum (Steno-
stoma), 71.
septemstriatus (Catodon),
ya:
septemstriatus (Siagono-
don), 71.
437
septemstriatus (Ty-
phlops), 71.
septemvittatum (Calo-
pisma), 275.
septemvittatus (Coluber),
2
avd.
septemvittatus (Heli-
cops), 275.
septemvittatus (Limno-
phis), 275.
septemvittatus (Tropido-
notus), 239, 419.
septentrionalis (Dino-
don), 363.
septentrionalis (Ophites),
363.
septentrionalis (Lyco-
don), 363.
sexlineatus (Dromicus),
246.
sexlineatus (Tropidono-
tus), 246.
seychellensis (Boodon),
a)
seychellensis (Psammo-
phis), 317.
seychellensis (Tropidono-
tus), 317.
shortii (Silybura), 158.
Siagonodon, 59.
siamensis (Typhlops), 24.
siculus (Coluber), 219.
sieboldii (Herpetoreas),
248.
signata (Glauconia), 64.
signatum (Stenostoma),
64. ;
sikkimensis (Tropidono-
tus), 270.
Siloboura, 144.
Silybura, 144.
Simalia, 81.
Simocephalus, 344,
simoni (Onychocephalus),
simoni (Typhlops), 51.
Simotes, 414.
simplex (Lichanura), 129.
sinensis (Ablabes), 184.
sipedon (Coluber), 242.
sipedon (Nerodia), 242.
sipedon (Tropidonotus),
D)
sirtalis (Coluber), 206.
sirtalis (Eutainia), 205,
206, 208.
sirtalis (Thamnophis),
207.
sirtalis (Tropidonotus),
201, 202, 205, 206, 207,
209, 210, 211, 237.
438
smithii (Typhlops), 45.
socotre (Zamenis), 408.
socotranus (Typhlops),
21.
Spalerosophis, 379.
speciosus (Coluber), 86.
Sphecodes, 348.
spilogaster (Ninia), 293.
spilogaster (‘Tropidono-
tus), 257.
spilotes (Echidna), 82.
spilotes (Morelia), 82.
spilotes (Python), 82.
spilotus (Coluber), 82.
spinepunctatus (Oligo-
don), 186.
spinalis (Achalinus),
309.
spinalis (Coluber), 394.
spinalis (Masticophis),
394.
spinalis (Zamenis), 394.
spixii (Helicops), 280.
squamosus (Anilios), 57.
squamosus (Typhlophis),
57
squamosus (Typhlops),
57
Stegonotus, 364.
Stenognathus, 302.
stenophthalmus (Hetero-
lepis), 347.
stenophthalmus
cephalus), 347.
stenorhynchus (Geophis),
304.
stenorhynchus
phis), 304.
Stenostoma, 59.
Stenostomi, 57.
tenostomidee, 57.
stolatum (Amphiesma),
253.
stolatus (Coluber), 253.
stolatus (Tropidonotus),
253.
Stoliczkaia, 175.
Storeria, 285.
storerioides (Ischnogna-
thus), 288.
storerioides (Natrix), 288.
(Simo-
(Xylo-
storerioides (Storeria),
288.
storerioides (Tropido-
clonium), 288.
stormi (Lycodon), 357.
Streptophorus, 291.
striata (Coronella), 561.
striatula, (Calamaria),
291.
striatula (Haldea), 291.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
striatula (Potamophis),
291.
striatula (Virginia), 291.
striatulus (Coluber), 291.
striatulus (Conocephalus),
291
striatus (Coluber), 349.
striatus (Epicrates), 96.
striatus (Humesodon),
361.
ate (Homalochilus),
6
striatus (Lycodon), 549.
strigilatus (Homalochi-
lus), 96.
striolatus (Tropidonotus),
231
striolatus (Typhlops), 22.
stumpfli (Dromicus),
247.
stumpffii (Tropidonotus),
247
Stypocemus, 193.
Styporhynchus, 193.
subannulatum (Nympho-
phidium), 371.
subannulatus (Dryocala-
mus), J7 1.
subannulatus
phobus), 371.
subannulatus (Odonto-
mus), 371.
subcinctus
359.
subcinctus (Ophites), 359.
subfuseus (Lycodon), 356.
subminiatum (Amphi-
esma), 256.
subminiatus (Tropidono-
tus), 256.
suboculare (Buscanium),
389.
suborbitalis
389.
subpunctatus (Oligodon),
(Hydro-
(Lycodon),
(Spilotes),
subpunctatus (Polyodon-
tophis), 186.
substolatum
ma), 260.
sulcatus (Typhlops), 31.
sumatranus (Hlaphis),
307.
sumichrasti
5)
(Amphies-
(Hutzenia),
sumichrasti (Henicogna-
thus), 185.
sumichrasti (Loxocemus),
As
sumichrasti (Polyodonto-
phis), 183.
sumichrasti (Rhadineea),
183.
sumichrasti (Tropidono-
tus), 209.
sundanensis (Tropidono-
tus), 225, 260.
sundevallii (Glauconia),
68.
sundevallii (Stenostoma),
6
superciliosus (Enygrus),
107.
surgens (Tropidonotus),
274
surinamensis (Coluber),
278.
swinhonis (Tropidono-
tus), 218.
Syncrantériens, 177.
syriacus (Typhlops), 21.
Tachynectes, 272.
taczanowskyi (Ungalia),
te
tenia (Tropidonotus),
207.
tzniata (Leptophis),
390,
teniatum (Bascanium),
391.
teniatus (Drymobius),
391
teniatus (Masticophis),
391.
teeniatus (Zamenis), 390.
tantalus (Tropidonotus),
234.
tatarica (Boa), 126.
taxispilota (Natrix), 245.
taxispilota (Nercdia),
245,
taxispilotus (Tropidono-
tus), 245.
teherana (Eryx), 126.
temminckii (Typhlops),
29.
templetonii (Mytilia),
4
tenasserimensis (Zaocys),
-
8.
tenue (Ophthalmidium),
16
tenuiceps (Ablabes), 299.
tenuiceps (Calamaria),
299.
tenuiceps(Trachischium),
299.
tenuicollis (Onychoce-
phalus), 37.
tenuicollis (Ophthalmi-
dion), 37.
tenuicollis (Typhlops),37.
tenuicula (Rena), 70.
tenuiculum (Stenostoma),
70.
— (Typhlops), 16, 19,
tephropleura
notus), 237.
Teretrurus, 165.
ternatea (Boa), 94.
oo (Typhlops),
(Tropido-
tessellata
233.
tessellata (Natrix), 234.
tessellata (Sabrina), 63.
tessellatus (Coluber),
233.
tessellatus (Dinodon),
64.
(Coronella),
It.
tessellatus (Lycodon),
351
tessellatus (Ninia), 293.
tessellatus (Proterodon),
364.
tessellatus (Strepto-
phorus), 293.
tessellatus (Tropidono-
tus), 233, 256.
testaceus (Coluber), 389.
testaceus (Ooryphodon),
386, 387.
testaceus (Drymobius),
390.
Tetracheilostoma, 59.
Tetragonosoma, 348.
Tetralepis, 319.
tettensis (Onychocepha-
lus), 41.
tettensis (Typhlops), 41.
thalassina (Boa), 102.
Thamnophis, 195.
Thamnosophis, 193.
thebaicus (Eryx), 125.
thebaicus (Gongylophis),
125.
(Ty-
theobaldianus
phlops), 26.
thermalis (Coluber), 395.
thurstonii (Typhlops),
26
tigrinum (Amphiesma),
249.
tigrinus (Tropidonotus),
249.
tigris (Python), 87.
timorensis (Python), 85.
timoriensis (Liasis), 85.
torquata (Coronella),
183.
torquata (Natrix), 219.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Torquatrix, 133, 135.
torquatus (Coluber), 219.
torquatus (Opisthiodon),
295.
torquatus (Polyodonto-
phis), 183.
torquatus (Tropidono-
tus), 258.
i (Typhlops),
Tortricide, 167, 131.
Tortriciens, 131.
Tortricina, 131.
Tortrix, 1, 75, 121, 122,
133, 134, 167.
trabalis (Coluber), 395.
trabalis (Hemorrhois),
395.
trabalis (Zamenis), 395.
Trachischium, 297.
Trachyboa, 109.
trachyprocta (Aspidura),
313.
transversa (Nerodia),
243.
trinsversus (Tropidono-
tus), 242.
travancoricus
pis), 355.
travancoricus (Lycodon),
355.
travancoricus (Rhino-
phis), 143.
travancoricus (Teretru-
rus), 166,
Tretanorhinus, 281.
trevelyana (Dapatnaya),
142.
(Cercas-
trevelyanus (Rhinophis),
142,
trianguligerus (Tropido-
notus), 224,
Tricheilostoma, 59.
trifrenatus (Leptophis),
385.
trilineata (Herpeto-
dryas), 189, 190.
trilineata (Hutzenia), 208.
trilineatus (Platyplec-
trurus), 165.
trilineatus (Plectrurus),
165.
trilobus
lus), 38.
Trimerorhini, 177.
Trirhinopholis, 419.
tristrigatus (Dryoca-
lamus), 372.
trivirgata (Oharina), 129.
trivirgata (Lichanura),
129.
(On chocepha-
439
trivirgatus (Xenopeltis),
137.
trivittatus (Helicops),
276
trivittatus (Myron), 276.
trivittatus (Tropidono-
tus), 208.
tropica (Storeria), 287.
Tropidoclonion, 285.
Tropidonophis, 195, 272.
Tropidonotus, 191, 192,
265, 270, 272, 317.
Tropidophis, 110.
Tropidophorus, 193.
truncatus (Argyrophis),
16.
truncatus (Styporhyn-
chus), 216.
turcica (Boa), 125.
turcicus (Eryx), 126.
twiningi (Euteenia),
211.
Typhlina, 7.
Typhlinalis, 7.
Typhlopes, 3.
Typhlophis, 57.
Typhlopide, 3.
Typhlopiens, 3.
Typhlopina, 3.
Typhlopoidea, 137.
Typhlops, 7, 59.
Typhlopside, 3, 57.
typica (Opisthotropis),
285.
typicus (Helicopsoides),
285.
Tyria, 379.
tyria (Coluber), 407.
tyrolensis (Coluber), 219.
tytleri (Tropidonotus),
231
Tytleria, 348.
Ulupe, 369.
umbratus (Coluber), 230.
umbratus (Tropidono-
tus), 224, 231.
undecimstriata (Epictia),
undecimstriatus (Ty-
phlops), 63.
Ungalia, 110.
Ungaliophis, 114.
unguirostris (Onycho-
cephalus), 49.
unguirostris (Typhlops),
49.
unicolor (Bordon), 334.
unicolor (Lycodon), 352.
unicolor (Xenopeltis),
168, 334
440
unilineatus (Onycho-
cephalus), 15.
unilineatus (Typhlops),
15.
unimaculata (Mytilia),
1
uniteniatus (Letheobia),
5D.
uniteniatus (Typhlops),
5
55.
Upérolissiens, 137.
Uranops, 272.
Uropeltacea, 137.
Uropeltide, 137.
Uropeltis, 159, 144.
usta (Natrix), 239.
ustus (Tropidonotus),238.
vagrans (Eutainia), 202.
vagrans (Tropidcnotus),
2.
valida (Natrix), 237.
valida (Regina), 237.
validus (‘Tropidonotus),
93)
variabilis(Helicops), 282.
variabilis (Tretanorhi-
nus), 282.
variegata (Morelia), 82.
variegatum (Alopecion),
332.
variegatus (Heleiono-
mus), 86.
variegatus(Mizodon),217.
variegatus (‘Tropidono-
tus), 217.
varius (Leptophis), 246.
eau (Onychocephalus),
6
varius (Typhlops), 46.
venenosi (Colubriformes),
169.
ventralis (Boodon), 331.
ventrimaculata (Tyria),
400
ventrimaculatus (Zame-
nis), 398, 399, 401, 403,
404.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
ventromaculatus (Colu-
ber), 399.
venustus (Coluber), 287.
vermicularis (Argyro-
phis), 21.
vermicularis (Typhlops),
1,418
versicolor (Coluber), 411.
versicolor (Epicrates),
Jv.
versicolor (Periops),
411.
versicolor (Zamenis),
11
verticalis (Onychocepha-
lus), 32.
verticalis (Typhlops),
32.
vetustus (Bascanion),
387.
vibakari (Tropidonotus),
vidua (Eutzenia), 208.
viperina (Boa), 124.
viperina (Natrix), 236.
viperinus (Coluber), 219,
235.
viperinus (Tropidonotus),
234, 235.
Viperoidea, 169.
virgatus (Boodon), 531.
virgatus (Ccelopeltis),
331,
viridiflavus (Coluber),
O05.
viridiflayus (Zamenis),
viridis (Boa), 90.
viridis (Chondropython),
90.
viridis (Xenodon), 267.
vittata (Natrix), 255.
vittatus (Ablabes), 375.
vittatus (Coluber), 255.
vittatus (Spilotes), 252.
viltatus (Tropidonotus),
255.
vossi (Gonionotus), 323.
“wynadense
vossii (Alopecion), 344.
vossii (Boodon), 344.
vossii (Gonionotophis),
323.
vulgaris (Coluber), 395.
vulgaris (Natrix), 219.
wagleri (Helicops), 282.
walkeri (Tropidonotus),
weberi (Anomalochilus),
134.
Wenona, 130.
westermanni (Onycho-
cephalus), 56.
wiedii (Typhlops), 36.
wilderi (Typhlops), 7.
woodhousii (Nerodia),
243.
woodhousii (Tropidono-
tus), 245.
wood-masoni (Silybura),
147.
(Melano-
phidium), 165.
wynandensis(Plectrurus),
163.
Xenochrophis, 191.
Xenodermina, 172.
Xenodermus, 175.
Xenodon, 265, 270.
Xenopeltide, 167.
Xenopeltis, 167.
xenopeltis (Tortrix),
168.
Xiphosoma, 99,
Xylophis, 303.
yunnanensis (Atretium),
“=
Zamenis, 379.
Zamenophis, 364.
Zaocys, 374.
Zapyrus, 374.
zebrinus (‘Tropidonotus),
258.
~
LIST OF PLATES.
Prats I,
Fig. 1. Helminthophis petersii, Blgr., p. 6, x 8.
2. guentheri, Blgr., p. 6, x5.
3. Typhlops beddomii, Blgr., p. 18, x 6.
4, leucomelas, Blgr., p. 18, x 4.
5. jerdoni, Blgr., p. 19, x 4.
6. leucoproctus, Blgr., p. 20, x 6.
a. Upper view of head; 6. Side view of head; c., Lower
view of head; d. Lower view of tail.
Prats IT.
Fig. 1. Typhlops comorensis, Blgr., p. 21, x5.
2. socotranus, Blgr., p. 21, x 5.
3. oatesii, Blgr., p. 23, x 4.
4. torresianus, Blgr., p. 34, x 3.
5. —— blanfordii, Blgr., p. 39, x3.
6. boetigeri, Blgr., p. 39, x 4.
a. Upper view of head; 6. Side view of head; ¢, Lower
view of head.
Prats III.
Fig. 1. Typhlops regine, Blgr., p. 35, x 2.
exocesti, Blgr., p. 36, x4.
affinis, Blgr., p. 49, x8.
to
442
Fig.
Fig.
an
“
.
LIST OF PLATES.
. Typhlops cumingii, Gray, p. 51, x3.
crossti, Blgr., p. 52, x 4.
imornatus, Blgr., p. 54, x6.
. Glauconia affinis, Blgr., p. 62, x 5.
emini, Blgr., p. 64, x8.
a. Upper view of head; 6. Side view of head; ce. Lower
view of head.
Prats IV.
. Liasis children, Gray, p. 77. Upper, lower, and side
views of head and anterior portion of body.
olivaceus, Gray, p. 79. Upper and side views of
head and neck.
. Corallus cookvi, Gray, p. 99. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body.
Prate V.
. Eryx elegans, Gray, p. 128.
muelleri, Blgr., p. 128.
jayakari, Blgr., p. 129.
Upper view of head and anterior portion of body ; side
view of head ; and side view of tail.
Prats VI.
. Stlybura petersti, Bedd., p. 148. Side view of head and
anterior portion of body, and lower view of posterior
portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head;
b. Side view of head ; c. Upper view of tail; x3.
. —— maculata, Bedd., p. 149. As in the preceding, but
details x 2.
nitida, Bedd., p. 151, As in the preceding ;
details x 3.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
LIST OF PLATES. 443
Prats VII.
Silybura dindigalensis, Bedd., p. 152.
broughami, Bedd., p. 152.
Upper and side yiews of head and anterior portion of
body, and upper and lower views of posterior portion
of body and tail.
Prats VIII.
Silybura macrorhynchus, Bedd., p. 153.
rubrolineata, Gthr., p. 155.
Side views of head and anterior portion of body and of
posterior portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of
head, x2; 6. Upper view of tail, x 2.
PratEe LX.
. Silybura myhendre, Bedd., p. 156. Upper and side views
of head and anterior portion of body; and upper,
lower, and side views of posterior portion of body and
tail.
madurensis, Bedd., p. 156. Side view of head and
anterior portion of body and lower view of posterior
portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head, x2;
b. Upper view of tail, x 2.
. Rhinophis travancoricus, Blgr., p. 148. Side view of head
and anterior portion of body and of posterior portion of
body and tail. a. Upper view of head, x3; 6. Upper
view of tail, x3.
Prats X.
. Pseudoplectrurus canaricus, Bedd., p. 160.
. Plectrurus davisonii, Bedd., p. 162.
aureus, Bedd., p. 162.
Side views of head and anterior portion of body and
of posterior portion of body and tail, and lower view
of tail. a. Upper surface of head, x2.
444 LIST OF PLATES.
Prats XI.
Fig. 1. Platyplectrurus trilineatus, Bedd., p. 165. Upper view
of head and anterior portion of body; side view of head
and anterior portion of body ; and upper view of posterior
portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head, x 2;
b,c. Young.
madurensis, Bedd., p. 166. Side view of head and
anterior portion of body and lower view of posterior
portion of body and tail. «a. Upper view of head, x3.
Prats XII.
Fig. 1. Polyodontophis collaris, Gray, p. 184. Upper and side
views of head and anterior portion of body. a. Side
view of head, x13. 6. Half-grown specimen, type of
Ablabes sinensis, with (c) side view of head, x 2.
2. bistrigatus, Gthr., p. 188. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body. «a, Side view of
head, x3.
Prats XIII.
Fig. 1. Tropidonotus nuchalis, Blgr., p. 218.
2. parallelus, Blgr., p. 228.
3. —— khasiensis, Blgr., p. 223.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of
body.
Prats XIV.
Fig. 1. Tropidonotus peters, Blgr., p. 225.
2. punctulatus, Gthr., p. 228.
3. modestus, Gthr., p. 229.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of
body.
to
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
LIST OF PLATES. 445
Prats XV.
. Tropidonotus sancti-johannis, Blgr., p. 230. Upper,
lower, and side views of head and anterior portion
of body. a. Upper and lower view of head of young
(type specimen).
asperrimus, Blgr., p. 232. Upper and side views
of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XVI.
. Tropidonotus chrysargoides, Gthr., p. 260. Upper and
side views of head and anterior portion of body.
saravacensis, Gthr., p. 261. Upper, lower, and
side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XVII.
Tropidonotus auriculatus, Gthr., p. 261. Upper, lower,
and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
a. Upper view of head, x 2; 0b, Side view of head,
x 2.
. Pseudowenodon dorsalis, Gthr., p. 271. Upper, lower,
and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XVIII.
Lioheterodon modestus, Gthr., p. 269. Upper and side
views of head.
. Helicops trivittatus, Gray, p. 276. Upper, lower, and
side views of head and anterior portion of body.
. Opisthotropis andersonii, Blgr., p. 284. Side view of
head and anterior portion of body. a. Upper view of
head, x3; 0. Side view of head, x3; c. Lower view
of head, x3.
446 LIST OF PLATES.
Prats XIX.
Fig. 1. Trachischium guentheri, Blgr., p. 298.
2. Rhabdops olivaceus, Bedd., p. 300.
. Plagiopholis blakewayi, Blgr., p. 301.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of
body. a. Upper view of head, x2. 0. Side view
head, x2.
. Oxyrhabdium leporinum, Gthr., p. 303. Upper (a) a
side (6) views of head.
Ge
i
/
at
Pratn XX.
Xylophis stenorhynchus, Gthr., p. 304, x 2.
Achalinus rufescens, Blgr., p. 308, x3.
Aspidura guenther, Ferg., p. 312, x 3.
Lamprophis fuscus, Blgr., p. 322, nat. size.
Upper, lower, and side views of head.
bo
ae
Prats XXII.
e
Fig. 1. Boodon infernalis, Gthr., p. 330. Upper and side views
of head.
. Lycophidium meleagris, Blgr., p. 337. Upper, lower,
and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
a. Upper, 6. Side view of head, x 2.
jacksoni, Blgr., p. 340. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body.
bo
Od
Prats XXII.
Fig. 1. Lycophidium abyssinicum, Blgr., p. 342. Upper, lower,
and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
2: fasciatum, Gthr., p. 342. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body.
3. elapoides, Gthr., p. 343. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body.
a. Upper view of head; 6. Side view of head, x 24.
Fig. 1.
LIST OF PLATES. — 447
Prate XXIII.
. Gonionotophis grantii, Gthr., p. B24,
. Simocephalus nyasse, Gthr., p. 347.
Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior
portion of body. «@. Side view of head, x 2.
Prats XXIV.
Lycodon anamallensis, Gthr., p. 351.
, ——< Inosnsis, Gthr., p. 354.
iravancoricus, Bedd., p. 355.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion
of body.
Prats XXYV.
Stegonotus heterwrus, Blgr., p. 367. Upper view of head
and anterior portion of body and lower view of tail.
a. Side view of head.
. Dryocalamus gracilis, Gthr., p. 371. Upper and side
views of head and anterior portion of body. a. Side
view of head, x 13.
iristrigatus, Gthr., p. 372. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body. a. Side view of
head, X 1}.
Prats XXVI.
Zaocys dhumnades, Cant., p. 375.
luzonensis, Gthr., p. 377.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion
of body.
Prats XXVIII.
. Zaocys curinatus, Gthr., p. 377.
fuseus, Gthr., p. 378.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion
of body.
i,
Prars XXVIII. ;
Fig. 1. Lrirhinopholis nuchalis, Blgr., p.
and side views of head and anterior pec
2. Zamenis arenarius, Blgr., p. 413. Uppe
of head and anterior portion of body. _
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~- Zaments APCTLATULS .
LIST OF THE CURRENT
NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
The following publications can be purchased through tiie Agency of
Messrs. Longmans & Co., 39, Paternoster Row ; Mr. Quanrren,
15, Piccadilly ; Messrs. Kegan Paur, Trencu, 'Trisnur & Co.,
Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road; and Messrs. Dutau &
Co., 37, Soho Square; or at the Narurat History Museum,
Cr Ominell Road, London, S.W.
Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds, Rep-
tiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented by B. H. Hodg-
son, Esq., to the British Museum. . 2nd edition. Pp. xii, 90.
(With an account of the Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] By
John Edward Gray. 1863, 12mo. 2s. 3d.
Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean
during the voyage of H.M.S. “Alert,” 1881-2, Pp. xxv., 684.
54 Plates. 1884, 8vo.
Summary of the Voyage - By Dr. R. W. Coppinger.
Mammalia - - - _,, O. Thomas.
Aves” - - - - ,, R. B. Sharpe.
Reptilia, Batrachia, Pisces - ,, A. Giinther.
Mollusea - - ote op Meee. OeEOEL
Echinodermata” - - a ig, Pee: Bell;
Crustacea - . - ,, E. J. Miers.
Coleoptera - - - ,, ©. O. Waterhouse.
Lepidoptera —- : = 4, A. G. Butler.
Aleyonaria and Spongiida - 4 8. O. Ridley.
1/Z. 10s
MAMMALS.
Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296. 1862, 8vo. ds.
Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit: aes Bats in the Collee-
tion of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.RAS., &e.
Pp. viii., 137. 21 Woodeuts. 1870, 8vo. 4s.
Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate M: amimatia
in the British Museuin. By John Edward Gray, F.RLS., &e.
Pp. vii, 898. 47 Wocdeuts. 1869, 8vo. bs, 6.
U 67966. Wt. 7144. A
2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Hand-List of Seals, Morses, Sea-Lions, and Sea-Bears in the British
Muserxm. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. 43. 30 Plates
of Skulls. 1874, 8vo. 12s. 6d. re
Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John
Kdward Gray, F.R.S., &c. 2nd edition. Pp. vii., 402. 101 Wood-
cuts. 1866, 8vo. 8s.
Supplement by John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. vi., 103.
1] Woodeuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6d.
List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department of
the British Museum. By William Henry Flower, LL.D., F.R.S.,
&c. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] Pp. iv., 36.
1885, 8vo. ls. 6d.
Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linneus) in the British
Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &. Pp. viii., 102.
4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Vand-List of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Ruminant Mammals
in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vii.,
176. 42 Plates of Skulls, &e. 1878, 8vo. 12s.
Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401. 4
coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1888. 8vo. 12. 8s.
BIRDS.
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum :—
Vol. III. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Coliomorphe,
containing the families Corvide, Paradiseide, Oriolide,
Dieruride, and Prionopide. By R. -Bowdler Sharpe.
Pp. xiii., 343. Wosodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 17s.
Vol. 1V. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum, Cichlomorphe ;
Part I., containing the families Campophagide and Mus-
cicapide. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 494. Wood-
cuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and
Alphabetical Index.] 1879, 8vo. 17.
Vol. V. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphe:
Part I1., containing the family Turdida: (Warblers and
Thrushes). By Henry Seebohm. Tp. xvi., 426. Wood-
euts and 18 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and
Alphabetical Index.] 1881, 8vo. 14.
+ «
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 3
Catalegue of the Birds in the British Museum—continued.
Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphe :
Part IIL, containing the first portion of the family Time-
liide (Babbling ‘Thrushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe.
Pp. xiii., 420. Woodeuts and 18 coloured Plates. {With
a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1881, 8vo. 1d.
Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo-
morphe: Part IV., containing the concluding portion of
the family Timeliide (Babbling Thrushes). By R.
Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi.,698. Woodceuts and 15 coloured
Plates. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.]
1888, 8vo. 1/. 6s.
Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, ov Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichle-
morphe: Part V., containing the families Paride and
Laniide (Titmice and Shirikes); and Certhiomorphe
(Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A.,,
Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 386. Woodeuts and 9 coloured Plates.
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1883,
8vo. 17s.
Vol. (X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cinnyrimorphe,
containing the families Nectariniide and Meliphagide
(Sun Birds and Honey-eaters). By Hans Gadow, M.A.,
Ph.D. Pp. xii., 310. Woodeuts and 7 coloured Plates. -
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1884,
8vo. ]4s.
Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes :
Part I., containing the families Dicwide, Hirundinida,
Ampelidx, Mniotiltida, and Motacillide. By R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates.
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1885, 8vo.
If. 2s.
Vol. XI. Catalegue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes :
Part I1., containing the families Ceerebidw, Tanagride,
and Icteride. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S.
Pp. xvii, 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] Woodeuts and 18 coloured Plates. 1886, 8vo. 14.
Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilli-
formes: Part IIL, containing the family Fringillide. By
R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodeuts and 16
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1888, Svo. Il. 8s.
Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum, Starniformes,
containing the famiiies Artamida, Sturnide# Ploceidi. and
a 3
4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum—continued.
Alaudidee. iso the families Atrichiide and Menuride.
By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 15
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/. 8s.
Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds; in the Collection of the British Museum. Oligo-
myode, or the families Tyrannide, Oxyrhamphide,
Pipride, Cotingide, Phytotomide, Philepittide, Pittide,
Xenicide, and Eurylemide. By Philip Lutley Sclater,
M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts and 26 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. ]
1888, 8vo. 12. 4s.
Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Tvracheophone,
or the families Dendrocolaptide, Formicariide, Conopo-
phagide, and Pteroptochide. By Philip Lutley Sclater,
M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 871. Woodcuts and 20 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. |
1890, 8vo. 1d. ?
Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariew in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family
Picide. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv.,; 597. Woodcuts
and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1890, Svo. 17. 6s.
*Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picariw in the Collection of
the British Museum. Seansores and Coccyges : containing
the families Rhamphastide, Galbulidw, and Bucconida,
by P. L. Sclater ; and the families Indicatoride, Capitonide,
Cuculidw, and Musophagide, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii.,
484: 13 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 17. 5s.
Mand-List of Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing tiose
contained in the British Museum. By G. R. Gray, F.RS.,
We
Part If. Conirostres, Seansores, Columba, and Gallina.
Pp. xv., 278. Table of Genera and Subgenera: Part II.
1870, 8vo. 6s.
Part IIT. Struthiones, Gralle, and Anseres, with Indices
of Generic and Specific Names. Pp. xi., 850. Table of
Genera and Subgenera: Part III. 1871, 8vo. 8s.
List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray :—
Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonide and Picide.
[With Index.] Pp. 137. 1868, 12mo. 1s. 6d.
Part V. Galline. Pp. iv., 120. [Alphabetical Index.]
1867, 12mo. 1s. 6d.
* Nore.—Volumes XVI. and XVIJ. will be published in the course of
1891.
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5
Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific Ocean
in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert
Gray, F.L.S., &. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
1859, 8vo. ls. 6d.
REPTILES.
Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbenians in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.,
&e. Pp. viii., 80. [Alphabetical Index.] 1844, 12mo. 1s.
Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British
Museum :—
Appendix. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. 28.
1872, 4to. 2s. 6d.
Part II., Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis-
benians. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi.,
41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3s. 6d.
Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British
Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &e. Pp. iv., 124.
[ With an Alphabetical Index.] 18738, 8vo. 4s.
Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in
the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. By
George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. [With Systematie and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 738 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. 1889, S8vo.
los.
Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and extinct) in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Albert C. L. G. Giinther, M.A., M.D.,
Ph.D., F.R.S. Pp. iv., 96. 55 Plates, and two Charts of the
Aldabra group of Islands, north-west of Madagascar. [With a
Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living Gigantic Land
Tortoises.] 1877, 4to. 17. 10s.
Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History).
Second edition. By George Albert Boulenger :—
Vol. I. Geckonidxe, Eublepharidx, Uroplatide, Pygopodide,
Agamide. Pp. xii, 486. 32 Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s.
Vol. Il. IJguanide, Xenosauride, Zonuride, Anguidx,
Anniellide, Helodermatide, Varanidw, Xantusiidx, Teiida,
Amphisbenide. Pp. xiii, 497. 24 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s,
Vo). III. Lacertide, Gerrhosauridx, Scincide, Anelytropide,
Dibamide, Chameleontide. Pp. xii, 575. 40 Plates.
[With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical Index to
the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 1/. 6s.
Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi. 281. [With
Geographical, Systematic, and Abphabetical Indexes.] 155s,
12mo. 4s.
6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
BATRACHIANS.
Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Dr. Albert Ginther. Pp. xvi. 160. 12 Plates.
[With Systematic, Geographical, and Alphabetical Inderes. |
1858, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia, s. Ecaudata, in the Collection
of the British Museum. Second edition. By George Albert
Boulenger. Pp. xvi., 503. Woodcuts and 30 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. 1d. 10s.
Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s. Caudata, and Batrachia
Apoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Second edition.
By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viii., 127. 9 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, Svo. Ss.
FISHES.
Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum.
By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S., &e. :--
Vol. IJ. Squamipinnes, Cirrhitide, Triglide, Trachinida,
Scienide, Polynemide, Sphyrenide, Trichiuride, Scom-
bride, Carangide, Xiphiide. Pp. xxi. 548. [With a
Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1860, Evo. 8s. 6d.
Vol. III. Gobiide, Discoboli, Oxudercide, Batrachide,
Pediculati, Blenniide, Acanthoclinide, Comephoride,
Trachypteridx, Lophotidw, Teuthidide, Acronuride, Hop-
lognathide, Malacanthide, Nandidw, Polycentride,
Labyrinthici, Luciocephalide, Atherinide, Mugilide,
Ophiocephalidz, Trichonotide, Cepolide, Gobiesocide,
Psychrolutide, Centriscide, Fistularide, Mastacembelida,
Notacanthi. Pp. xxv., 556. Woodcuts. [With a Sys-
tematic and Alphabetical Index, and a Systematic Synopsis
of the fimilies of the Acanthopterygian Fishes.] 1861,
8vo. 10s. 6d.
Vol. IV. Acanthopterygzii Pharyngognathi, Anacanthini.
Pp. xxi. 534. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical
Index.] 1862, 8vo. 8s. 6d.
Vol. V.. Siluridx, Characinide, Haplochitonida, Sternopty-
chide, Scopelida, Stomiatide. Pp. xxii., 455. Woodcuts.
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1864, 8vo. 8s.
Vol. VI. Salmonide, Percopside, Galaxide, Mormyride,
Gymnarchide, Esocidae, Umbridx, Scombresocide, Cy pri-
nodontida. Pp. xv.,368. Woodcuts. [With a Systematic
and Alphabetical Index.] 1866, vo. 7s.
Vol. VII. Heterophygii, Cyprinidw, Gonorhynchide, Hyo-
dontide, Osteoglosside, Clupeide, Chirocentride, Alepo-
cephalide, Notopteride, Halosauride. Pp. 3x.) some
Woodeuts. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index. ]
1868, 8vo. 8s.
Vol.VIII. Gymnotide, Symbranchide, Murenide, Pegaside,
Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondrop-
terygii, Cyclostomata, Leptocardii. Pp. xxv., 549. [With
a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 8s. 6d,
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), 7
List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. By J. E. Gray. Pp. x.,
160. 2 cee [Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1851,
12mo. 3s.
Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore
Gronow, now in the British Museum. Vp. vii., 196. [Systematic
Index.] 1854, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates.
(With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.
MOLLUSCA.
Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the British
Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.RS., &e.
Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. ds.
Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Muscum,
collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by Philip P. Carpenter.
Pp. xvi. 552. 1857, 12mo. 8s.
List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum,
collected and described by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet in the
“ Voyage autour du Monde, exécuté pendant les années 1836 et
“ 1837, sur la Corvette ‘La Bonite,’” and in the “ Histoire
“ naturelle des Mollusques Ptéropodes,’ Par. MM. P. C. A. L.
Rang et Souleyet. Pp. iv., 27. 1855, 12mo. 8d.
Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer.
Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. 6d.
Catalogue of the Auriculide, Proserpinide, and Truncatellide in the
Collection of the British Museum. 3y Dr. Louis Pfeiffer.
Pp. iv., 150. Woodeuts. 1857, 12mo. 1s. 9d.
List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By
John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. Part IT. Olivide. Pp.
41. 1865, 12mo. Is.
Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve mbellh, in the Collection of
the British Museum. By M. Deshayes:
Part 1. Veneride, Cyprinidw, Glauconomida, and Petricolada,
Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s.
Part II. Petricolade (concluded), Corbicniade. Pp. 76.
[With an Alphabetical Index to the two parts.j 1854,
12mo. 6d.
BRACHIOPODA,
Catalogue ot Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Li ump Shells in the Collee-
tion of the British Museum. Pp. iv., 128 25 Woodeuts. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo. ¢s,
8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
POLYZOA.
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F'.R.S. Pp.
vili., 89. 388 Plates. [Witha Systematic Index.] 1875, 8vo. 5s,
CRUSTACEA.
Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum,
Part I. Leucosiade. By Thomas Bell, V.P.R.S., Pres. L.S., &e.
Pp. iv., 24. 1855, 8vo. 6d.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the
Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, F.R.S., &e.
Pp. iv. 399. 58 Plates. [Alphabetical Index.] 1862, 8vo.
12, 5s.
INSECTS.
Coleopterous Insects.
Nomenciature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum ;-—
Part VI. Passalide. By Frederick Smith. Pp. 23. With
Plate and Index. 1852, 12mo. 8d.
Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 174.
4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d.
Part VIII. Longicornia, I]. By Adam White. Pp. 237.
6 Plates 1855, 12mo. és. 6d.
Part IX. Cassidide. By Charles H. Boheman, Professor of
Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With Index. ]
1856, 12mo. 3s.
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection
of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S.
Pp. xvi, 234. Plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue and
Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3s.
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collee-
tion of the British Museum. By T, Vernon Wollaston, M.A.,
F.L.S. Pp. xiii, 648. [With Topographical and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d.
List of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Cucujide, &c. By Frederick Smith. Pp. ii, 25.
1851, 12mo. 6d.
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection
of the British Museum, Part I. Lycide. By Charles Owen
Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16s.
Catalogue of Halticide in the Collection of the British Museum.
3y the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and
Cidipodes. Part I. Pp. xii, 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates.
1860, Svo. 7s.
~~ ae
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9
Catalogue of Hispide in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9 Piates.
{With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.
Hymenopterous Ti:sects.
Catalegue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo.:—
art I. Andrenid» and Apide. Pp. 197. 6 Plates. 1853,
2s. 6d.
Part II. Apide. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s.
Part III. Mutillide and Pompilide. Pp. 206. 6 Plates.
1855, 6s.
Part IV. Sphegide, Larridw, and Crabronide. Pp. 207-497.
6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 6s.
Part V. Vespide. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1857, 6s.
Part VI. Formicidae. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.| 1858, Gs.
Part VII. Dorylide and Thynnide. Pp. 76. 3 Plates.
[ Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s.
Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Sinith. Pp. xxi., 240. [Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10s.
List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the ‘l'ypical
Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredinide and
Siricide. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii, 450. 16 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical ladexes.] 1882, Svo.
1d, 18s.
Dipterous Insects.
List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of thie
British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo,. :—
Part II. Pp. 231-484. 1849, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Part III. Pp. 485-687. 1849, 12mo. 3s.
Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts,
and an Index of Donors.] 1849, 12mo. 6s.
Part VI. Supplement Il. Acroceride and part of the
family Asilide. By Francis Walker, ¢.L.S. Pp. ii., 331-
506. 8 Cuts. 1854, 12mo. 3s.
Part VII. Supplement III. Asilide. Pp. ii., 507-775.
1855, 12mo. 4s. 6d.
Lepidopterous Insects.
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the
Collection of the British Museum :—
Part ITI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviii., 82. 41-60
coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.| 1879, 4to. 2/. 10s.
U 67966. Ao
10 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THK
Tllustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera, &¢.—
continued.
Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74. 78-100
Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.] 1881, 4to. 27. 10s.
Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv.,89. 101-120
Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.] 1886, 4to. 2/. 4s.
Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124. 121-
138 Coloured Plates. [Systematic List.] 1889, 4to. 21.
Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri
District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144.
139-156 Coloured Plates. [Systematic List.] 1891, 4to.
21.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyride in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L.S., &. Pp. vi, 211. 5 Plates. [Alphabetical Index. ]
1868, Svo. 5s. 6d.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. 6d.
Specimen of a Catalogue of Lycxnide in the British Museum. By
W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. .8 coloured Plates. 1862, 4to. 1/. 1s.
List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum.
Part I. Papiliondie. By G.R.Gray, F.L.S. Pp. 106. [Alpha-
betical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. :—
Part III. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 582-775. 1855. 3s.
Part LV. Pp. 776-976. 1855. 3s.
Part Ve ———-————_—_———- Pp. 977-1257. 1855. 4s.
| Pp.1258-1507. 1855. 3s.6d.
Part VIJ.———— Pp. 1508-1808. —[ With
an Alphabetical Index to Parts I.-VII.] 1856. 4s. 6d.
Part XI. Noctuide. Pp. 492-764. 1857. 3s. 6d.
Part XI]. ———— Pp. 765-982. 1857. 3s. 6d.
Part XV. -—— Pp. 1520-1888. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts IX.—XV.] 1858. 4s. 6d.
Part XVI. Deltoides. Pp. 253. 1858. 3s. 6d.
Part XIX. = Pyralites. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alpha-
betical Index te Parts XVI--XIX.] 1859. 3s. 6d.
Part XX. Geometrites. Pp. 1-276. 1860. 4s.
Part X XI. Pp. 277-498. 1860. 3s.
Part XXII. —— Pp. 499-755. 1861. 3s. 6d.
eee
Part XXIII. ——-———-.. Pp. 756-1020. 1861. 3s. 6d.
Part XXIV. ————— Pp. 1021-1280. 1862. 3s. 6d.
Part XXV. —— Pp. 1281-1477. 1862. 3s.
Part XX VI. —— Pp. 1478-1796. [Withan Alpha-
beticai Index to Parts XX.-—XXVI.] 1862. 4s. 6d.
Part XX VII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1-286. 1863. 4s.
Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp, 287-56).
1863. 4s.
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 11
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects, &e.—continucd.
Part XXIX. Tincites. Pp. 562-835. 1864. 4s.
Part XXX. —-——- Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XXVIT.-XXX.] 1864. 4s.
Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864. 5s.
Part XXXII, -—-———- Part 2. Pp. 322-706. 1865,
5s.
Part XXXII. ———---- Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865.
6s.
Part XXXIV. ———— Part4. Pp.1121-1533. 1865,
5s. 6d.
Part XXXV. —— Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040. [With
an Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXIL-~XXXV.]_ 1866.
7s,
Neuropierous Insects.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropierous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum :---
Part I. (Phryganides—Perlides.) By Francis Walker,
Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 12mo. 2s. 6d.
art Il. Sialide—Nemopterides. By Francis Walker.
Pp. ii., 193-476. 1853, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Part III. Termitida—KEphemeride. By Francis Walker.
Pp. ii., 477-585. 1853, 12mo. 1s. 6d.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen. Part J. Termitina.
Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo, 6d.
P:
Orthopterous Insects.
Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I, Phasmide. By John Obadiah Westwood,
F.L.S., &e. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index. ]
1859, 4to. 32.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Blatiariw in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.8S., &e. Pp. 239.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supple-
ment to the Blattaria in the Collection of the British Museum,
Gryllide. Blattariz. Locustide. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e.
Pp. 224. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. ds.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collee-
tion of the British Museum :—
Part IT. Locustide (continued). By Francis Walker, F.L.S.,
&e. Pp. 225-423. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869,
8vo. 4s. 6d.
12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria, &e.—continued.
Part IIL. Locustide (continued). Acrididee. By Francis
Walker, F.L.S., &. Pp. 425--604. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4s.
Part IV. Acridide (continued). By Francis Walker, MALS:
&e. Pp. 605-809. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870,
8vo. 6s. 2
Part V. Tettigide. Supplement to the Catalogue of Blat-
tarie; Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera Salta-
toria; and a description of the Geographical Distribution
of Dermaptera. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. Pp. 811-
850; 43,116. [With Alphabetical Indexes.] _ 1870, 8vo,
6s.
Hlemipterous Insects.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e.
Svo, :—
Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867, 5s.
Put II. Seutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867, 4s.
Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to
Parts [., IL, HI., and Summary of Geographical Distribu-
tion of the Species mentioned.] 1868, 4s. 6d.
Part IV. Pp. 211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871, 8vo. 6s.
Part V.. Pps.202: —>—— ) LS 25Svo0. 5s.
Parts V1I5< Pp. 210, -——_—-———— 1873, 8vo. 5s.
Part VII. Pp. 2138, ——-————_—_____._ 1873. 8vo. 6s.
Pari E Pp. 220 1873, 8vo. 6s. 6d.
Homopterous Insects.
List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Francis Waiker :—
Part I. Pp. 260. . 1850, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Part II. Pp. 261-637. 1851, 12mo. 5s.
Part 1V. Pp. ix., 909-1188. 8 Plates. [Alphabetical Index
to the four parts.] 1852, 12mo. 4s,
Supplement. Pp, ii, 369. [Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo.
4s. 6d,
VERMES.
Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, contained
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird. Pp. iv.,
132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in which the
Kntozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found; and an Index of
Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s,
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), 13
ANTHOZOA.
Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariida: in the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.RS., &e. Pp. Vig, Mae
2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. ls. 6d.
Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Fp. iv., 51,
14 Woodcuts. 1.70, 8vo. ds. .
BRITISH ANIMALS.
Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum.
By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. Pp. xii., 248. List
of Species. 1863, Svo. 3s. 6d.
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. Second Edition. Part I.
Andrenide and Apidw. [Catalogue of British Bees.—New Issue. ]
Pp. xi., 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicide, and
Vespide in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick
Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 185, 12mo. bs.
A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collection
of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin.,
F.R.C.L. Ed. LL.D. Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &e. Pp. 365,
Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1865,
Svo. 7s.
List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the
sritish Museum; with Synonyma and References to figures.
12mv. :—
Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 1850. 2nd
Edition, 1856, 12mo. 1s. 9d.
Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala, and Brachiopoda. By Dr.
J. E. Gray. 1851, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny.
1852. Is.
Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick
Smith. Pp. ii. 74. 1853, 12mo. 1s. 4d.
Tart XIV. Nomenclature of Netroptera. By Adam White.
Pp. ii., 16. 1853, 12mo. 6d.
Part XV. Nomenclature ef Diptera, I. By Adam White,
Pp. ii., 42, 1853, 12mo. Is,
PLANTS.
List of British Diatomacex in the Collection of the British Museum,
Ry the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S,, &e. Pp. iv., 55, 1859, i2mo, Is.
14 LISt OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
FOSSILS.
Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :
Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Ghiropiaka, Tnsee-
tivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. Exx., 208. 4°90
Woodeuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. |
1885, 8vo. 5s.
Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Artio-
dactyla. Pp, xxii., 324. 39 Woodeuts. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 6s.
Part LI. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Peris-
sodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Amblypoda.
Pp. xvi. 186. 80 Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index,
and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms.] 1886, Svo. 4s.
Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Probos-
cidea. Pp. xxiv. 233. 32 Woodeuts. [With Systematic
Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
inciuding Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. ds.
Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Si-
renia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotvremata, and
Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and
Species, including Synonyms.! 1887, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii, 368. 75
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, Svo. 10s. 6d.
Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South
Africa in the Collection of the British Museum. By Richard
Owen, C.B., F.R.S., &c. Pp. xii, 88. 70 Plates. [With a
Tabular view of the Fossiliferous strata of the earth.] 1876.
4to, 37. 3s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British
Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A.,
F..G.S. :—
Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia,
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria.
Pp. xxviii, 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index
and Alphabetical Index cf Genera and Species, including
Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7s. 6d.
Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Saurop-
terygia. Pp. xxi, 807. 85 Woodeuts. [With Systematic
Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d.
Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii., 239.
53 Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms. |
1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d.
Part [V. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata,
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement. Pp.
—_
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). | 1
ot
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, &c.-- continued.
xxiil., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index,
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species’
to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. 6d.
Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S, :—
Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii., 474.
13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and
Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1889, 8vo. 21s.
Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holo-
cephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleo-
stomi (Crossopterygit and Chondrostean Actinopterygii).
Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. {With Alpha-
betical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species. }
1891, 8vo. 21s.
Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and
Eocene Mullusea in the British Museum (Natural History), with
references to the type-specimens from similar horizons contained
in other collections belonging to the Geological Department of the
Museum. By Richard Bullen Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii. 365,
[ With table of Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-
table, Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. :--
Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con-
sisting of the families Orthoceratide, Indoceratide, Acti-
noceratide, Gomphoceratide, Ascoceratida, Poterioceratida,
Cyrtoceratida, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi. 344. 51
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888,
8vo. 10s. 6d.
Part II, Containing the remainder of the Suborder Nauti-
loidea, consisting of the families Lituitid™, Trochoceratide,
Nautilidz, and Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood-
cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, Svo. 15s.
A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and
the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry Wood-
ward, F.R.S. Pp. xii, 155. [With an Alphabetical Index. ]
1877, 8vo. 5s.
Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of the
British Museum (Natural History), with an account of the mor-
phology and systematic position of the group, and a revision of the
genera and species. (Illustrated by 20 plates, &e.) By Robert
Etheridge, jun., of the Department of Geology, British Museum
(Natura! History), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Se., F.R.S.,
F.L.S. (of Eton College). [With a preface by Dr. H. Woodward,
Table of Contents, General Index, Explanation of the Plates, &c. |
Pp. xv., 322. 1886, 4to. 25s.
16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS GF THE
Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Department of the
British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of new
and little-known species. By George Jennings Hinde, Ph.D.,
F.G.S. Pp. viii., 248.. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular List of
Species, arranged in Zoological and Stratigraphical sequence, aud
an Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 4to. 1d. 10s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones, FLE.S:, 8) -Pp sexy.
100. [ With Geographical and Alphabetical Indexes.j] 1882, 8vo. ds.
Catalogue of the Paleozoic Plants in the Department of Geology
and Paleontology, British Museum (Natural History). By
Robert Kidston, F.G.S, Pp. viii., 288. [With alist of works
quoted, and an Index.] 1886, 8vo. &s.
GUIDE-BOOKS.
(To be obtained only at the Museum.)
A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History), Crom-
well Road, London, S.W. [By W. H. Flower.] With 2 Plans,
2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 74. 1891,
8vo. 3d.
Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteological,
Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum
(Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 8rd Edition. Pp. “126;
57 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1887, 8vo. 4d.
A Guide to the Gould Collection of Hamming Birds, British
Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 5th Edition.
Pp. 22. With Map showing the distribution of Humming Birds,
1889, 8vo. 2d.
Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia in the Department of Zoology of
the British Museum (Natural History}. [By A. Giinther.] 2nd
Edition. Pp. 30. 22 Woodeuts and 1 Plan. 1886, 8vo. 2d.
Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of
Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A.
Ginther.] 2nd Edition. Pp, iv., 119. 101 Woodeuts and 1
Plan. Index. 1888, 8vo. 6d.
Guice to the Shell and Starfish Gaileries (Mollusca, @chinodermata,
Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum
(Naturai History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. iv., 74.
51 Woodceuts and 1 Plan. 1888, 8vo. 4d.
A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries ef the Department of Gcology
and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [By Henry Woodward. New
Hdition. |—
Part I. Fossil Mammals and Birds. Pip. xii eae 219
Woodcuts and 1 Plan, 1890, 8vo. 6d.
Part IT. Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates, Pp. xii.,
109. 94 Woodeuts and | Plan. 1890, 8vo. 6d.
Ne te eroaig>) Y
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTURY). 17
Guide to the Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of
Geology and Paleontology, British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, South Kensington. [By Henry Woodward.| 2nd
Edition. Pp. 51. 81 Woodeuts. Index. 1888, 8vo. 4d.
A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural
History). [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 32. Plan. 1889, 8vo. 1d.
An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, witi a Guide to the
Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History), Crom-
well Road, S.W. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 120.
Plan of the Mineral Gallery. Index. 1889, 8vo. 6d.
The Student’s Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum
(Natural History). New Edition. Pp. 27. With a plan of the
Mineral Gallery. 1890, 8vo. 2d.
Diagrams.
An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with « List of the
Meteorites represented in the Collection. [By L. Fletcher. ]
[With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the
Meteorites represented in the Collection.] FPp.91. 1890, 8vo. 3d.
W. H. FLOWER,
Director.
British Museum
(Natural History),
Cromwell Road,
London, S.W.
Angust Ist, 1891.
Lonpown: Printed by Eyre and Svrotriswoopks, —
Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. eae
; For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
. 7 [7144.—3000 & 250,—8/91.]
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